P

tòng

A more or less localized feeling of discomfort, distress, or agony that is felt as a result of knocks and falls, cuts in the flesh, severe hunger, contact with fire or hot objects, or various ailments of the body. It can affect any part of the body and occurs in both externally contracted disease and internal damage. Pain is a major item of diagnostic information, and its significance depends on its nature and location.

Types of Pain aching painsuän tòng distending painzhàng tòng dull painyîn tòng empty painköng tòng cold painlêng tòng gripping painjiâo tòng heavy painzhòng tòng pulling painchè tòng scorching painzhuó tòng scurrying paincuàn tòng stabbing paincì tòng sorenesstòng

Aching pain  (suän tòng) ( suan1 tong4) is a pain of continuous duration, felt in the sinews and bones. It is attributable to yin vacuity, yang vacuity, or evils such as cold and dampness. An example is aching lumbus.

Distending pain  (zhàng tòng) ( zhang4 tong4), or distention and pain, is pain associated with a feeling of expansion or inflation that may or may not be accompanied by visible or palpable enlargement. It may be experienced in the head, eyes, trunk, or limbs. It is essentially the manifestation of depressed qi dynamic. Qi is formless (insubstantial) and likes to move without being obstructed. When cold congealing in the channels, exuberant fire-heat, impairment of organ function, or poor supply of nourishment to the channels and vessels cause inhibition of qi dynamic, qi ceases to flow smoothly and becomes depressed and gathers. Stomach duct pain due to cold stagnating in the center burner, chest and rib-side pain due to binding depression of liver qi, and headache due to ascendant liver yang are forms of distending pain.

Dull pain  (yîn tòng) ( yin3 tong4) is a muted, usually persistent pain that is generally bearable. It is attributable to insufficiency of qi and blood, or to yang qi vacuity failing.

Empty pain  (köng tòng) ( kong1 tong4) is pain associated with a feeling of emptiness and lightness, that likes warmth and pressure. It is associated mainly with insufficiency of essence-blood and may be observed in yang vacuity, yin vacuity, blood vacuity, or in dual vacuity of yin and yang.

Cold pain  (lêng tòng) ( leng3 tong4) is pain associated with an icy sensation. If it is in the surface of the body, the coldness can be felt with the hand. Cold pain is usually accompanied by a desire for warm and hot things. It is attributed to internal or external cold congealing in the sinew vessels and obstructing the channels. Cold is a yin evil that is cold in nature; it easily damages yang qi, and causes a loss in warmth of yang qi wherever it becomes lodged.

Gripping pain  (jiâo tòng) ( jiao3 tong4) is an excruciating acute pain that feels as if the affected area were being wrung and twisted or gouged by a knife. It is usually caused by tangible evils obstructing the channels and network vessels or congealing cold depressing normal qi dynamic. Gripping pain is observed in heart pain due to heart blood stasis chest impediment() or lower abdominal or lumbar pain due to stone strangury, stomach duct pain and abdomen due to roundworm reversal, or in heat cholera.

Heavy pain  (zhòng tòng) ( zhong4 tong4) is a pain associated with a feeling of heaviness. It causes a tendency to remain in a lying posture and move little. The pain itself is often an aching pain. Heavy pain is attributable to dampness evil---invading the body from outside or arising within it from spleen vacuity---obstructing qi dynamic. Headache with head heavy as if swathed (bag-over-the-head sensation) and heavy aching limbs are examples of heavy pain.

Pulling pain  (chè tòng) ( che4 tong4) is a pain associated with a sensation of tension or pulling or a pain that stretches into another area. It arises when the sinew vessels are deprived of nourishment or obstructed. For example, when heart blood stasis deprives the sinew network vessels of nourishment, the sinews become hypertonic. This causes the pulling pain characteristic of chest impediment patterns, where pain stretches through to the back. The liver governs the sinews, and when there is heat in the liver channel, scorching of the sinew vessels causes the sinews to become hypertonic, or when liver yin is insufficient, the sinews are deprived of nourishment and similarly become hypertonic. Hence, pulling pain is largely attributed to the liver. It is observed in chest impediment, liver yin vacuity, and liver channel repletion heat.

Scorching pain  (zhuó tòng) ( zhuo2 tong4) is a hot burning pain. If the pain is on the surface of the body (such as in sores), the heat can actually be felt with the hand. Usually, it is ascribed to fire-heat evils in the channels or to vacuity heat scorching the channels and network vessels; it is associated with a desire for cool and cold things. Examples include scorching pain the both rib-sides due to liver fire invading the network vessels, and scorching stomach duct pain due to insufficiency of stomach yin. Sores due to heat toxin also commonly manifest in scorching pain and swelling.

Scurrying pain  (cuàn tòng) ( cuan4 tong4) is one that repeatedly changes location or one whose location is difficult to pinpoint. Its general location and movement are related to channel pathways. It is associated with qi stagnation or with wind evil obstructing the channels. Hence it is often seen in binding depression of the liver qi and in wind impediment.

Stabbing pain  (cì tòng) ( ci4 tong4) is like the stabbing of a needle or knife and is limited to a small area of fixed location. It is often described as being like the ``cutting of a knife,'' the ``stabbing of a knife,'' or the ``piercing of an awl.'' It arises when the blood, owing to qi vacuity, qi stagnation, blood vacuity, etc., is obstructed and becomes static, thus blocking channel qi. This type of pain is often referred to as stasis pain.

Soreness  (tòng) ( tong4) is pain associated with open wounds or with redness and swelling (e.g., of the eyes or throat). The distinction between pain and soreness made in English does not exist in Chinese. The significance of pain in different locations is discussed on the entries listed below. See also qi pain; impediment.

Pain by Location headachetóu tòng ear painêr tòng eye painmù tòng red sore swollen eyesyân jïng hóng zhông tòng facial painmiàn tòng toothacheyá tòng crick in the neckluò zhên sore throathóu lóng tòng shoulder painjiän tòng back painbèi tòng lumbar painyäo tòng pain in the limbszhï tî téng tòng heel painzú gën tòng pain in the heart of the solezú xïn tòng sinew painjïn tòng bone paingû tòng joint paingû jié tòng generalized painshën tòng chest painxiöng tòng heart painxïn tòng true heart painzhën xïn tòng rib-side painxié tòng stomach painwèi tòng stomach duct painwèi wân guân tòng abdominal painfù tòng lesser-abdominal painshào fù tòng painful urinationniào tòng menstrual paintòng jïng

diän dîng tòng

vertex headache.

xïn xià tòng

Pain in the pit of the stomach. See stomach duct pain.

tòng bì

cold impediment.

wài shèn diào tòng

A condition characterized by painful sagging of the scrotum observed in certain mounting diseases.

Acupuncture:  Traditionally, treatment often involved burning five cones of moxa at the transverse creases of the underside of the middle joint of the great and second toes. An alternative treatment is to needle or moxa LR-1 (dà dün, Large Pile) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , ST-30 (qì chöng, Qi Thoroughfare) , and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) .

yïn hù zhông tòng

Painful swelling of the orificium vaginae, sometimes with rough (disfluent) urination, lower abdominal discomfort, and even heat~effusion and aversion to cold. It attributed to depressed anger damaging the liver, liver qi invading the spleen, and damp-heat pouring downward.

Medication:  Clear heat and disinhibit dampness with variations of Gentian Liver-Draining Decoction (lóng dân xiè gän täng) as oral medication, and a combination of Cnidii Monnieri Fructus (shé chuáng zî), Kochiae Fructus (dì fü zî), Phellodendri Cortex (huáng bâi), Ledebouriellae Radix (fáng fëng), and Sophorae Flavescentis Radix (kû shën) prepared as a steam-wash.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, LR, and SP. Select CV-3 (zhöng jí, Central Pole) BL-34 (xià liáo, Lower Bone-Hole) , LR-2 (xíng jiän, Moving Between) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) ; needle with drainage. Also, use a moxa pole to smoke (rather than warm) the affected area for pain relief.

niào tòng

A stinging or burning pain in the urethra on urination with difficulty voiding. It is a chief common feature of strangury patterns. See urine.

zú xïn tòng

Pain in the center of the sole of the foot, at KI-1 (yông quán, Gushing Spring) . It is usually due to kidney vacuity damp fixity and the life gate fire failing to spread warmth, in which case it is associated with heat pain in the ankle bone and treated with Kidney Fixity Decoction (shèn zhuó täng) combined with Eight-Ingredient Pill (bä wèi wán). Pain in the heart of the sole may also be attributable to streaming damp phlegm, which is observed in obese people, and is experienced when the patient walks after long sitting or lying. This is treated with Kidney Fixity Decoction (shèn zhuó täng) combined with Mysterious Two Powder (èr miào sân).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on BL, KI and . Main points: BL-62 (shën mài, Extending Vessel) , BL-63 (jïn mén, Metal Gate) , KI-3 (tài xï, Great Ravine) , and KI-1 (yông quán, Gushing Spring) . For kidney vacuity damp fixity and the life gate fire failing to spread warmth, add BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , GV-4 (mìng mén, Life Gate) , KI-3 (tài xï, Great Ravine) , KI-7 (fù lïu, Recover Flow) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , and ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) ; needle with supplementation and large amounts of moxa, and add KI-6 (zhào hâi, Shining Sea) for ankle pain. For streaming damp phlegm in obese people, add CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , and SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) ; needle with even supplementation and drainage and moxa, if appropriate.

xïn fù tòng

See abdominal pain; stomach duct pain.

sì zhï tòng

Pain in one or more of the limbs. Pain in the limbs is usually caused by wind-cold-damp invading the channels and network vessels, the flesh, and the joints, obstructing the movement of qi. Elementary Questions (sù wèn) states, ``When wind, cold, and damp evils concur and combine, they give rise to impediment .'' Pain in the limbs can also arise as a result of spleen and stomach. The spleen governs the limbs, and spleen vacuity can cause limb pain. The location and nature of pain in the limbs provides useful diagnostic evidence: Pain in the joints and scurrying pain is usually wind impediment; Acute pain in the joints exacerbated by cold and relieved by warmth is usually cold impediment; joint pain with heavy cumbersome body usually indicates damp impediment; scorching pain in the joints that likes cold, in some cases with redness and swelling, is usually heat impediment; dull pain in the heel or lower leg and knee is usually insufficiency of kidney qi.

yäo jî tòng

Pain in the spinal vertebrae and adjacent areas. It is caused by sprains, collection of static blood, wind-cold-damp evel invading the channels, and taxation damaging the kidney.

zú xïn tòng

See pain in the heart of the sole.

qí fù tòng

Pain in the region of the navel; attributed to congealing cold, spleen-kidney yang vacuity, yang brightness heat bind, gastrointestinal qi stagnation, brewing damp-heat, food damage, or roundworm.

Congealing cold  (hán níng) causes sudden acute pain in the umbilical region without respite that is slightly relieved by warmth, and that is accompanied by no thought of food and drink, rumbling intestines, abdominal cold diarrhea or constipation, and, in severe cases, reversal coldof the extremities. The tongue is pale or green-blue with a moist white fur, and a sunken tight slow pulse.

Medication:  Warm the center and dissipate cold; rectify qi and relieve pain. Use Tiantai Lindera Powder (tiän tái wü yào sân) plus agents such as Zingiberis Rhizoma Exsiccatum (gän jiäng) and Cinnamomi Cortex (ròu guì). For constipation, variations of Spleen-Warming Decoction (wën pí täng) can be used.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, ST, SP, and LI. Main points: CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , and ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) . For congealing cold, add SP-4 (göng sün, Yellow Emperor) , CV-8 (shén què, Spirit Gate Tower) , and CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) ; needle with drainage and add moxa.

Spleen-kidney yang vacuity  (pí shèn yáng xü) causes continual intermittent pain in the umbilical region that like warmth and pressure and that is exacerbated by exposure to cold This is accompanied by coldlimbs and fear of cold, thin sloppy stool, pale tongue with a thin white fur, and a weak fine sunken pulse.

Medication:  Supplement the spleen and kidney; warm yang and relieve pain. Use Aconite Center-Rectifying Pill (fù zî lî zhöng wán) or use Yin-Rectifying Brew (lî yïn jiän) plus Cinnamomi Cortex (ròu guì) and Paeoniae Radix Alba (bái sháo yào).

Acupuncture:  To the main points given above add BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , and GV-4 (mìng mén, Life Gate) ; needle with supplementation and moxa.

Yang brightness heat bind  (yáng míng rè jié) causes pain in the umbilical region with fullness that refuses pressure. This is accompanied by tidal heat~effusion, streaming sweat at the extremities, constipation or in some cases watery diarrhea, short voidings of reddish urine, a red tongue with thick dry yellow fur, and a rapid slippery sunken pulse.

Medication:  Clear heat and induce draining precipitation. Use Stomach-Regulating Qi-Coordinating Decoction (tiáo wèi chéng qì täng), Major Qi-Coordinating Decoction (dà chéng qì täng), and Minor Qi-Coordinating Decoction (xiâo chéng qì täng).

Acupuncture:  To the main points add BL-25 (dà cháng shü, Large Intestine Transport) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , ST-44 (nèi tíng, Inner Court) , ST-37 (shàng jù xü, Upper Great Hollow) , and TB-6 (zhï göu, Branch Ditch) ; needle with drainage.

Gastrointestinal qi stagnation  (cháng wèi qì zhì) causes pain in the umbilical region less severe than the accompanying fullness and relieved by the passing of flatus and worsened by affect-mind ill-being. There is no desire for food and drink, a thin white tongue fur, and slippery stringlike pulse.

Medication:  Downbear qi and dissipate binds; regulate the center and relieve pain. Use variations of Five Milled Ingredients Drink (wû mò yîn zi).

Acupuncture:  To the main points add CV-17 (shän zhöng, Chest Center) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , and LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) ; needle with drainage.

Brewing damp-heat  (shï rè yùn jié) causes pain in the umbilical region and tenesmus in dysentery. The stool is thick, sticky, and foul-smelling and contains pus and blood. In addition, there is bitter taste in the mouth, dry mouth with no desire to drink, a dark red tongue with a thick slimy yellow fur, and a slippery rapid pulse.

Medication:  Clear damp-heat and rectify qi and blood to relieve pain. Use variations of Peony Decoction (sháo yào täng).

Acupuncture:  To the main points add LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , ST-44 (nèi tíng, Inner Court) , and ST-37 (shàng jù xü, Upper Great Hollow) ; needle with drainage.

Food damage accumulation  (shäng shí jï zhì) can causes pain in the umbilical region relieved by the passing of flatus or by defecation. There is belching, upflow and nausea, no thought of food and drink, and sometimes diarrhea. Stool contains largely undigested food, and is sour-smelling and malodorous. The tongue fur is thick and slimy at the root, and the pulse is slippery.

Medication:  Disperse accumulation and abduct stagnation. Use Saussurea and Areca Pill (mù xiäng bïng láng wán) or Unripe Bitter Orange Stagnation-Abducting Pill (zhî shí dâo zhì wán).

Acupuncture:  To the main points add , CV-21 (xuán jï, Jade Swivel) , CV-10 (xià wân, Lower Stomach Duct) , and CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) ; needle with drainage.

Round worm  (huí chóng) can cause intense pain with periods of complete relief. Sometimes an accumulation lump can be observed. Other signs include emaciation, periodic vomiting of clear water. In some cases, there may be grinding of the teeth in sleep, perverted appetite, passage of worms in the stool, or gray patches on the mouth and face. During attacks of pain, the pulse becomes wiry or sunken and hidden.

Medication:  Expel and kill roundworm. Use Worm-Transforming Pill (huà chóng wán) or variations.

Acupuncture:  To the main points add SP-4 (göng sün, Yellow Emperor) , BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , , and ST-4 (dì cäng, Earth Granary) ; needle with drainage.

tòng rú däo gë

See stabbing pain; pain.

tòng rú zhuï cì

See stabbing pain; pain.

tòng rú däo cì

See stabbing pain; pain.

tòng fëng

Definition: 

Synonym:  white tiger joint-

running wind .

An impediment pattern characterized by acute pain of unfixed location. See joint-running wind.

Definition:  cold impediment.

göng

The word ``palace'' is used in names of parts of the body and acupuncture points. It commonly represents the heart, as in the formula name Peaceful Palace Bovine Bezoar Pill (än göng níu huáng wán). See heart holds the office of monarch, whence the spirit light emanates.

jïng göng

essence chamber.

jïng lái sè dàn

Menstrual discharge that is paler than normal in color. Pale menstrual flow is attributable to dual vacuity of qi and blood and spleen-kidney yang vacuity preventing normal movement and transformation.

Medication:  Supplement qi and blood to regulate menstruation. Use Eight-Gem Decoction (bä zhën täng) plus Astragali (seu Hedysari) Radix (huáng qí), Cyperi Rhizoma (xiäng fù zî), and Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (shëng jiäng). Take Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill (lìu wèi dì huáng wán) on a regular basis. For severe vacuity, Zingiberis Rhizoma Exsiccatum (gän jiäng) and Aconiti Tuber Laterale (fù zî) may also be used.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on back transport points, CV, SP, ST, and KI. Select BL-17 (gé shü, Diaphragm Transport) , BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , KI-3 (tài xï, Great Ravine) , and GV-4 (mìng mén, Life Gate) ; needle with supplementation and moxa.

shé dàn

A pale tongue indicates vacuity of qi and blood. A well-moistened pale enlarged tongue with accompanying cold signs indicates yang qi vacuity.

miàn sè dàn bái

A colorless complexion. ``Pale'' denotes the absence of color, whereas ``white'' is the color associated with the metal among the five phases. Compare somber white facial complexion and bright white facial complexion.

zhâng xïn dú

A clove sore in the middle of palm attributed to intense fire toxin in the heart or pericardium channel. A palm heart toxin sore starts with a small macule or papule that subsequently becomes a hard swollen blister with local pain and itching. The sore is deeply rooted. In severe cases, it is shiny and turns black, with severe local pain and swelling. It can fester and cause deep erosion into the sinew and bone. At this stage alternating heat~effusion and aversion to cold and loss of appetite may be observed. In the early stages, it can be treated by lancing the blister, and prescribing Immortal Formula Life-Giving Beverage (xiän fäng huó mìng yîn) plus Curcumae Longae Rhizoma (jiäng huáng) and Cinnamomi Ramulus (guì zhï).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on GV, LI, and PC. Select GV-12 (shën zhù, Body Pillar) , GV-10 (líng tái, Spirit Tower) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , BL-40 (wêi zhöng, Bend Center) , and PC-7 (dà líng, Great Mound) ; needle with drainage and prick PC-9 (zhöng chöng, Central Hub) to bleed. For alternating heat~effusion and aversion to cold, add GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) , and LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , See clove sore.

zhâng xïn fëng

Goose-foot wind limited to the heart of the palm. See goose-foot wind.

qiè zhên

One of the four examinations; the process of examining the surface of the body by touch to detect the presence of disease. The pulse examination, an essential part of routine examination, is the most common form of palpation. Palpation of other parts of the body is called body palpation. See pulse examination; body palpation.

jì xïn tòng

Synonym:  vacuity heart pain .

Heart pain associated with heart palpitations. Palpitation heart pain is an intermittent pain that likes pressure and heat, and that is exacerbated by hunger. The pulse is vacuous and weak.

Medication:  Supplement the heart and spleen using formulas such as Spleen-Returning Decoction (guï pí täng), Astragalus Center-Fortifying Decoction (huáng qí jiàn zhöng täng), and Mysterious Fragrance Powder (miào xiäng sân).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, BL, and PC. Select CV-17 (shän zhöng, Chest Center) , BL-15 (xïn shü, Heart Transport) , BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , BL-14 (jué yïn shü, Reverting Yin Transport) , CV-14 (jù què, Great Tower Gate) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , HT-5 (töng lî, Connecting Li) , PC-4 (xï mén, Cleft Gate) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) ; needle with supplementation and moxa.

xïn jì

heart palpitations; palpitations below the heart.

xïn xià jì

Definition: 

Palpitations felt in the region below the heart, i.e., in the stomach duct. From On Cold Damage (shäng hán lùn) ``After excessive promotion of sweating, when the person crosses his hands over the heart trying to press the palpitations below the heart, this is treated with Cinnamon Twig and Licorice Decoction (guì zhï gän câo täng).''

Definition:  heart palpitations.

chuân

Hasty, rapid, labored breathing with discontinuity between inhalation and exhalation, in severe cases with gaping mouth, raised shoulders, flaring nostrils, and inability to lie down. When associated with counterflow movement of qi, it is sometimes called panting counterflow. When breathing is usually rapid, it is sometimes called hasty panting. When in severe cases it is associated with raising of the shoulders and flaring nostrils, it is raised-shoulder breathing. Panting is a manifestation of impaired diffusion and downbearing of lung qi. Since the lung is the governor of qi and the kidney is the root of qi, panting is associated primarily with disease of the lung and or kidney. Panting occurs in repletion and vacuity. Repletion panting may occur when externally contracted wind-heat or wind-cold invade the lung, when depressed liver qi invades the lung, or when phlegm arising from spleen-lung vacuity obstructs the lung. Vacuity panting occurs in dual vacuity of lung yin and lung qi, and in failure of the kidney to absorb qi. Kidney vacuity with phlegm obstruction and yang vacuity water flood are vacuity-repletion complexes that may also give rise to panting. The difference between vacuity and repletion panting is succinctly elucidated in Jing-Yue's Complete Compendium (jîng yuè quán shü) as follows: ``In repletion panting, breathing is deep, and inhalation seems to be never-ending. In vacuity panting, breaths are short with a brief halt between inhalation and exhalation. In repletion panting, the chest feels distended, breathing is rough, and the voice is high and strident; the chest swells as if to burst, unable to contain all the breath it draws in, and relief from discomfort only comes with exhalation. In vacuity panting, the patient is distressed and anxious, and his voice is low and faint; he is panicky, feeling as if he is about to stop breathing; he is unable to catch his breath and feels as though the air is not being absorbed by the lungs; the short rapid breaths give the impression of panting as from exertion and relief is felt only when a long breath can be drawn.''

Comparison:  is noisy breathing that sometimes occurs with panting wheezing and panting(), but not on its own. The Orthodox Tradition of Medicine (yï xué zhèng zhuàn) states, ``Hasty panting with frog rale in the throat is called ``wheezing;'' hasty breathing with discontinuity between breaths is panting.''

Western Medical Concept:  dyspnea* asthma!bronchial*!acute attacks of emphysema*!pulmonary cardiac failure* dyspnea (classical repletion panting is seen in acute attacks of bronchial asthma, whereas vacuity panting occurs in pulmonary emphysema or dyspnea due to cardiac failure). See cold panting; heat panting; repletion panting; vacuity panting.

chuân nì with counterflow qi.

See panting.

rèn shën chuân during pregnancy.

It arises in patients usually suffering from lung qi vacuity, when during pregnancy water qi ascends and exploits the lung, or when externally contracted wind-cold impairs lung qi diffusion. It can also occur in retention of dead fetus with rushing upsurge, or when fire stirs the fetal origin and causes qi counterflow. The signs include phlegm panting with rapid breathing, and unquiet sleep.

Lung qi vacuity  (fèi qì xü) is characterized by sudden panting accompanied by lack of strength in the limbs.

Medication:  Supplement the lung and boost qi with variations of Pulse-Engendering Powder (shëng mài sân).

Wind-cold  (fëng hán) is characterized by heat~effusion and aversion to cold.

Medication:  Course wind and dissipate cold with Ginseng and Perilla Beverage (shën sü yîn).

Retention of dead fetus  (sî täi bù xià) is characterized by cessation of fetal movement, disappearance of the fetal heart beat, red face and green-blue tongue, and panting that prevents the patient from lying down.

Medication:  Make a decoction of Persicae Semen (táo rén), Paeoniae Radix Alba (bái sháo yào), Moutan Radicis Cortex (mû dän pí), Cinnamomi Cortex (ròu guì), Poria (fú líng), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (däng guï), and Ligustici Rhizoma (chuän xiöng).

Fire stirring qi counterflow  (huô dòng qì nì) causes panting with vexation, agitation, and heat~effusion.

Medication:  Use Scutellariae Radix (huáng qín) and Cyperi Rhizoma (xiäng fù zî) ground to a powder and mixed with water.

chuân míng

Wheezing or phlegm panting.

fëng zhên kuài

See dormant papules.

zhên

Any rounded elevation of the skin. Observed in maculopapular eruptions occurring in externally contracted disease, dormant papules, and other skin diseases. See maculopapular eruption; dormant papules.

fân zhì

Synonym:  coacting treatment .

The nonroutine principle of treating false signs with medicinals of opposite nature, e.g., treating heat with heat, cold with cold, the stopped by stopping, and flow by promoting flow. Treating cold with cold, for example, means using heavy does of heat-clearing toxin-resolving agents to treat exuberant heat in externally contracted febrile disease presenting with false signs of cold such as aversion to cold or shivering, and cold of the limbs. Compare straight treatment. etermpromotingflow??}

tän huàn

Loss of use of the limbs. Paralysis that is not the result of external injury is attributable to liver-kidney depletion and insufficiency of qi and blood with evil qi (e.g., wind, cold, dampness, heat, phlegm, and stasis) entering the channels and network vessels. In severe cases, the limbs becomes wilted and disabled, preventing all movement. In milder cases, although the patient can move his extremities, he cannot perform normal activities without assistance. Paralysis may affect all limbs, individual limbs, only the legs or only the arms, or the arm and leg of one side of the body or the other. Compare wilting; hemiplegia.

lüê jïn

The sinews that run down either side of the spine. The paravertebral sinews correspond to various different muscles in Western anatomy.

jiäo

Describes the burning and drying effect of heat, as in the expression ``lung heat parching the lobes.''

chún jiäo

See dry lips.

chî jiäo

Dry teeth. Parched teeth are attributed to damage to yin humor. If the teeth are grimy, the condition is due to kidney vacuity and exuberant fire before stomach yin is exhausted; otherwise it is attributable to major damage to stomach liquid, and desiccation of spleen-kidney yin.

piän shí

A special liking or craving for food of a particular flavor or food of excessively strong flavor. Elementary Questions (sù wèn) states, ``when one eats many salty foods, the vessels congeal and change color; when one eats many bitter foods, the skin becomes desiccated and its hair drops out; when one eats acrid foods to excess, the sinews become tense and the nails desiccated; when on eats too many sour foods, the skin becomes thick and wrinkled and the lips raised; when on eats too many sweet foods, the bones become painful and the hair drops out.'' Compare perverted appetite.

chuán

To move or be transmitted.

guän

A narrow gap permitting passage, as in throat pass.

chuán biàn

shift.

pái qì

Farting; breaking wind. Seen in abdominal fullness; qi stagnation; gastrointestinal accumulation; food damage; qi dysentery; small intestinal cough.

rù lî

enter the interior.

gäo

Synonym:  paste preparation .

Any semi-liquid or virtually solid pharmaceutical preparation. Distinction is made between rich paste, which are taken orally, and medicinal paste, which are applied topically. Rich pastes are made by reducing decoctions of agents to a thick consistency and then adding honey or rock candy. Medicinal pastes are made by adding powdered agents to heated mixtures of vegetable oil and wax. A plaster is a kind of topically applied medicinal paste that has to be softened by heating before being applied.

gäo jì

paste.

xié

evil.

bìng jï

The process by which a disease arises and develops.

Western Medical Concept:  etiology* etiology. See nineteen pathomechanisms.

qì dào

Any way or course traversed by qi.

zhèng

Synonym:  disease pattern .

A manifestation of human sickness indicating the nature, location, or cause of sickness. For example, the simultaneous presence of heat~effusion, aversion to cold, and floating pulse forms an exterior pattern due to an external contraction; vigorous heat~effusion, vexation and thirst, red tongue with yellow fur, and constipation constitutes an interior repletion pattern; wind stroke with clenched jaw, red face, rough breathing, phlegm-drool congestion, clenched hands, and a slippery stringlike or moderate sunken pulse constitutes a block pattern, whereas weak breathing, reversal cold in the limbs, pearly sweat, open mouth and closed eyes, open hands and enuresis, and faint fine pulse on the verge of expiration or sunken hidden pulse constitutes a desertion pattern. The concept of disease pattern is distinct from that of (as a specific kind of morbid condition). A disease may take the form of different patterns. Measles, for example, may take the form of a favorable or unfavorable pattern. A favorable pattern is characterized by a swift forceful eruption, indicating that body is putting up a strong fight against the measles toxin; an unfavorable pattern is characterized by a poor faltering eruption, indicating that the body is offering poor resistance. Treatment of measles varies according to pattern: favorable patterns are treated according to the principle of dispelling the evil, whereas unfavorable patterns also require right-supporting action to help the body's fight against the disease. See also sign and pattern identification.

biàn zhèng

Identification of disease patterns. Pattern identification is the process by which information gathered through four examinations (inspection, smelling and listening, inquiry, and palpation) is classified into different patterns. The first stage in the process is eight-principle pattern identification, in which four-examination data is classified as interior exterior, cold or heat, vacuity or repletion, and yin or yang. Depending on the results obtained, other pattern identification procedures are applied. See entries listed below. See also determine treatment by patterns identified.

Pattern Identification eight principle pattern identificationbä gäng biàn zhèng qi-blood pattern identificationqì xuè biàn zhèng organ pattern identificationzàng fû biàn zhèng disease-evil pattern identificationbìng xié biàn zhèng six-channel pattern identificationlìu jïng biàn zhèng four-aspect pattern identificationwèi qì yíng xuè biàn zhèng

xïn bäo

The pericardium or hand reverting yin pericardium channel.

táo huä xiân

blown blossom lichen.

êr zhü

Synonym:  ear gate ;

Synonym:  shelter ;

Synonym:  fleshy protuberance in front of the ear .

The tongue-like projection in front of the ear.

Western Medical Concept:  tragus* tragus.

què zhuó mài

See seven strange pulses.

bö täi

A patchy tongue fur interspersed with mirror-like, furless areas. This generally indicates insufficiency of yin humor and vacuous stomach qi. A peeling fur that is nontransforming and slimy indicates a complex pattern of untransformed phlegm-damp and damage to yin humor and stomach qi. A thick slimy fur that suddenly completely peels away indicates major damage to right qi.

jué lè

free ribs.

chöng mài

thoroughfare vessel.

yïn jïng

Synonym:  jade stem .

The male organ of copulation and urination.

bên câo

herbal foundation.

jiäo chuäng

A sore growing on the inner surface of the eyelid. A peppercorn sore is attributed to local contraction of wind toxin combining with accumulated heat in the spleen channel to cause stagnation in the network vessels of the eyelid and disharmony between qi and the blood. The sore is small and looks like a zanthoxylum fruit (``Sichuanese peppercorn''). It is associated with roughness and dryness, aversion to light, and tearing.

Western Medical Concept:  trachoma* trachoma.

Medication:  Dispel wind and clear heat; dissipate stasis and free the network vessels. An appropriate formula is Schizonepetae Herba et Flos (jïng jiè), Ledebouriellae Radix (fáng fëng), Paeoniae Radix Rubra (chì sháo yào), Scrophulariae Radix (xuán shën), Citri Exocarpium (chén pí), Cicadae Periostracum (chán tuì), Atractylodis Rhizoma (cäng zhú), Dictamni Radicis Cortex (bái xiän pí), Forsythiae Fructus (lián qiào), Rhei Rhizoma Crudum (shëng dà huáng), Magnoliae Cortex (hòu pò), Glycyrrhizae Radix (gän câo), and Pleioblasti Folium (kû zhú yè). In severe cases, without appropriate treatment, peppercorn sores may cause disease of the eye itself.

shèn

Disinhibit (especially dampness).

shèn shï

See disinhibiting water and percolating dampness.

xuän töng (

Of qi) to spread throughout.

xïn bäo luò

pericardium.

xïn bào zhèng

Any warm disease arising when warm evils invade the pericardium and manifesting in signs such as clouded spirit, delirious speech and manic agitation, and, in severe cases, by coma. Portending signs are agitation, somnolence, and trembling of the lip of the tongue. Warm evils usually, though not invariably, pass to the construction aspect before gradually falling inward to the pericardium. In some cases, such as that of what Western medicine calls infectious encephalitis B, the evil falls inward directly from the defense aspect without passing through the construction aspect. This is known as anticipated passage to the pericardium. Two main forms are identified. One is known as heat entering the pericardium, which is characterized by heat signs such as red to crimson tongue, and in most cases a burnt-yellow tongue. The other is a phlegm-damp pattern referred to as phlegm turbidity clouding the pericardium, which is marked by a grimy sticky slimy fur that covers what may or may not be a red or crimson tongue.

xïn bäo

Synonym:  pericardiac network vessel .

The outer covering of the heart. It is traditionally held that evils invading the heart first affect the pericardium, so that conditions such as ``clouded spirit'' (stupor) and delirious mania due to high fever were termed heat entering the pericardium. By contrast, mental derangement due to phlegm-damp was termed phlegm turbidity (the turbid aspect of phlegm) clouding the pericardium. Both these conditions are in reality heart diseases.

xïn bäo jïng

See hand reverting yin pericardium channel.

xïn bäo luò hé sän jiäo

The hand reverting yin and hand lesser yang triple burner channels are connected and stand in exterior-interior relationship with each other.

huì yïn

Synonym:  lower extreme ;

Synonym:  meeting of yin .

The area between two yin, i.e., between the external genitals and the anus.

yäo sè

See malign complexion.

zhí cì

Insertion of acupuncture needles into the flesh at 90 to the surface of the skin. This is the most common type of insertion, and is applied in fleshy areas of the body.

yáng qiáng

See yang rigidity.

è lù bù jìn

Flow of the lochia in excess of twenty days. Persistent flow of lochia is attributed to qi vacuity, blood heat, or blood stasis.

Qi vacuity  (qì xü) patterns arise when the containing action of qi is weakened so that the thoroughfare and controlling vessels become insecure. They are marked by copious pale thin lochia associated with somber white complexion, laziness to speak, and empty sagging of the smaller abdomen.

Medication:  Supplement qi and contain the blood with Origin-Lifting Brew (jû yuán jiän).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment on CV, SP, and ST. Select CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) ; needle with supplementation and add moxa.

Blood stasis  (xuè yü) patterns arise when residual blood has not been eliminated and causes static blood to obstruct the thoroughfare and controlling vessels. This pathomechanism is sometimes exacerbated by the contraction of cold. Blood stasis patterns are characterized by ungratifying rough scant flow of dark purple clotted lochia associated with smaller-abdominal pain.

Medication:  Transform stasis and stanch bleeding with Angelicae Sinensis Radix (däng guï), Ligustici Rhizoma (chuän xiöng), Leonuri Herba (yì mû câo), Zingiberis Rhizoma Tostum (páo jiäng), Corydalis Tuber (yán hú suô), and Carthami Flos (hóng huä).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment on CV and SP. Select CV-3 (zhöng jí, Central Pole) , CV-5 (shí mén, Stone Gate) , and SP-8 (dì jï, Earth's Crux) ; needle with drainage and, if appropriate, moxa.

Blood heat  (xuè rè) patterns arise when wearing of construction-yin causes internal vacuity heat that harasses the thoroughfare and controlling vessels and forces blood to flow downward. They are marked by copious red sticky fetid flow associated with tidal reddening of the face, and a rapid fine pulse.

Medication:  Nourish yin, clear heat, and stanch bleeding with variations of Yin-Safeguarding Brew (bâo yïn jiän).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment on CV and the three yin channels of the foot. Select CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , CV-3 (zhöng jí, Central Pole) , SP-10 (xuè hâi, Sea of Blood) , LR-6 (zhöng dü, Central Metropolis) , and KI-10 (yïn gû, Yin Valley) ; needle with drainage without moxa.

yuè shuî bù duàn

menstrual spotting.

là lì

See bald white scalp sore (white perverse crop) and fat sore sand heap perverse crop.

lì qì

Any qi that causes highly contagious diseases including all warm epidemics and certain external medical diseases. Perverse qi is transmitted through the air or by direct contact. See pestilential qi.

shì shí yì wù

Craving for strange foods. Eating of raw rice or earth in emaciated infants and children with abdominal distention and a lump in the umbilical region that moves when pushed is a sign of worm accumulation. This is as a result of eating unclean food. Craving for sour foods accompanied by absence of menstruation, nausea, and a harmonious slippery rapid pulse in sexually active women is a sign of pregnancy. Indulgence in sour foods in pregnancy is not considered harmful if kept in moderation, but, in severe cases, it may accompany signs of stomach vacuity, stomach heat, stomach cold, phlegm stagnation, or liver heat that require appropriate treatment. Compare partiality for certain foods.

lì

Definition: 

pestilential qi.

Definition:  Epidemic pestilence. Disease caused by pestilential qi; a violent contagious disease.

Definition:  pestilential wind (leprosy).

lì qì

Synonym:  epidemic pestilential qi ;

Synonym:  perverse qi ;

Synonym:  toxic qi ;

Synonym:  abnormal qi ;

Synonym:  miscellaneous qi .

Any disease evil that is highly contagious. Elementary Questions (sù wèn) states, ``When pestilence comes on a large scale, the people tend to die suddenly.'' It was formerly believed that pestilential qi resulted from abnormal weather conditions such as prolonged drought or extreme heat.

lì fëng

Synonym:  leprosy ;

Synonym:  great numbing wind ;

Synonym:  numbing wind ;

Synonym:  great wind ;

Synonym:  malign disease of great wind ;

Synonym:  lai great wind ;

Synonym:  pestilence .

A transmissible disease that is characterized by localized numbing and subsequent appearance of red patches which swell and rupture without suppuration and that may spread to other parts of the body, causing loss of the eyes, collapse of the nose, fissuring of the lips, and boring of holes in the soles of the feet. Pestilential wind is attributed to leprosy toxin stagnating in the skin and muscles.

Medication:  Dispel wind and transform dampness; quicken the blood and kill worms. First use Safeguard Unlimited Efficacy Elixir (bâo än wàn líng dän) to cause sweating and then use Wondrous Response Wind-Dispersing Powder (shén yìng xiäo fëng sân).

chî yín jié bàn

Gums that are patterned by the presence of coagulated blood observed in warm disease when evil causes frenetic movement of the blood and consequence spilling of the blood in the upper body. Distinction is made between purple and yellow petals. : Petals that are purple in color or as black as lacquer indicate exuberant yang brightness heat.

Medication:  Clear the stomach and engender liquid using White Tiger Decoction (bái hû täng) or Jade Lady Brew (yù nüê jiän). : Petals that are yellow brown in color indicate exhaustion of kidney yin and ascendant hyperactivity of vacuous yang.

Medication:  Rescue the kidney and nourish yin using Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Decoction (xï jiâo dì huáng täng) or Construction-Clearing Decoction (qïng yíng täng). Yellow petals are an unfavorable sign indicating that the disease is difficult to treat.

yän

The upper part of the throat, distinguished from the larynx.

Western Medical Concept:  pharynx*!oral part of oral part of the pharynx. Compare larynx; throat.

rén zhöng

The groove running between the nose and lips.

Western Medical Concept:  sulcus nasolabialis nasolabial groove (sulcus nasolabialis).

tán

Definition: 

A viscid substance traditionally understood to be a product and a cause of disease. Phlegm may gather in the lung, from where it can be expelled by coughing. However, phlegm as referred to in Chinese medicine is wider in meaning than sputum spoken of in Western medicine, and denotes a viscus fluid that can accumulate anywhere in the body causing a variety of diseases such as stroke, epilepsy, scrofula etc., but which in the absence of expectoration are usually characterized by a slimy tongue fur and a slippery or slippery stringlike pulse. Phlegm is a thick turbid substance that is distinguished from a thinner clearer form of accumulated fluid, rheum ( yin3), although the term ``phlegm'' is sometimes use to cover both. Phlegm and rheum may be the result of the impaired movement and transformation of fluids that is associated with morbidity of the lung, spleen, and kidney. Phlegm---but not rheum---may also result from the ``boiling'' of the fluids by depressed fire. Invasion of the six excesses, affect damage, and damage by food and drink may all affect the dynamic of bowels and visceral qi causing water humor to gather and form phlegm. The two most important of the five viscera in the formation of phlegm are the spleen and lung. Phlegm is the product of a transformation of fluids; most commonly it is the product of congealing water-damp. The spleen normally moves and transforms water-damp, but when its qi is weak or dampness evil is exuberant, the normal movement and transformation of water-damp is impaired, and dampness gathers to form phlegm. For this reason it is said that the spleen is the source of phlegm formation. It is said that ``obese people tend to suffer from phlegm.'' This saying can be explained by the observation that excessive consumption of sweet or fatty rich foods causes spleen dampness to gather (more at obesity). The lung is the upper source of water; it governs depurative downbearing and regulation of the waterways. When dampness and phlegm accumulate, these functions can be overloaded, so that phlegm collects in the lung; hence it is said that the lung is the receptacle that holds phlegm. Phlegm may also form in the lung when heat scorches lung liquid. Phlegm, however, appears not only in the lung; it can follow the upbearing and downbearing of qi and arrive at all places. Thus in addition to expectoration of phlegm, it can, depending on the organ or channel affected, cause vomiting of phlegm-drool, clouded spirit, mania and withdrawal, phlegm rale in the throat, numbness of the limbs, hemiplegia, scrofula, goiter, mammary aggregation, phlegm nodes, plum-pit qi, or dizziness. Phlegm in the lung causes cough, panting, and oppression in the chest. Clear thin phlegm indicates cold, whereas yellow or thick white phlegm indicates heat. Scant phlegm expectorated with difficulty signifies either heat or dryness. Copious phlegm that is easily expectorated indicates dampness. Coughing of fishy-smelling pus and phlegm generally indicates pulmonary welling-abscess in a pattern of toxic heat brewing in the lung. Expectoration of phlegm containing blood (or pure blood without phlegm) is attributed either to dryness-heat, vacuity fire, or lung heat damaging the network vessels; if the blood is purplish black, it indicates a blood stasis complication. Although many lung diseases lead to local collection of phlegm, it is only when the coughing up of phlegm is more pronounced than other signs that the condition is strictly described as a ``phlegm pattern.'' See cold phlegm; heat phlegm; dryness phlegm; phlegm-damp. See also phlegm-rheum. Phlegm in the spleen and stomach (also called damp-phlegm) causes easily expectorated phlegm often accompanied by abdominal distention, sloppy stool, yellow face, lassitude of spirit, heavy limbs, white slimy tongue fur, and moderate pulse. phlegm-rheum. Phlegm in the heart is said to cloud the orifices of the heart (consciousness) and is observed in externally contracted febrile disease and other diseases such as wind stroke. See phlegm confounding the orifices of the heart. Phlegm in the liver channel is phlegm being carried up by wind yang ascending counterflow (ascendant liver yang transforming into wind), causing sudden collapse, phlegm rale in the throat, and convulsions or hemiplegia, as observed in wind stroke or epilepsy. In binding depression of liver qi, liver qi that ascends counterflow can contend with phlegm so it binds in the throat causing a sensation of blockage by some foreign body known as ``plum pit qi'' or ``qi phlegm.'' Phlegm-drool ascending counterflow to the head can cause dizziness, hemilateral headache, deviated eyes and mouth, and hair loss. Depressed gallbladder-stomach heat engendering phlegm that ascends counterflow along the channels to harass clear yang causes dizziness, bitter taste in the mouth, tinnitus, vacuity vexation and insomnia, fright palpitations and profuse dreaming. Wind-phlegm surging up into the head can cause hemilateral headache or pain on one side of the face, or twitching of the eyes and mouth. Cold phlegm attacking the upper body gives rise to cold pain in the brain with a desire for warmth and an aversion to cold. Phlegm in the kidney channel is characterized by black complexion, lassitude of spirit, and phlegm with black flecks and a salty taste. Phlegm in the channels and network vessels of the exterior can cause numbness, or phlegm nodes (lumps of varying sizes under the skin without change of skin color) or breast lumps called mammary aggregation. Phlegm in the neck can cause scrofula or goiter. After contraction of cold-damp evil, the interstices, channels, and network vessels become blocked, and fluid gathers and binds to form phlegm. This phlegm may penetrate the sinew and bone, causing damp phlegm and cold phlegm patterns such as bone flat-abscess, crane's-knee phlegm, and flowing phlegm. See entries beginning with phlegm and wind-phlegm; cold phlegm; damp phlegm; heat phlegm; old phlegm; dryness phlegm; qi phlegm. The compound terms of phlegm with heat and damp take the form of both heat phlegm, damp phlegm and phlegm-heat, phlegm-damp. This difference seems to be only a matter of convention, e.g., damp phlegm leg qi but phlegm-damp headache.

Definition:  An abbreviation for flowing phlegm, as in ankle-boring phlegm.

tán jï

Accumulation of phlegm turbidity in the chest and diaphragm characterized by copious thick phlegm that is difficult to expectorate, dizziness, oppression in the chest with dull pain, and a slippery stringlike pulse.

Medication:  Open the chest and flush phlegm with formulas such as Phlegm-Abducting Decoction (dâo tán täng) or Dried Bamboo Sap Phlegm-Moving Pill (zhú lì yùn tán wán). When signs are severe, but both body and qi are replete, Drool-Controlling Elixir (kòng xián dän) may be used. For phlegm accumulating in the throat, ejection may be considered.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, ST, and PC. Select CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , CV-17 (shän zhöng, Chest Center) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , CV-22 (tiän tú, Celestial Chimney) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , and PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) ; needle with drainage and add moxa. Selection of points according to signs: For dizziness, add ST-8 (tóu wéi, Head Corner) , and ST-41 (jiê xï, Ravine Divide) .

tán jï xiè xiè

phlegm diarrhea.

tán jï ôu tù

phlegm vomiting.

Enduring water-rheum transforming into phlegm, which flows into the rib-side causing periodic pain. See rheum aggregation.

tán qì hù jié

Synonym:  phlegm and qi obstructing each other ;

Synonym:  binding depression of phlegm and qi .

Phlegm turbidity being caused to bind in the throat or chest by depressed qi. The main signs are plum-pit qi, glomus and oppression or scurrying pain in the chest and diaphragm, affect-mind depression, rashness, impatience, and irascibility. Other signs include cough with thick phlegm, sighing, and menstrual irregularities. The tongue is thick and slimy. The pulse is stringlike and slippery. See plum-pit qi.

tán qì jiäo zû

phlegm and qi binding together.

tán bì

See internal phlegm turbidity block.

tán méng xïn bäo

See phlegm confounding the orifices of the heart.

tán mí xïn qiào <

phlegm confounding>

Synonym:  phlegm clouding the pericardium ;

Synonym:  phlegm obstructing the orifices of the heart ;

Synonym:  phlegm turbidity clouding the pericardium .

A disease pattern arising when phlegm turbidity causes disturbance of the heart spirit. Phlegm confounding the orifices of the heart occurs in several different diseases. The main signs are a)~mental depression and dementia (withdrawal disease); b)~clouded spirit-mind seeming both conscious and unconscious (damp warmth); c)~sudden clouding collapse, unconsciousness, phlegm-drool foaming at the mouth, and convulsions of the limbs (epilepsy). Other signs include dull stagnant complexion, no thought of food and drink, soliloquy, indifferent expression, irregular behavior, oppression in the chest and copious phlegm, and phlegm rale in the throat.

Western Medical Concept:  encephalitis B* accident*!cerebrovascular cerebrovascular accident* schizophrenia* encephalitis*!epidemic epilepsy* dementia* schizophrenia; dementia; nervous system infections such as encephalitis B or epidemic encephalitis; epilepsy; cerebrovascular accident.

Withdrawal disease  (diän jí) is marked by mental depression with the gradual appearance of abnormal behavior, feeble-mindedness (dementia), and soliloquy that ceases when others notice.

Medication:  Flush phlegm and open the orifices. Use Phlegm-Abducting Decoction (dâo tán täng) with the judicious addition of Acori Rhizoma (shí chäng pú), Polygalae Radix (yuân zhì), and Cyperi Rhizoma (xiäng fù zî). For patients suffering from insomnia, add stir-fried Ziziphi Spinosi Semen (suän zâo rén), Biotae Semen (bâi zî rén), Poria cum Pini Radice et Cinnabare (zhü fú shén), Mastodi Ossis Fossilia (lóng gû), Ostreae Concha (mû lì), and Succinum (hû pò). For copious phlegm, add Brassicae Albae Semen (bái jiè zî), Gleditsiae Fructus (zào jiá), and Bambusae Succus Exsiccatus (zhú lì). For depressed phlegm transforming into heat, use Phlegm-Abducting Decoction (dâo tán täng) plus Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam (zhú rú), Coptidis Rhizoma (huáng lián), and Rhei Rhizoma (dà huáng), or combined with Alum and Curcuma Pill (bái jïn wán).

Acupuncture:  The main points used to sweep phlegm and open the orifice are CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , GV-26 (rén zhöng, Human Center) , and PC-5 (jiän shî, Intermediary Courier) ; needle with drainage. For withdrawal disease, add GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , HT-7 (shén mén, Spirit Gate) , PC-7 (dà líng, Great Mound) , and LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) .

Damp warmth  (shï wën) is marked by indifferent expression and clouded spirit. The patient is sometimes conscious and sometimes unconscious, or seems both conscious and unconscious. Sometimes there is delirious speech. Generalized heat~effusion is present, but not high.

Medication:  Flush phlegm and open the orifices. Use Acorus and Curcuma Decoction (chäng pú yù jïn täng) with judicious addition of Coicis Semen (yì yî rén), Amomi Cardamomi Fructus (bái dòu kòu), Polyporus (zhü líng), Poria (fú líng), Alismatis Rhizoma (zé xiè), Tetrapanacis Medulla (töng câo), Eupatorii Herba (pèi lán), and Coptidis Rhizoma (huáng lián).

Acupuncture:  To the main point listed above in the treatment for withdrawal disease add PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , and SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) .

Epilepsy  (xián) is characterized by a sudden clouding collapse and unconsciousness convulsions of the limbs, phlegm rale in the throat, phlegm-drool foaming at the mouth, and in some cases the emission of a squeal like a goat's or a pig's. The patient soon regains consciousness.

Medication:  Treat with Fit-Settling Pill (dìng xián wán) with the judicious addition of Curcumae Tuber (yù jïn), Brassicae Albae Semen (bái jiè zî), Scolopendra (wú göng), and Concha Margaritifera (zhën zhü mû).

Acupuncture:  To the main points listed above, add GV-16 (fëng fû, Wind Mansion) , CV-15 (jïu wêi, Turtledove Tail) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , and LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) .

tán yöng yí jïng

Seminal emission attributed to phlegm congestion. Phlegm congestion seminal emission arises when prolonged thought causes qi to bind and produce phlegm, which confounds the orifices and causes disquietude of essence-spirit.

Medication:  Abduct phlegm using Polyporus Pill (zhü líng wán), which contains Polyporus (zhü líng) and Pinelliae Tuber (bàn xià).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on back transport points, CV, ST, HT, and SP. Select BL-15 (xïn shü, Heart Transport) , BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , HT-7 (shén mén, Spirit Gate) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , and PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) ; needle with even supplementation and drainage. See seminal emission; dream emission; seminal efflux; damp-heat seminal emission.

tán bì

Constipation attributed to damp phlegm obstructing the stomach and intestines. Phlegm constipation is associated with glomus and oppression in the chest and rib-side, panting and fullness, dizziness, sweating from the head, and rumbling intestines.

Medication:  Transform phlegm and free the bowels using formulas such as Two Matured Ingredients Decoction (èr chén täng) plus Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (zhî shí), Rhei Rhizoma (dà huáng), Brassicae Albae Semen (bái jiè zî), and Bambusae Succus Exsiccatus (zhú lì). Severe cases can be treated with Drool-Controlling Elixir (kòng xián dän).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment on alarm, back transport, and lower uniting points of LI, and on CV, ST, and SP. Select BL-25 (dà cháng shü, Large Intestine Transport) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , ST-37 (shàng jù xü, Upper Great Hollow) , TB-6 (zhï göu, Branch Ditch) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , and SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) ; needle with drainage. Selection of points according to signs: For glomus and oppression in the chest and rib-side, add CV-17 (shän zhöng, Chest Center) and PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) . For dizziness, add ST-8 (tóu wéi, Head Corner) , and ST-41 (jiê xï, Ravine Divide) . For panting and fullness, , and CV-17 (shän zhöng, Chest Center) .

tán ké caused by exuberant phlegm.

A phlegm cough is a heavy turbid-sounding cough characterized by copious phlegm that is easily expectorated and relieved by expectoration. It is associated with oppression in the chest, reduced food intake, white slimy tongue fur, and a slippery floating pulse. It is attributed to phlegm-damp brewing internally and ascending to affect the lung.

Western Medical Concept:  bronchitis*!chronic chronic bronchitis* emphysema*!pulmonary bronchodilatation* This pattern may be observed in chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, and bronchodilatation.

Medication:  Use Two Matured Ingredients Decoction (èr chén täng), add Armeniacae Semen (xìng rén), Fritillariae Bulbus (bèi mû), Asteris Radix et Rhizoma (zî wân), and Tussilaginis Flos (kuân döng huä).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LU, SP, and ST. Select BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , CV-17 (shän zhöng, Chest Center) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , LU-9 (tài yuän, Great Abyss) , SP-3 (tài bái, Supreme White) , and ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) ; needle with drainage or with even supplementation and drainage, and, if appropriate, add moxa.

tán shï

Conditions arising when dampness gathers to form phlegm and characterized by signs of both phlegm and dampness. See the following entries.

tán shï ké sòu

phlegm cough.

tán shï tóu tòng attributed to phlegm-

damp clouding the upper body. Phlegm-damp headache is a headache with heavy head as if swathed, fullness and oppression in the chest and stomach duct, regular bouts of nausea and vomiting producing copious phlegm, white slimy tongue fur, and slippery pulse.

Medication:  Transform phlegm and dispel dampness with formulas such as Phlegm-Abducting Decoction (dâo tán täng) which can be combined with Ligusticum and Asarum Decoction (xiöng xïn täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV and ST. Select ST-8 (tóu wéi, Head Corner) , , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , and ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) ; needle with drainage. For fullness and oppression in the chest and stomach duct, add CV-17 (shän zhöng, Chest Center) , and PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , See headache.

tán shï bù yùn

Infertility attributed to phlegm-damp affecting the thoroughfare and controlling vessels and obstructing the uterine vessels. Phlegm-damp infertility is observed in obese women who indulge in rich foods and is usually associated with copious vaginal discharge and menstrual irregularities.

Medication:  Fortify the spleen and dry dampness; transform phlegm. Use formulas like Atractylodes and Cyperus Phlegm-Abducting Pill (cäng fù dâo tán wán).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, SP, and ST. Select CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , ST-30 (qì chöng, Qi Thoroughfare) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , and SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) ; needle with supplementation and add moxa. For copious vaginal discharge, add GB-26 (dài mài, Girdling Vessel) and BL-30 (bái huán shü, White Ring Transport) . See infertility.

tán shï zû fèi

Disturbance of diffusion and downbearing of lung qi attributed to phlegm-damp congesting the lung. The lung is the receptacle that holds phlegm, whereas the spleen is the source of phlegm formation. When splenic movement is impaired, dampness gathers and forms phlegm, which affects the lung. Phlegm-damp obstructing the lung manifests as cough and panting exacerbated by physical movement, phlegm-drool congestion, thin white phlegm that is easily expectorated, fullness and oppression in the chest and diaphragm, a slimy or glossy white tongue fur and a moderate soggy pulse.

Western Medical Concept:  bronchitis*!chronic chronic bronchitis* asthma*!bronchial bronchial asthma* This pattern is observed in chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma.

Medication:  Use Two Matured Ingredients Decoction (èr chén täng) combined with Stomach-Calming Powder (píng wèi sân) and Three-Seed Filial Devotion Decoction (sän zî yâng qïn täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LU, SP, and ST. Select BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , LU-5 (chî zé, Cubit Marsh) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , CV-22 (tiän tú, Celestial Chimney) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , CV-17 (shän zhöng, Chest Center) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , LU-9 (tài yuän, Great Abyss) , SP-3 (tài bái, Supreme White) , and ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) ; needle with supplementation and moxa, if appropriate.

Comparison:  is similar, but associated with thick sticky phlegm. See phlegm turbidity. See also phlegm obstructing the network vessels of the lung.

tán yù

A phlegm pattern caused by phlegm and qi becoming depressed and bound, and characterized by panting on exertion, cough, oppression in the chest, blockage in the throat, and a pulse that is sunken and slippery.

Medication:  Flush phlegm and resolve depression, using Phlegm Depression Decoction (tán yù täng).

tán xiè

Synonym:  phlegm accumulation diarrhea .

From Phlegm Depression Decoction (yï xué rù mén)}. Diarrhea arising when phlegm accumulating in the lung affects the large intestine through interior-exterior relationship between the two organs. Phlegm diarrhea is an intermittent form of diarrhea with the passing of sticky matter like egg-white, and associated with dizziness and nausea, oppression in the chest and abdominal fullness, and a slippery stringlike pulse.

Medication:  Transform phlegm and dispel dampness with a combination of Two Matured Ingredients Decoction (èr chén täng) and Stomach-Calming Powder (píng wèi sân). For spleen vacuity engendering phlegm, use Bupleurum and Peony Six Gentlemen Decoction (chái sháo lìu jün zî täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, ST, and SP. Select CV-13 (shàng wân, Upper Stomach Duct) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , LU-5 (chî zé, Cubit Marsh) , and LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) ; needle with drainage and add moxa. For spleen vacuity engendering phlegm, add BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) and LR-13 (zhäng mén, Camphorwood Gate) , needling with supplementation and adding moxa.

tán xián

Phlegm-rheum, especially thin white, usually copious fluid ejected via the mouth. ``Phlegm'' refers to thick fluid, whereas ``drool'' refers to thin fluid. See phlegm vomiting.

tán xián yöng shèng

Exuberant phlegm-drool impeding respiration. Phlegm-drool congestion is observed in wind stroke patterns, block patterns, phlegm-damp obstructing the lung, phlegm epilepsy, throat wind, and welling-abscess of the throat.

tán xián

Epilepsy attributed to fright or fear in individuals suffering from phlegm-heat. Phlegm epilepsy is characterized by sudden collapse, fright, shouting, phlegm-drool congestion, and phlegm foaming at the mouth.

Medication:  Dispel phlegm and clear heat with Phlegm-Rolling Pill (gûn tán wán).

Acupuncture:  Use the general points for epilepsy, and further needle CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , and ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) .

tán huô

Definition: 

Phlegm in the lung that is made sticky and lumpy by the action of fire. Phlegm-fire is not usually manifest in overt signs, but external contractions and damage by food and drink can bring on episodes of wheezing and panting, with phlegm that is difficult to expectorate, heat vexation and pain in the chest, and dry mouth and lips.

Definition:  A phlegm node behind the ears or under the armpit having the appearance of rosary beads and being hard and of fixed location. A phlegm-fire is accompanied by a red tongue with yellow fur and a rapid stringlike pulse. It is the result of liver fire and depressed phlegm.

tán huô xuàn yün attributed to phlegm turbidity with fire clouding clear yang in the upper body.

The dizziness is associated with heavy distended eyes, and is accompanied by heart vexation, nausea, and upflow and ejection of phlegm-drool, bitter taste in the mouth, reddish urine, slimy yellow tongue fur, and a slippery stringlike pulse.

Medication:  Transform phlegm and downbear fire using formulas such as Upper-Body-Clearing Pill (qïng shàng wán) or Coptis Gallbladder-Warming Decoction (huáng lián wën dân täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on ST and LI. Select ST-8 (tóu wéi, Head Corner) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , ST-41 (jiê xï, Ravine Divide) , HT-8 (shào fû, Lesser Mansion) , PC-7 (dà líng, Great Mound) , and LR-2 (xíng jiän, Moving Between) . Needle with drainage or prick to bleed with three-edged needle. See dizziness.

tán huô zhëng chöng (

severe heart palpitations) attributed to phlegm-fire, and usually occurring in periodic attacks.

Medication:  Clear the heart and abduct phlegm using formulas such as Coptis Gallbladder-Warming Decoction (huáng lián wën dân täng). See fearful throbbing; heart palpitations.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on HT, PC, back transport points and ST. Select HT-7 (shén mén, Spirit Gate) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , BL-15 (xïn shü, Heart Transport) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , LU-5 (chî zé, Cubit Marsh) , and ST-44 (nèi tíng, Inner Court) ; needle with drainage.

tán huô râo xïn

A disease pattern that arises when affect-mind frustration causes qi depression that transforms into fire, which in turn condenses humor into phlegm, and the phlegm and fire bind together and harass the heart spirit. The chief signs are heart palpitations, vexation and sleeplessness or affect-mind abnormalities or manic agitation, or clouded spirit and delirious speech, vigorous heat~effusion, and phlegm rale. Other signs include red face and rough breathing, thirst with liking for cold drinks, oppression in the chest and copious phlegm, coughing of thick yellow phlegm, reddish urine and constipation, incoherent speech, abnormal crying and laughing, beating people and smashing objects, chiding and cursing regardless of who is present, dizziness, and profuse dreaming. The tongue with red with slimy yellow fur. The pulse is slippery and rapid.

Analysis:  Phlegm and fire binding together and harassing the heart spirit can give rise to a variety of different signs. In mild cases, there is disquieted heart spirit with heart palpitations, heart vexation, sleeplessness, and profuse dreaming. In severe cases, the spirit loses its governing, causing incoherent speech, abnormal crying and laughing, manic agitation, and beating people and smashing objects. Phlegm heat blocking the pericardium deranges the heart spirit, hence the clouded spirit and delirious speech. Exuberant fire causes rough breathing. Fire by nature flames upward, hence the red face. When the brain is affected, there is dizziness. Intense evil heat steams out to the outer body, hence there is vigorous heat~effusion. Phlegm-heat obstructs qi dynamic, hence oppression in the chest and copious phlegm. When phlegm blocks the airways, it is stirred by the breath, causing phlegm rale in the throat. Exuberant heat damages liquid, hence the thirst and liking for cold drinks, and the reddish urine and constipation. The red tongue with slimy yellow fur and the slippery rapid pulse are signs of exuberant internal phlegm-fire.

Western Medical Concept:  schizophrenia* schizophrenia.

Medication:  Clear the heart and drain fire; sweep phlegm and open the orifices. Use Chlorite/Mica Phlegm-Rolling Pill (méng shí gûn tán wán), Iron Flakes Beverage (shëng tiê luò yîn), Peaceful Palace Bovine Bezoar Pill (än göng níu huáng wán), or Gallbladder-Warming Decoction (wën dân täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on HT, PC, ST, and GV. Select BL-15 (xïn shü, Heart Transport) , HT-7 (shén mén, Spirit Gate) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , GV-26 (rén zhöng, Human Center) , KI-1 (yông quán, Gushing Spring) , PC-8 (láo göng, Palace of Toil) , HT-8 (shào fû, Lesser Mansion) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , LU-5 (chî zé, Cubit Marsh) , and ST-44 (nèi tíng, Inner Court) ; needle with drainage; PC-9 (zhöng chöng, Central Hub) and HT-9 (shào chöng, Lesser Surge) can be pricked to bleed.

tán huô tóu tòng caused by phlegm-

fire ascending counterflow. Phlegm-fire headache is a headache with ringing in the brain or a hemilateral headache attended by fullness and oppression in the chest and stomach duct, nausea and vomiting, upflow and ejection of phlegm-drool, heart vexation, irascibility, red face, thirst, constipation, slimy yellow tongue fur, and a slippery surging pulse.

Medication:  Transform phlegm and drain fire with formulas like Chlorite/Mica Phlegm-Rolling Pill (méng shí gûn tán wán).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV and ST. Select ST-8 (tóu wéi, Head Corner) , , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , and ST-44 (nèi tíng, Inner Court) ; needle with drainage. For fullness and oppression in the chest and stomach duct, add CV-17 (shän zhöng, Chest Center) , and PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) . For nausea and vomiting, add PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , and SP-4 (göng sün, Yellow Emperor) , See headache.

tan=

2 huo=3 ci=4 (clenched jaw, arched-back rigidity, convulsions) attributed to phlegm-fire congestion. Phlegm-fire tetany is characterized by pulling of the eyes and mouth, tremor, shaking, or convulsive spasm of the extremities, generalized heat~effusion, cough with copious phlegm, and a rapid surging pulse.

Medication:  Clear heat and drain fire; sweep phlegm and resolve tetany. Use formulas such as Dragon-Embracing Pill (bào lóng wán).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on ST, GV, PC, TB and LI. Select ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , ST-44 (nèi tíng, Inner Court) , LR-2 (xíng jiän, Moving Between) , GV-26 (shuî göu, Water Trough) , GV-8 (jïn suö, Sinew Contraction) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , TB-5 (wài guän, Outer Pass) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , and LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) ; needle with drainage.

tán huô êr míng

See tinnitus.

tán pî (

a localized feeling of fullness and blockage) attributed to congealing and binding of phlegm and qi and arising when water-rheum gathers to form phlegm and blocks the pathways of qi. Phlegm glomus is characterized by fullness, oppression, and blockage in the chest, rib-side pain, vomiting, cold sensation below the heart, and the sound of water on application of pressure. In some cases, there may be heat~effusion or numbness of the limbs.

Medication:  Rectify qi and transform phlegm with formulas such as Two Matured Ingredients Decoction (èr chén täng) with the addition of Amomi Semen seu Fructus (shä rén) and Aurantii Fructus (zhî ké).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on ST, CV, and PC. Select CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , CV-17 (shän zhöng, Chest Center) , and LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) ; needle with drainage.

tán rè

Phlegm and heat arising when external evils invade, transform into heat, which then combines with existing phlegm or damages liquid and condenses it into phlegm.

tán rè jié xiöng

major chest bind.

tán rè yöng fèi

phlegm-heat obstructing the lung.

tán rè zû fèi

Synonym:  phlegm-

heat congesting the lung .

A disease pattern arising when phlegm-heat congests the lung and gives rise to panting and cough. External evils that have invaded become depressed in the lung and transform into heat. The heat damages lung liquid and condenses it to form phlegm, which in turn binds with the heat. The resultant combination of phlegm and heat then congests the network vessels of the lung. The chief signs of phlegm-heat obstructing the lung are cough and panting, thick yellow phlegm, and vigorous heat~effusion. Other signs include thirst, vexation and agitation, flaring nostrils, expectoration of blood, spontaneous external bleeding, oppression in the chest, coughing up of purulent phlegm and blood with fishy smell, dry bound stool, and short voidings of reddish urine.

Western Medical Concept:  bronchitis*!acute acute bronchitis* pneumonia* asthma*!bronchial This pattern is observed in acute bronchitis, pneumonia, pulmonary emphysema with infection, and bronchial asthma with infection.

Analysis:  When phlegm heat congests in the lung, it causes lung qi to ascend counterflow, hence cough. The heat condenses humor into phlegm, hence the thick yellow phlegm. When depuration is hampered, there is labored breathing and flaring nostrils. When phlegm-heat scorches yin liquid, there is thirst, short voidings of reddish urine, and dry bound stool. When phlegm-heat harasses the heart spirit, there is vexation and agitation. When it damages the network vessels of the lung, blood spills out, and there is nosebleed or expectoration of blood. When phlegm-heat obstructs the network vessels of the lung, causing qi stagnation and blood congestion, there is oppression in the chest. Bad blood and putrid flesh suppurate, hence the coughing up of fishy-smelling purulent phlegm. The red tongue with yellow slimy fur and the slippery rapid pulse are both signs of phlegm-heat congesting internally.

Medication:  Clear and drain phlegm-heat. Use Mulberry Root Bark Decoction (säng bái pí täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LU, LI, and ST. Select BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , LU-7 (liè quë, Broken Sequence) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , CV-17 (shän zhöng, Chest Center) , LU-5 (chî zé, Cubit Marsh) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , and KI-6 (zhào hâi, Shining Sea) ; needle with drainage and prick LU-11 (shào shäng, Lesser Shang) and LI-1 (shäng yáng, Shang Yang) to bleed.

Comparison:  Phlegm turbidity obstructing the lung: Phlegm-heat congesting the lung and phlegm turbidity obstructing the lung involve phlegm obstructing the network vessels of the lung and impaired depurative downbearing of lung qi that cause cough, panting, and rapid breathing. However, phlegm-heat is marked by thick yellow phlegm and vigorous heat~effusion, whereas phlegm turbidity obstructing the lung is characterized by copious white sticky phlegm that is easy to expectorate. Liver fire invading the lung: Phlegm-heat congesting the lung and liver fire invading the lung share signs of cough, panting, and generalized heat~effusion. However, phlegm-lung congesting the lung is marked by thick yellow phlegm that is not easy to expectorate, whereas liver fire invading the lung is characterized by distention and fullness in the chest and rib-side, vexation, agitation and irascibility, as well as red face and eyes. See phlegm obstructing the network vessels of the lung.

tán è

Hiccough attributed to phlegm turbidity obstruction, characterized by the sound of phlegm, and attended by oppression in the chest and inhibited breathing.

Medication:  Transform phlegm and move qi using formulas such as Phlegm-Abducting Decoction (dâo tán täng). If there are signs of phlegm heat, use Pinellia and Scutellaria Pill (bàn huáng wán).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, PC, ST and LR. Select BL-17 (gé shü, Diaphragm Transport) , CV-17 (shän zhöng, Chest Center) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , and LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) ; needle with drainage. See hiccough. Compare heat hiccough.

tán líu jïng luò

The presence of phlegm in the channels giving rise to goiter, phlegm nodes, and scrofula, all of which are relatively soft to the touch.

tán líu xiöng xié

Phlegm lodged in the chest and rib-side is composed of stubborn phlegm and accumulated rheum that form a soft mass called an ``afflux pouch.'' Phlegm lodged in the chest and rib-side is characterized by pain in the chest and rib-side exacerbated by coughing, panting, and turning over in bed, There is rapid breathing and expectoration of white phlegm and drool. There may also be fullness and distention in the chest and rib-side, swelling of the face, and a stringlike sunken pulse.

Medication:  Transform rheum and expel phlegm. Commonly used rheum-transforming agents include Ephedrae Herba (má huáng), Cinnamomi Ramulus (guì zhï), Asiasari Herba cum Radice (xì xïn), Zingiberis Rhizoma Exsiccatum (gän jiäng), Aconiti Tuber Laterale (fù zî), and Brassicae Albae Semen (bái jiè zî). Phlegm-expelling medicinals include Descurainiae seu Lepidii Semen (tíng lì zî), Kansui Radix (gän suì), Euphorbiae seu Knoxiae Radix (dà jî), and Pharbitidis Semen (qiän níu zî). A commonly used formula is Minor Green-Blue Dragon Decoction (xiâo qïng lóng täng), which can be combined with Tingli and Jujube Lung-Draining Decoction (tíng lì dà zâo xiè fèi täng) or Drool-Controlling Elixir (kòng xián dän).

tán líu zhï tî

Any condition characterized by numbness and pain in the upper or lower limbs, or in one limb, unaccompanied by any signs of blood vacuity or wind-cold-damp impediment , and characterized by a white slimy tongue fur and slippery pulse.

Medication:  Pathfinder Poria (Hoelen) Pill (zhî mí fú líng wán) can eliminate phlegm from the channels and network vessels of the limbs.

tán nüè with signs of depressed phlegm.

Phlegm malaria is characterized by alternating heat~effusion and aversion to cold with more heat~effusion than cold, headache, twitching of the flesh, vomiting of phlegm-drool, and a slippery stringlike pulse. In severe cases, there may be coma and convulsions.

Western Medical Concept:  malaria*!cerebral cerebral malaria.

Medication:  Transform phlegm and eliminate malaria using formulas such as Bupleurum Stomach-Calming Brew (chái píng jiän) or Phlegm-Abducting Decoction (dâo tán täng) and variations. Exuberant heat with abdominal fullness and dry bound stool can be precipitated with Major Bupleurum Decoction (dà chái hú täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on GV, SI, PC, CV, and ST. Select GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) , GV-13 (táo dào, Kiln Path) , SI-3 (hòu xï, Back Ravine) , PC-5 (jiän shî, Intermediary Courier) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , and ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) ; needle with drainage. For exuberant heat with abdominal fullness and dry bound stool, add ST-44 (nèi tíng, Inner Court) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , and LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) ,

tán hé

Any lump below the skin that feels soft and slippery under the finger, is associated with no redness, pain, or swelling, and (unlike scrofula) does not suppurate.

yân bäo tán hé

A hard lump growing out of the eyelid that is not painful when pressed and moves when pushed. A phlegm node of the eyelid is initially about the size of a rice grain, but gradually grows large to cause swelling and sagging of the eyelid. It is attributed to damp-heat brewing in the spleen and stomach.

Western Medical Concept:  chalazion* chalazion.

Medication:  Transform phlegm and dissipate binds. A representative formula is Stomach-Clearing Decoction (qïng wèi täng), which contains Gardeniae Fructus (shän zhï zî), Aurantii Fructus (zhî ké), Perillae Fructus (zî sü zî), Gypsum (shí gäo), Coptidis Rhizoma Sichuanensis (chuän huáng lián), Citri Exocarpium (chén pí), Forsythiae Fructus (lián qiào), Angelicae Sinensis Radicis Extremitas (däng guï wêi), Schizonepetae Flos (jïng jiè suì), Scutellariae Radix (huáng qín), Ledebouriellae Radix (fáng fëng), and Glycyrrhizae Radix Cruda (shëng gän câo). Apply Arisaematis Rhizoma Crudum (shëng nán xïng) ground with vinegar, which can be frequently applied to the affected area. Large nodes are most effectively treated by surgery. A small incision made in the flesh permits the yellow phlegm node to squeezed out.

tán zû fèi luò <

phlegm obstructing the network vessels> Obstruction of the lung by phlegm, occurring when an external evil impairs the lung's function of distributing fluids, and allows fluids to gather to form phlegm. It is characterized by exuberant phlegm, counterflow qi, panting and cough, etc. The term ``network vessels of the lung'' would appear to mean the bronchioles. See phlegm-heat obstructing the lung; phlegm-damp obstructing the lung.

tán zû xïn qiào

See phlegm confounding the orifices of the heart.

tán chuân

From Dan Xi's Experiential Methods (dän xï xïn fâ) Panting attributed to phlegm turbidity congestion the lung, occurring when phlegm-damp brews in the lung and obstructs the airways. Phlegm panting is characterized by hasty breathing with rale, cough, ungratifying expectoration of thick slimy phlegm, and fullness and oppression in the chest.

Medication:  Dispel phlegm, downbear qi, and calm panting with formulas such as Two Matured Ingredients Decoction (èr chén täng), Thousand Strings of Cash Decoction (qiän mín täng), Phlegm-Rolling Pill (gûn tán wán), and Perilla Fruit Qi-Downbearing Decoction (sü zî jiàng qì täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LU, ST and CV. CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , LU-1 (zhöng fû, Central Treasury) , BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , CV-22 (tiän tú, Celestial Chimney) , LU-5 (chî zé, Cubit Marsh) , and (one body-inch to the side of C); needle with drainage. Select

tán zhèng

Any pattern caused by phlegm or drool accumulating and lodged within the body. See phlegm.

tán zhèng zì hàn

Spontaneous sweating attributed to phlegm turbidity causing internal obstruction of yang qi. In such patterns, spontaneous sweating is accompanied by phlegm signs such as dizziness, oppression in the chest, nausea, and ejection of phlegm drool.

Medication:  Regulate the center and transform phlegm. Use Fuuzhou Ligusticum Decoction (fû xiöng täng) or Qi-Rectifying Phlegm-Downbearing Decoction (lî qì jiàng tán täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, ST, PC, LI, and SI. Select CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) ; and SI-3 (hòu xï, Back Ravine) ; needle with even supplementation and drainage or with drainage, and, if necessary, add moxa.

tán bäo

Synonym:  gourd tongue .

A swelling on the under surface of the tongue shaped like a gourd, smooth and soft to the touch, and yellow in color. Phlegm pouch hampers eating and speech. When it bursts, it exudes a thick sticky phlegm-like substance similar to egg-white, and sometimes like soy-bean dregs. It tends to recur and resist healing.

Western Medical Concept:  ranula* ptyalocele*!sublingual ranula (sublingual ptyalocele). It should be cut open with sharp scissors to allow the pus to drain. Borneol and Borax Powder (bïng péng sân) should be applied by insufflation, and heat-clearing phlegm-transforming formulas such as Two Matured Ingredients Decoction (èr chén täng) plus Coptidis Rhizoma (huáng lián), Scutellariae Radix (huáng qín), Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam (zhú rú), and Taraxaci Herba cum Radice (pú göng yïng) should be prescribed as oral medication.

tán míng

An abnormal breathing sound produced by the presence of phlegm in the airways. In wheezing panting patterns, a continuous rale that sounds like the croaking of frogs is called frog rale in the throat. This is usually a sign of cold rheum due to phlegm-rheum in the inner body and cold evil in the outer body. In conditions of coma or certain blockages of the throat, a phlegm rale is described as having the rasping sound of a saw.

tán jué

A reversal pattern arising when exuberant phlegm causes a qi block and reversal cold in the limbs, and, in severe cases, clouding reversal (syncope).

Medication:  Transform phlegm and downbear qi. If oral medication cannot be administered, use mechanical ejection to treat the tip. Then oral medication should be given to clear and downbear or to warm and dissipate, dry dampness, and supplement the spleen and kidney. Oral formulas include Emergency Drool-Thinning Powder (jí jìu xï xián sân), Six Gentlemen Decoction (lìu jün zî täng), and Six Gentlemen Metal and Water Brew (jïn shuî lìu jün jiän).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment on CV and ST. Select CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , CV-15 (jïu wêi, Turtledove Tail) , CV-22 (tiän tú, Celestial Chimney) , PC-8 (láo göng, Palace of Toil) , and PC-5 (jiän shî, Intermediary Courier) ; needle with drainage and add moxa. See reversal pattern.

tán jué tóu tòng attributed to phlegm turbidity ascending counterflow.

Phlegm reversal headache is a splitting headache associated with dizziness, generalized heaviness, disquieted heart spirit, topsy-turvy speech, oppression in the chest, nausea, pronounced heart vexation and hasty rapid breathing, upflow of phlegm and drool or clear watery fluid, reversal cold of the limbs, and a slippery stringlike pulse.

Medication:  Transform phlegm and harmonize the center. Use formulas such as Pinellia, Ovate Atractylodes, and Gastrodia Decoction (bàn xià bái zhú tiän má täng) or Ligusticum and Asarum Phlegm-Abducting Decoction (xiöng xïn dâo tán täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV and ST. Select ST-8 (tóu wéi, Head Corner) , , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , PC-5 (jiän shî, Intermediary Courier) , and SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) ; needle with drainage. See headache.

tán yîn

Accumulation of fluid in the body. ``Phlegm'' denotes thick pathological fluids, whereas ``rheum'' denotes thinner pathological fluids. In practice, the term phlegm-rheum has two specific meanings: Any form of rheum (i.e., thin fluid), arising as a result of lung, spleen, or kidney disturbances preventing the normal transportation and transformation of fluid, and treated by warming and supplementing the spleen and kidney to secure the root and by disinhibiting water and expelling rheum to address the branches. See suspended rheum; propping rheum; spillage rheum; lodged rheum; deep-lying rheum; flowing rheum.

Synonym:  flowing rheum .

One of the four rheums. Rheum lodged in the stomach and intestines. Phlegm-rheum is characterized by sloppy stool, poor appetite, ejection of foamy drool, and emaciation occurring in obese people. In some cases there may be heart palpitations and shortness of breath.

Medication:  Warm yang and transform rheum with formulas such as Poria (Hoelen), Cinnamon Twig, Ovate Atractylodes, and Licorice Decoction (líng guì zhú gän täng) or Golden Coffer Kidney Qi Pill (jïn guì shèn qì wán).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, ST, BL, and SI. Select CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , BL-64 (jïng gû, Capital Bone) , SI-3 (hòu xï, Back Ravine) , and BL-62 (shën mài, Extending Vessel) ; needle with even supplementation and drainage and moxa can be added. Selection of points according signs: For heart palpitations and shortness of breath, add PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , PC-4 (xï mén, Cleft Gate) , and CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) .

tán yîn fù tòng attributed to phlegm-

rheum and associated with rumbling intestines, diarrhea with the passage of white glossy foamy matter without malodor, dizzy head, heart palpitations, nausea and vomiting, ejection of foamy drool, white putrid tongue fur, and a slippery rapid pulse.

Medication:  Fortify the spleen and eliminate phlegm with Two Matured Ingredients Decoction (èr chén täng) plus Atractylodis Rhizoma (cäng zhú) and Magnoliae Cortex (hòu pò).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment on back transport points, CV, and ST. Select BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , and ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) ; needle with even supplementation and drainage.

tán yîn wù hán

Aversion to cold attributed to phlegm in the chest and diaphragm obstructing yang qi. Phlegm-rheum aversion to cold is associated with generalized aversion to cold or aversion to cold in the back, reduced food intake, heavy limbs, slimy tongue fur, and a slippery pulse.

Medication:  Free yang and transform phlegm with formulas such as Poria (Hoelen), Cinnamon Twig, Ovate Atractylodes, and Licorice Decoction (líng guì zhú gän täng), Pathfinder Poria (Hoelen) Pill (zhî mí fú líng wán), or Two Matured Ingredients Decoction (èr chén täng).

tán yîn ké sòu

Cough attributed to phlegm-rheum, with cough as the main sign. Cough is a major signs of phlegm-rheum, and is most commonly seen when cold phlegm-rheum evil collects in the lung and stomach. It is associated with expectoration of copious white, sometimes foamy phlegm.

Medication:  Warm and transform using formulas such as Minor Green-Blue Dragon Decoction Plus Gypsum (xiâo qïng lóng jiä shí gäo täng) and Poria (Hoelen), Cinnamon Twig, Ovate Atractylodes, and Licorice Decoction (líng guì zhú gän täng). Advanced-stage phlegm-rheum, which damages yang, manifests in additional signs of insufficiency of kidney yang such as cold limbs and fear of cold, water swelling, and a fine sunken pulse, which calls for additional action to warm yang and disinhibit water, using formulas such as True Warrior Decoction (zhën wû täng) or Kidney Qi Pill (shèn qì wán). Phlegm-rheum collecting under the rib-side with cough causing rib-side pain is treated by draining water-rheum with formulas such as Ten Jujubes Decoction (shí zâo täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LU, SP, and ST. Select BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , LU-9 (tài yuän, Great Abyss) , SP-3 (tài bái, Supreme White) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , and SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) ; needle with drainage or with even supplementation and drainage. For cold phlegm-rheum evil collecting in the lung and stomach, add large amounts of moxa. See also phlegm-rheum; propping rheum; suspended rheum.

tán yîn xuàn yün that arises when spleen vacuity allows phlegm-

rheum to collect and ascend to cloud the clear orifices. Phlegm-rheum dizziness is attended by heavy-headedness, oppression in the chest, vomiting, copious phlegm, and hasty panting.

Medication:  Fortify the spleen and transform rheum with formulas such as Two Matured Ingredients Decoction (èr chén täng), Phlegm-Abducting Decoction (dâo tán täng), or Six Gentlemen Decoction (lìu jün zî täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on ST and LI. Select ST-8 (tóu wéi, Head Corner) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , and ST-41 (jiê xï, Ravine Divide) ; needle with even supplementation and drainage.

tán yîn chuân jí

Rapid panting that arises when phlegm-rheum congests in the lung and causes counterflow ascent of qi. Phlegm-rheum rapid panting is mostly observed in children.

Medication:  Treat with Perilla Seed and Tingli Phlegm-Rolling Pill (sü tíng gûn tán wán).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LU, SP, and ST. Select BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , , BL-43 (gäo huäng shü, Gao-Huang Transport) , LU-9 (tài yuän, Great Abyss) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , and SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) ; needle with supplementation or with even supplementation and drainage, and, if appropriate, add moxa.

tán yîn xié tòng

collecting rheum rib-side pain.

tán yîn wèi wân guân tòng

Stomach pain that arises when impaired spleen-stomach movement and transformation causes water-damp to gather and gradually turn into phlegm-rheum, which collects in the center burner. Phlegm-rheum stomach duct pain is attended by reduced food intake, nausea, vexation and oppression, ejection of foamy phlegm, and a slippery stringlike pulse. There may also be dizziness, heart palpitations and shortness of breath, and gurgling in the abdomen.

Medication:  Transform rheum and harmonize the stomach. Use formulas such as Dampness-Eliminating Stomach-Calming Poria (Hoelen) Five Decoction (chú shï wèi líng täng) and Two Matured Ingredients Decoction (èr chén täng). For phlegm-fire, use Center-Clearing Decoction (qïng zhöng täng). For rheum pouring into the limbs and channels and causing lumbar, back, and rib-side pain, or pulling pain in the limbs, manifesting in repletion signs only, offensive expulsion should performed with formulas like Minor Stomach Elixir (xiâo wèi dän), Drool-Controlling Elixir (kòng xián dän), or Three Flowers Spirit Protection Pill (sän huä shén yòu wán).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on alarm and uniting points of ST, PC, and SP. Select CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , SP-4 (göng sün, Yellow Emperor) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , and CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) ; needle with drainage. See also internal damage stomach duct pain.

tán yîn ôu tù

See phlegm vomiting.

Definition:  attributed to phlegm arising when abnormalities of hunger and satiety and of joy and anger cause impairment of the splenic movement.

Phlegm scrofula begins as lumps the size of a mume (Japanese apricot), which may spread all over the body. In time, they become slightly red, and can rupture to heal easily.

Medication:  Move qi and sweep phlegm using formulas such as Scutellaria and Coptis Two Matured Ingredients Decoction (qín lián èr chén täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on ST, CV, and TB. Select as main points (i.e., the nodes themselves), and (see scrofula for method). To move qi and sweep phlegm, needle with drainage at CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , and TB-10 (tiän jîng, Celestial Well) . For treatment according to affected area, see scrofula.

Definition:  Scrofula growing on the yang brightness stomach channel on the front of the neck.

tán zhì è zû arising in pregnancy when spleen-

stomach vacuity causes dampness to gather and form into phlegm and when congestion of blood in the channels causes thoroughfare vessel qi to ascend counterflow and carry the phlegm-rheum upward. Phlegm stagnation malign obstruction is characterized by nausea, vomiting of phlegm-drool, fullness in the chest, and poor appetite.

Medication:  Sweep phlegm and downbear counterflow using Minor Pinellia Decoction Plus Poria (Hoelen) (xiâo bàn xià jiä fú líng täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, ST, and PC. Select CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , and SP-4 (göng sün, Yellow Emperor) ; needle with even supplementation and drainage and add moxa.

tán zhòng

Synonym:  dampness stroke .

A pattern similar to wind stroke that arises when dampness engenders phlegm, which in turn engenders heat, which further engenders wind. Phlegm stroke is characterized by sudden dizziness, numbness, collapse and loss of consciousness, rigidity of the root of the tongue, sound of phlegm in the throat, inability to lift the limbs, and a slippery surging pulse.

Medication:  Treat chiefly by transforming phlegm and secondarily by extinguishing wind, using formulas such as Phlegm-Abducting Decoction (dâo tán täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on GV, LI, hand and foot reverting yin PC/LR, ST and SP. Select GV-26 (shuî göu, Water Trough) , GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , PC-9 (zhöng chöng, Central Hub) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , LR-2 (xíng jiän, Moving Between) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , ST-44 (nèi tíng, Inner Court) , PC-5 (jiän shî, Intermediary Courier) , and SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) ; needle with drainage.

tán zhuó

Phlegm as a turbid entity that is obstructive to the clear yang qi of the body. Phlegm turbidity is often said specifically to refer to phlegm-damp or phlegm-rheum. However, phlegm turbidity often implies that the phlegm is thick and sticky, while phlegm-damp often implies that the phlegm is thin.

tán zhuó méng bì xïn bäo

See phlegm confounding the orifices of the heart.

tán zhuó shàng râo

A disease pattern whose principal sign is dizziness, arising when phlegm turbidity causes internal obstruction in the chest and disturbs clear yang in the upper body. Dizziness is the essential feature of phlegm turbidity harassing the upper body. Hence it is said, ``Where no phlegm is present, dizziness does not arise.'' Disturbance of vision may be so severe as to force the patient to remain in lying posture. Milder cases present as dizzy head, distention in the head, and heavy-headedness. Other signs include insomnia, oppression in the chest, retching and nausea, little thought of food and drink, or nontransformation of ingested food. The tongue fur is slimy in texture and either white or yellow in color. The pulse is slippery, and may also be stringlike. Where there is a heat complication, then vexation and bitter taste in the mouth may also be observed.

Western Medical Concept:  vertigo*!otogenic otogenic vertigo* hypertension* Phlegm turbidity harassing the upper body may be observed in otogenic vertigo and hypertension.

tán zhuó zû fèi

A disease pattern arising when phlegm turbidity congests the airways and impairs lung qi diffusion and depuration. The main signs are cough with copious sticky white phlegm that is easily ejected. Other signs include oppression in the chest and panting and phlegm rale in severe cases. The tongue is pale with white slimy fur. The pulse is slippery.

Medication:  Transform phlegm turbidity; depurate the lung and suppress cough. Use Lung-Clearing Beverage (qïng fèi yîn) with additions.

Analysis:  When phlegm turbidity obstructs the lung, lung qi ascends counterflow, hence cough with copious sticky white phlegm that is easily expectorated. Phlegm turbidity is a tangible evil; when it obstructs the lung, it affects the upward, downward, inward and outward movement of qi, hence the oppression in the chest, panting, and phlegm rale. The pale tongue with white slimy fur, and the slippery pulse are both signs of phlegm turbidity causing internal obstruction.

Comparison:  Yang vacuity water flood: The main signs of phlegm turbidity obstructing the lung are copious phlegm, cough, and panting. The chief signs of yang vacuity water swelling are water swelling, fear of cold, and cold limbs. Phlegm turbidity obstructing the lung is a repletion pattern. Yang vacuity water swelling is a vacuity pattern complicated by repletion. Welling-abscess 1 of the lung: Phlegm turbidity obstructing the lung is marked by copious phlegm, cough, and panting. Welling-abscess of the lung is marked by chest pain, generalized heat~effusion, and expectoration of fishy-smelling pus and blood. The two are easily distinguished.

tán ôu

Synonym:  vomiting of phlegm-

rheum ;

Synonym:  phlegm accumulation vomiting .

that arises when disturbance of spleen-stomach movement and transformation causes dampness to form into phlegm, which lodges in the middle stomach duct and ascends counterflow. Phlegm vomiting takes the form of periodic nausea and vomiting of phlegm-drool, gurgling sounds in the stomach, heart palpitations, dizzy head, and flowery vision. If signs include yellow slimy tongue fur, and rapid stringlike pulse, it is attributed phlegm-heat; if signs include a white slimy tongue fur and a slow sunken pulse, it is ascribed to cold rheum.

Medication:  Clear heat and transform phlegm with Gardenia and Coptis Two Matured Ingredients Decoction (zhï lián èr chén täng). Cold rheum is treated by warming the stomach and transforming rheum with formulas such as Major Pinellia Decoction (dà bàn xià täng) or Poria (Hoelen), Cinnamon Twig, Ovate Atractylodes, and Licorice Decoction (líng guì zhú gän täng). If the patient vomits after taking the formula, this is a sign of phlegm qi binding in the throat and diaphragm; in such cases use Return Again Elixir (lái fù dän), wait for vomiting, and then take Two Matured Ingredients Decoction (èr chén täng) plus Amomi Semen seu Fructus (shä rén), Caryophylli Flos (dïng xiäng), and Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (shëng jiäng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment on alarm and lower uniting points of ST, and on CV and PC. Main points: CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , and CV-17 (shän zhöng, Chest Center) . For phlegm-heat, add ST-44 (nèi tíng, Inner Court) and LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) ; needle with drainage. For cold rheum, add SP-4 (göng sün, Yellow Emperor) and BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) ; needle with drainage and add moxa.

tán xiäo

Wheezing attributed to phlegm turbidity congestion arising from phlegm-fire lying depressed in the inner body or wind-cold fettering the exterior. Phlegm wheezing is characterized by rapid panting, phlegm rale in the throat sounding like the rasping of a saw.

Medication:  Diffuse the lung and downbear qi; dispel phlegm and clear fire. Use formulas such as Five Tigers Decoction (wû hû täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LU, CV, and ST. Select BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , BL-12 (fëng mén, Wind Gate) , LU-7 (liè quë, Broken Sequence) , LU-5 (chî zé, Cubit Marsh) , , CV-22 (tiän tú, Celestial Chimney) , CV-17 (shän zhöng, Chest Center) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , and LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) ; needle with drainage. See wheezing.

wù guäng xïu míng

aversion to light.

xíng

The physical body in contrast to the constitutional body. Examining the physique is an important part of general diagnosis. A well-developed, strong, firm body indicates a strong constitution. Poor development and emaciation indicate a weak constitution. Obesity with soft flesh, lusterless white skin, shortage of qi, lack of strength, and lack of devitalized essence-spirit indicate what is known as a full physique with vacuous qi, implying a physical constitution characterized by a yang qi vacuity. Such conditions are often seen in diseases described by Western medicine as endocrine disturbances, hypothyroidism, and some forms of hypertension. hypothyroidism* hypertension* endocrine disturbances* A pale drawn complexion, emaciation, and dry skin indicate insufficiency of yin-blood, generally seen in constitutional yin vacuity. Such conditions occur often in cases of tuberculosis, which has lead to the saying, ``The thin are prone to taxation coughs.''

xing hán

Outwardly manifest signs of cold, e.g., aversion to cold, desire for warm beverages, curled-up lying posture, cold limbs, etc. Elementary Questions (sù wèn) states, ``When yang is vacuous, there is external cold.'' ``Physical cold'' is what is meant by ``external cold.''

xing hán zhï lêng

See physical cold.

pì

See aggregation.

xún yï mö chuáng

Synonym:  carphology .

An aimless plucking at bedclothes observed in an extreme stage of disease. It occurs notably in extreme yang bright heat with heat~effusion and clouded spirit. Compare groping in the air and pulling at invisible strings.

tiäo zhì liáo fâ

Synonym:  root-

severing therapy; needle-picking therapy.

A method of treating disease that involves picking subcutaneous fibers with a needle. Picking therapy is a widely used folk remedy that came to be practiced by Chinese medical health-care workers after the so-called liberation. It is performed at specific sites including acupuncture points, and is mostly used to treat hemorrhoids, but is also used for prolapse of the rectum, clove sores , welling-abscesses and flat-abscesses acute conjunctivitis (wind-fire eye), sties, profuse menstruation, and chronic prostatitis. BL-25 (dà cháng shü, Large Intestine Transport) and BL-32 (cì liáo, Second Bone-Hole) are used for hemorrhoids, and GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) for conjunctivitis. At the selected site, a three-edged needle or large sewing needle is inserted to a depth of 2--3~mm a lifted so as to draw out and sever white fiber from under the skin. The site is then dressed. Treatment may be repeated at the same point 2--3 weeks later. Attention must be paid to hygiene to avoid infection.

tiäo cì fàng xuè

To perform bleeding with a three-edged needle by a brisk darting and flicking action. See bloodletting.

jï xiöng

chicken breast.

zhì

Definition: 

Any protrusion of flesh from any of the nine orifices, e.g., ear pile or yin pile.

Definition:  Specifically, hemorrhoid.

zhì chuäng

hemorrhoid.

wán

A medicinal preparation made by mixing finely ground medicinals with a binding medium (usually honey, water, or flour and water paste), and forming them into small round balls. The pill preparation has the advantage of being more convenient for the patient than the decoction, especially when medication has to be taken over a long period of time. The active constituents are absorbed into the body more slowly, but their effect is longer lasting. Pills are therefore most commonly used in the treatment of enduring diseases, and especially concretions and accumulations. They are also used for certain acute patterns since they can be kept at hand ready for occasional use. Pills are taken by swallowing with, or dissolving in water. See medicinal preparation.

zhên gû

Synonym:  jade pillow bone .

The bone in the lower back part of the skull, so called because the head rests on this part of the head in supine posture.

Western Medical Concept:  occipital bone* occipital bone.

zhên xìn

The posterior fontanel. See fontanel.

cuó chuäng

acne.

tí nië jìn zhën fâ

Synonym:  skin-

pinching needle insertion .

A two-handed needle insertion technique whereby the needle is inserted while the other hand (pressing hand) pinches and lifts the flesh. While holding the handle of the needle with the thumb and forefinger of the right hand, pinch the skin around the point with the left hand. Rest the tip of the needle lightly on the point, and insert with a quick, firm downward movement.

Application:  This technique is applied on parts of the body such as the face where the flesh is thin and shallow. See needle insertion.

söng pí xiân marked by a thickening of the skin that gives the appearance of pine bark.

Pine bark lichen is attributed to factors such as invasion of exterior wind-cold, disharmony between construction and defense and between the thoroughfare and controlling vessels, and construction-defense depletion. It starts with red macules of various sizes, covered with white scales that slough away to reveal bleeding speckles and cause itching. It occurs on corresponding positions on the outer (yang) aspect of the limbs. See lichen.

náo chóng

See pinworm disease.

náo chóng bìng

Synonym:  kidney worm disease .

The Origin and Indicators of Disease (zhü bìng yuán hòu lùn) One of the three worm diseases and one of the nine worm diseases. Pinworm disease is most common in infants and children. It is associated with nighttime anal itch that can affect sleep, heart vexation, and susceptibility to fright.

Medication:  Medicinals effective in treating pinworm include Stemonae Radix (bâi bù), Aspidii Rhizoma (guàn zhòng), Carpesii Fructus (hè shï), Omphalia (léi wán), Allii Sativi Bulbus (dà suàn), Pharbitidis Semen (qiän níu zî), Granati Pericarpium (shí líu pí), Quisqualis Fructus (shî jün zî), and Bruceae Fructus (yä dân zî). For example, Rhei Rhizoma (dà huáng), Pharbitidis Semen (qiän níu zî), and Quisqualis Fructus (shî jün zî) can be used as oral medication, and use fluids of Stemonae Radix (bâi bù) and Allii Sativi Bulbus (dà suàn) as enemas. Worm-Transforming Pill (huà chóng wán) can also be used. Pay attention to regular change of clothing to prevent reinfection.

qïng châo

Stir-frying without any adjuvants. It includes light stir-frying, scorch-frying, and blast-frying.

gäo yào

A topical paste that is mounted on cloth. It is made by slicing or pounding the ingredients and steeping them in sesame seed oil or Aleuritis Seminis Oleum (tóng yóu) for 3--5 days. The mixture is then heated to fry the materials until they char. Flowers, leaves, and pericarps that cannot withstand heat should not be included. The materials are strained off, and the oil is returned to the fire, where it is continuously heated and stirred until the smoke given off turns from white to blue-green. When the temperature reaches 250-300 (at this temperature, when the oil is dropped in water it will stay together in a globule) the fire is turned down, and Hydrogyrum Oxydatum Crudum Aureum (huáng shëng) or Galenitum Praeparatum (qiän fên) is slowly stirred in. The pot is removed from the fire when all the Hydrogyrum Oxydatum Crudum Aureum (huáng shëng) has dissolved. It is then sprinkled with water and stirred, and then steeped in cold water to eliminate the fire toxin. Before use it is melted over a small flame or in water so that it can be spread on cloth or animal skin ready for topical application. Plasters are used for sores and wind-damp pain. They are available ready made and mounted on cloth, and require only warming prior to application.

gäo yào fëng

Redness and swelling, and, in severe cases, blistering, erosion, and weeping of the skin as a result of applying a medicinal plaster, elephant skin plaster, or the like. The affected area may be square or round like the shape of the plaster, and is clearly circumscribed. It is associated with itching or burning sensation, and spreads if scratched.

Medication:  Use Three Yellows Wash Preparation (sän huáng xî jì); if there is ulceration, apply Indigo Paste (qïng dài gäo).

bù suì

A combining form denoting paralysis, e.g., hemiplegia.

méi huä zhën

Synonym:  seven-

star needle .

A cutaneous needle, traditionally made by binding 5 to 7 sewing needles to a bamboo stick, and used to provide a therapeutic stimulus when lightly tapped on the skin. See cutaneous needle.

méi hé qì

Synonym:  qi phlegm .

Dryness and a sensation of a foreign body present in the throat which can be neither swallowed or ejected. The intensity of the signs fluctuates. The main cause is binding depression of liver qi.

Western Medical Concept:  globus hystericus* globus hystericus.

Medication:  Course the liver and rectify qi. Use Bupleurum Liver-Coursing Powder (chái hú shü gän sân) combined with Inula and Hematite Decoction (xuán fù huä dài zhê shí täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, LI, and PC. Select CV-22 (tiän tú, Celestial Chimney) , CV-17 (shän zhöng, Chest Center) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , and PC-5 (jiän shî, Intermediary Courier) ; needle with even supplementation and drainage and add moxa. For depressed qi, add BL-18 (gän shü, Liver Transport) , LR-2 (xíng jiän, Moving Between) , and GB-34 (yáng líng quán, Yang Mound Spring) . Selection of points according to signs: For glomus and oppression in the chest and stomach duct, add PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , and BL-17 (gé shü, Diaphragm Transport) . For stagnant phlegm in the throat, add ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , and BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) ; needle with drainage. For hiccough or nausea, add CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , and BL-17 (gé shü, Diaphragm Transport) .

cuó fèi

Sores of varying sizes, the larger of which, called pocks , are between the size of a soybean or a jujube, are red, and contain pus and the smaller of which, called pimples , are small vesicles or pustules. Pock pimples are attributed to lung heat and spleen dampness or summer wind-heat toxin in the skin. Pock pimples of the buttocks are called seat sores.

Western Medical Concept:  furunculosis* furuncles*!multiple furunculosis (multiple furuncles).

Medication:  Take Coptis Toxin-Resolving Decoction (huáng lián jiê dú täng) and decoct Portulacae Herba (mâ chî xiàn) as a wash.

xué wèi

Abbreviation for acupuncture point.

pèi xué

Methods of combining points. See the entries listed below.

Point Combination combining local and distant pointsyuân jìn pèi xué fâ combining source and network pointsyuán luò pèi xué fâ combining transport and alarm pointsshü mù pèi xué fâ combining same-name channel pointstóng míng jïng pèi xué fâ combining transport pointswû shü pèi xué fâ combining upper and lower body pointsshàng xià pèi xué fâ combining left and right pointszuô yòu pèi xué fâ

tòu xué

To insert an acupuncture needle (usually by transverse insertion) so that it passes through two or more points. For example, ST-4 (dì cäng, Earth Granary) joined to ST-6 (jiá chë, Cheek Carriage) treats deviation of the mouth; ST-38 (tiáo kôu, Ribbon Opening) joined to BL-57 (chéng shän, Mountain Support) treats shoulder pain and inability to lift the shoulder; TB-5 (wài guän, Outer Pass) joined to PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , treats elbow and arm pain; GB-40 (qïu xü, Hill Ruins) joined to KI-6 (zhào hâi, Shining Sea) treats ankle pain.

xuân xué

Points are selected by four basic methods: selection of local points; selection of distant points; selection of points on the affected channel; selection of pathocondition points; selection of special group points.

ài tiáo jîu

Warming with a moxa pole.

niào duö

Copious urine. See urine.

shí yù bù zhèn

Synonym:  reduced eat ;

Synonym:  reduced food intake .

A reduced desire to eat. The stomach governs intake and decomposition of grain and water (i.e., food); the spleen governs movement and transformation of grain and water and the distribution of their essence (i.e., nutrients). Appetite is principally related to the spleen and stomach. The stomach and spleen together form the ``root of the later heaven,'' i.e., the basis of the acquired constitution. ``The presence of stomach means life; the absence of stomach is death.'' A good appetite is a sign of health. In disease, a good appetite is a sign of a mild condition, and its return is a sign of recovery. Sudden return of an appetite in critical illness is a last flicker of the candle, and bodes death. Poor appetite is observed in externally contracted disease and internal damage. In most instances of externally contracted disease, it is of relatively short duration and hence of little significance. In internal damage miscellaneous disease, in which the duration of poor appetite can undermine the health of the patient, it commands greater attention. Distinction can be made between three categories of poor appetite: poor appetite without hunger; aversion to food; and no desire to eat despite hunger.

No thought of food and drink:  (bù sï yîn shí) Simple poor appetite characterized by lack of thought of food and drink and reduced hunger sensation is what is normally meant by ``poor appetite.'' Traditionally, this is often referred to as no desire for food and drink, no thought of food and drink, obliviousness of hunger and satiety, or no pleasure in eating. It occurs in a number of situations. With distention after eating, diarrhea, emaciation, and lack of strength, poor appetite is ascribed to spleen-stomach qi vacuity arising when the stomach's function of decomposing food and the spleen's function is impaired. Accompanied by oppression in the stomach duct, heavy cumbersome head and body, rumbling intestines, diarrhea, and slimy tongue fur, it is a sign of dampness encumbering the spleen that prevents the normal upbearing of clear yang and causes disharmony of stomach qi. With aversion to oily food and accompanied by yellowing of the body, abdominal distention and glomus in the stomach duct, nausea, fatigue, and scant yellow urine is a sign of spleen-stomach damp-heat causing disharmony of stomach qi. With belching, abdominal distention, rib-side pain, frequent passing of flatus, and sloppy stool, it is a sign of liver-spleen disharmony. With alternating heat~effusion and aversion to cold, [suffering of] chest and rib-side fullness, bitter taste in the mouth, dry throat, and dizzy vision, it is a sign of cold damage lesser yang disease.

Aversion to food:  (yàn shí) Aversion to food is sickness at the sight or thought of food and occurs in two situations. Aversion to food is most commonly observed when voracious eating and drinking impairs decomposition, causing food to stagnate in the stomach. Hence, it is said, ``Food damage is invariably characterized by aversion to food.'' Occurring with vomiting, with absence of menstruation, and with a rapid slippery harmonious pulse in sexually active women, aversion to food is a sign of pregnancy vomiting, which is caused by upsurge of thoroughfare vessel qi causing disharmony of stomach qi. Poor appetite differs from aversion to food in that it is associated with a reduced feeling of hunger.

No desire to eat despite hunger:  (jï bù yù shí) This is observed in three situations. With clamoring stomach and scorching heat sensation, a red tongue with scant fur, it indicates insufficiency of stomach yin and vacuity fire. In such cases, the lack of desire to eat is explained by the insufficiency, whereas the presence of hunger is explained as result of the vacuity fire. With dizziness, tinnitus, insomnia, forgetfulness, dry throat and tongue, it is attributed to insufficiency of kidney yin and frenetic movement of the ministerial fire. In advanced stages of febrile disease with lassitude of spirit, lack of strength, and dry tongue with little liquid, a poor appetite is a sign of insufficiency of stomach yin resulting from qi, blood, and liquid depletion when the evil has abated. The term reduced food intake is effectively a synonym of poor appetite, denoting its objective consequence. Poor appetite associated with indigestion is also called torpid intake, in reference to stomach function (see stomach governs intake).

jiàn wàng

See forgetfulness.

wèi nà bù jiä

Impairment of the stomach's governing of food intake. The stomach is responsible for the initial intake of food; it governs decomposition of the grain and water (i.e., food), and when emptied of its contents, the desire to eat rises. Poor stomach intake is reduced eating due to impairment of the stomach's function.

hòu tóu tòng

Pain affecting the back of the head. See greater yang headache.

hòu yïn

The anus.

jïng hòu tù nüè

Bleeding from the mouth or nose after menstruation; attributed to residual lung-stomach vacuity heat and blood heat failing to stay within the vessels causing loss of small amounts of fresh-colored blood.

Medication:  Clear lung-stomach vacuity heat using either variations of Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Decoction (xï jiâo dì huáng täng) or Ophiopogon Drink (mài mén döng yîn zi).

wû hòu cháo rè

Tidal heat~effusion occurring any time after midday. Postmeridian tidal heat~effusion is usually a sign of yin vacuity, but a vigorous heat~effusion that becomes more pronounced at roughly 3-5 p.m., called late afternoon tidal heat~effusion, is associated with yang brightness interior repletion patterns. See tidal heat~effusion.

chân hòu

Occurring in the mother after she has given birth.

chân hòu fù zhàng ôu tù <

postpartum abdominal distention> Abdominal distention, fullness and oppression with vomiting and retching after childbirth. Postpartum abdominal distention and vomiting is associated with scant lochia, and occurs when wasted blood attacks the spleen and stomach, causing stomach qi to ascend counterflow.

Medication:  Quicken the blood and dispel stasis; fortify the spleen and harmonize the stomach. Use variations of Engendering Transformation Decoction (shëng huà täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, ST, SP, and LR. To quicken the blood and dispel stasis, select CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , CV-3 (zhöng jí, Central Pole) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , and LR-8 (qü quán, Spring at the Bend) ; needle with even supplementation and drainage and add moxa. To fortify the spleen and harmonize the stomach, select CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , and BL-21 (wèi shü, Stomach Transport) ; needle with supplementation and add moxa.

chân hòu fù tòng

Synonym:  afterpains .

occurring after childbirth, as a result of blood vacuity or blood stasis.

Blood vacuity  (xuè xü) patterns are characterized by dull pain that likes warmth and pressure, fatigue, fear of cold, and, in severe cases, heart palpitations and shortness of breath.

Medication:  Supplement the blood and boost qi with Abdomen-Quieting Decoction (cháng níng täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on back transport points, CV, and ST. Select BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , BL-17 (gé shü, Diaphragm Transport) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , and SP-10 (xuè hâi, Sea of Blood) ; needle with supplementation.

Blood stasis  (xuè yü) patterns are marked by stabbing abdominal pain that refuses pressure, retention of the lochia, and dark purple facial complexion.

Medication:  Expel stasis and move the blood with Sudden Smile Powder (shï xiào sân) combined with Engendering Transformation Decoction (shëng huà täng). For blood stasis giving rise to congealing cold with cold pain or gripping pain in the smaller abdomen that likes warmth, and a sunken tight or stringlike sunken pulse, add to this combination Foeniculi Fructus (huí xiäng) and Evodiae Fructus (wú zhü yú).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, SP, and ST. Select CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , CV-3 (zhöng jí, Central Pole) , SP-8 (dì jï, Earth's Crux) , and SP-10 (xuè hâi, Sea of Blood) ; needle with even supplementation and drainage and add moxa. If there are also signs of congealing cold, add ST-29 (guï lái, Return) and ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , and add large amounts of moxa. Postpartum abdominal pain caused by congealing static blood and marked by a palpable lump is called infant's-pillow pain.

chân hòu chü xuè

See postpartum flooding.

chân hòu xuè yün

Dizzy head and flowery vision occurring after childbirth. Postpartum blood dizziness is often so severe that the patient cannot get up, and is sometimes accompanied by fullness and oppression in the chest, nausea and vomiting, welling of phlegm and rapid breathing, heart vexation, and, in severe cases, clenched jaw, clouded spirit, and loss of consciousness.

Western Medical Concept:  syncope*!postpartum shock*!postpartum embolism*!amniotic vasomotor collapse*!postpartum postpartum syncope, postpartum shock, postpartum amniotic embolism, postpartum vasomotor collapse. Distinction is made between vacuity and repletion patterns. patterns result from postpartum flooding and spotting causing yin vacuity and sudden collapse. The blood is usually thin. Dizziness comes on suddenly with heart palpitations, heart vexation, oppression and discomfort, and, in severe cases, clouding loss of consciousness. General signs include somber white complexion, closed eyes and open mouth, limp hands and cold limbs, dripping cold sweat, pale tongue without fur, and a faint pulse on the verge of expiration or a large floating pulse. In vacuity patterns, there may also be signs of upflow of phlegm-fire causing sudden dizzy head and flowery vision, nausea and vomiting, fullness and oppression in the chest and heart, and, in severe cases, loss of consciousness.

Medication:  Boost qi and stem desertion using Pure Ginseng Decoction (dú shën täng) or Qi-Supplementing Dizziness-Resolving Decoction (bû qì jiê yün täng). For clouded spirit, cold limbs, and sweating, apply emergency yang-returning counterflow-stemming treatment using Ginseng and Aconite Decoction (shën fù täng). Treat vacuity with phlegm-fire by supplementing qi and nourishing the blood and by transforming phlegm and quieting the spirit. Use Engendering Transformation Decoction (shëng huà täng) plus Ginseng Radix (rén shën), Citri Exocarpium Rubrum (jú hóng), Bambusae Succus Exsiccatus (zhú lì), and Zingiberis Rhizomatis Succus (jiäng zhï) taken in small frequent doses.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on GV, CV, ST, and SP. Select GV-26 (rén zhöng, Human Center) , GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , and ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) ; needle with supplementation. In addition, moxa CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , and ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) . Selection of points according to signs: For incessant postpartum bleeding, add moxa at SP-1 (yîn bái, Hidden White) . For heart palpitations, vexation, and oppression, add HT-7 (shén mén, Spirit Gate) and BL-15 (xïn shü, Heart Transport) . For dripping cold sweat, add HT-6 (yïn xï, Yin Cleft) and LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) . For cold limbs and reversal dizziness (fainting), add CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) and , and perform moxibustion on ginger at CV-8 (shén què, Spirit Gate Tower) . If there are signs of qi and blood vacuity with upflow of phlegm-fire, needle with drainage at LU-5 (chî zé, Cubit Marsh) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , ST-44 (nèi tíng, Inner Court) , and HT-7 (shén mén, Spirit Gate) . patterns are attributable to stasis obstruction and qi block; they arise when postpartum depletion of original qi and vacuity of the uterine vessels, sometimes exacerbated by contraction of cold, cause congealing and stagnation that prevents normal elimination of the lochia and upsets the movement of qi. Signs include retention or scant flow of the lochia, with periodic lesser-abdominal pain that refuses pressure. In severe cases, there is acute fullness below the heart. General signs include rough breathing and hasty panting, clouded spirit and loss of consciousness, clenched jaw and clenched hand, dark purple complexion and purple tongue, and a rough pulse.

Medication:  Move the blood and dispel stasis using Life-Clutching Powder (duó mìng sân). Either add to this formula Angelicae Sinensis Radix (däng guï), Ligustici Rhizoma (chuän xiöng), or combine it with Engendering Transformation Decoction (shëng huà täng) plus Ginseng Radix (rén shën), Cyathulae Radix (chuän níu xï), Leonuri Herba (yì mû câo), and Trogopteri seu Pteromydis Excrementum (wû líng zhï). If there is oppression in the chest, add Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (shëng jiäng), and Arisaematis Rhizoma cum Felle Bovis (dân xïng) to downbear counterflow and transform phlegm.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on GV, LR, PC, and SP. Select GV-26 (rén zhöng, Human Center) , KI-1 (yông quán, Gushing Spring) , LR-1 (dà dün, Large Pile) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , and ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) ; needle with drainage. Prick GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) and to bleed. For oppression in the chest, add CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) and CV-17 (shän zhöng, Chest Center) . For contraction of cold, add GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) , TB-5 (wài guän, Outer Pass) . and LU-7 (liè quë, Broken Sequence) .

chân hòu jiäo cháng bìng

Western Medical Concept:  fistula*

!rectovaginal postpartum rectovaginal fistula.

chân hòu dà biàn nán

Constipation arising when loss of blood after childbirth damages the fluids and deprives the intestines of moisture.

Medication:  Moisten the intestines and free the stool using Mel (mì), Cannabis Semen (huô má rén), and Angelicae Sinensis Radix (däng guï). Do not use precipitants.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on ST and SP. Select BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , BL-21 (wèi shü, Stomach Transport) , BL-25 (dà cháng shü, Large Intestine Transport) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , and CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) ; needle with supplementation and moxa if appropriate.

chân hòu yù mào

Definition: 

From Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Coffer (jïn guì yào lüè) ``Depression'' means binding depression, constrained qi; ``veiling'' means clouding of the spirit. Postpartum depression and veiling is a dizziness and visual distortion with feelings of depression and oppression, accompanied by retching and inability to eat, hard stool, and sweating head.

Medication:  Treat by resolving both interior and exterior with Minor Bupleurum Decoction (xiâo chái hú täng).

Definition:  postpartum blood dizziness.

chân hòu xiè xiè

Diarrhea occurring after delivery owing to nonmovement of the lochia affecting spleen function. Postpartum diarrhea takes the form of incontinent throughflux diarrhea with green-blue, black, and white stool.

Medication:  Use Truly Wondrous Powder (dì qí sân), comprising four or five awns of Schizonepetae Herba et Flos (jïng jiè), burned to cinders in an oil lamp mixed with a pinch of Moschus (shè xiäng) taken with hot water. See diarrhea.

chân hòu yí niào

Enuresis arising after childbirth from kidney vacuity and insecurity of bladder qi, from qi-blood vacuity, or from damage to the bladder in childbirth.

Medication:  Boost the kidney and supplement the center with Center-Supplementing Qi-Boosting Decoction (bû zhöng yì qì täng) combined with Mantis Egg-Case Powder (säng piäo xiäo sân). Damage to the bladder may require surgery.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on back transport points. Select BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , CV-3 (zhöng jí, Central Pole) , BL-28 (páng guäng shü, Bladder Transport) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , and BL-22 (sän jiäo shü, Triple Burner Transport) ; needle with supplementation and add moxa. To boost the kidney and supplement the center, add CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , GV-4 (mìng mén, Life Gate) , KI-3 (tài xï, Great Ravine) , BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , and ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) . If due to damage to the bladder during delivery, add CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) and BL-39 (wêi yáng, Bend Yang) . In China, acupuncture point injection has been used for postpartum enuresis. Points such as CV-3 (zhöng jí, Central Pole) and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) are injected every other day in 10 days courses with 0.2--.5 ml. of 0.5--1.0

chân hòu yù hù bù liân

Failure of damage to the birth gate (orificium vaginae) in childbirth to heal within a few days. Postpartum failure of the jade gate to heal can be treated with an oral formula such as Perfect Major Supplementation Decoction (shí quán dà bû täng) and topically with Bletillae Tuber (bái jí), Mastodi Ossis Fossilia (lóng gû), Vespae Nidus (lù fëng fáng), Chebulae Fructus (hë zî), and Phellodendri Cortex (huáng bâi), ground in equal proportions and applied after washing the affected area with a decoction of Perillae Folium, Caulis et Calyx (zî sü).

chân hòu zhëng chöng (

severe heart palpitations) attributed to excessive blood loss in childbirth depriving the heart of nourishment.

Medication:  Harmonize the stomach and spleen; supplement qi and nourish the blood. Use formulas such as Ginseng Construction-Nourishing Decoction (rén shën yâng róng täng) and variations. For incomplete elimination of static blood and inhibited flow of the lochia, Engendering Transformation Decoction (shëng huà täng) can be prescribed to eliminate stasis and engender the new.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on HT, PC, ST, SP, and back transport points. Select HT-7 (shén mén, Spirit Gate) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , BL-15 (xïn shü, Heart Transport) , BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , and HT-5 (töng lî, Connecting Li) ; needle with supplementation. For residual static blood, add LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , BL-17 (gé shü, Diaphragm Transport) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , and SP-10 (xuè hâi, Sea of Blood) .

chân hòu fä rè <

postpartum heat~effusion> Heat~effusion occurring after childbirth; attributed to external contraction, blood vacuity, blood stasis, food stagnation, or contraction of evil toxin.

External contraction  (wài gân rè bìng) patterns arise when sudden vacuity of qi and blood causes insecurity of the defensive exterior and allows external evils to exploit the vacuity and enter the body. They are characterized by aversion to cold, heat~effusion, headache, pain in limbs, absence of sweating, and in some cases cough and runny nose.

Medication:  Nourish the blood and dispel wind with formulas such as Schizonepeta and Ledebouriella Toxin-Vanquishing Powder (jïng fáng bài dú sân).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on back transport points, ST, SP, GB, TB, and LI. Needle with supplementation at BL-17 (gé shü, Diaphragm Transport) , BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , and with drainage at GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) , TB-5 (wài guän, Outer Pass) , GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , and LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) .

Blood vacuity  (xuè xü) postpartum heat~effusion arises after loss of blood in childbirth when yin fails to contain yang and vacuity heat arises internally. It is a mild heat~effusion attended by dizziness, heart palpitations, or continual unabating abdominal pain.

Medication:  Supplement qi and blood and regulate construction and defense. Use variations of Eight-Gem Decoction (bä zhën täng). If heat~effusion is more pronounced after midday, with reddening of the cheeks, thirst with desire for cold drinks, constipation, and yellow urine, treat by nourishing the blood, enriching yin, and clearing heat with All Yin Brew (yï yïn jiän).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on back transport points, CV, and three yin channels of the foot. Main points: BL-17 (gé shü, Diaphragm Transport) , BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , and SP-10 (xuè hâi, Sea of Blood) ; needle with supplementation. To supplement qi and blood and to regulate construction and defense, add CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , BL-15 (xïn shü, Heart Transport) , and CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) . To enrich yin and clear heat, and to nourish the blood, add KI-3 (tài xï, Great Ravine) , KI-6 (zhào hâi, Shining Sea) , and KI-7 (fù lïu, Recover Flow) .

Blood stasis  (xuè yü) postpartum heat~effusion arises when static blood becomes lodged in the channels, causing disharmony of construction and defense. It is characterized by periodic heat~effusion and aversion to cold, retention of the lochia or scant purple clotted lochia with a fishy smell and smaller-abdominal pain that refuses pressure.

Medication:  Nourish the blood and expel stasis; resolve heat~effusion. Use variations of Engendering Transformation Decoction (shëng huà täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, and SP. Select CV-3 (zhöng jí, Central Pole) , SP-8 (dì jï, Earth's Crux) , SP-10 (xuè hâi, Sea of Blood) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , and ST-30 (qì chöng, Qi Thoroughfare) ; needle with even supplementation and drainage.

Food stagnation  (shí zhì) postpartum heat~effusion results from eating sweet fatty foods. It is attended by bloating in the chest and diaphragm, putrid belching, swallowing of upflowing acid, torpid intake, or distention and pain in the stomach duct and abdomen.

Medication:  Disperse food and abduct stagnation with Special Achievement Powder (yì göng sân) supplemented with other agents.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, ST, and LI. Select CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , and LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) ; needle with drainage.

Evil toxin  (xié dú) postpartum heat~effusion arises when evil toxin makes a direct strike on the uterus in postpartum qi-blood vacuity, and wages a struggle with right qi that gives rise to high fever, thirst, sweating, and abdominal pain that refuses pressure. In severe cases, there may be clouded spirit, delirious speech and maculopapular eruptions.

Medication:  Clear heat and resolve toxin with agents such as Lonicerae Flos (jïn yín huä), Forsythiae Fructus (lián qiào), Rehmanniae Radix Exsiccata seu Recens (shëng dì huáng), Trichosanthis Radix (tiän huä fên), Lycii Radicis Cortex (dì gû pí), Moutan Radicis Cortex (mû dän pí), and Isatidis Folium (dà qïng yè). If signs include clouded spirit and delirious speech, use Peaceful Palace Bovine Bezoar Pill (än göng níu huáng wán) or Purple Snow (zî xuê).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LI, PC, and LR. Select LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , LR-2 (xíng jiän, Moving Between) , GB-34 (yáng líng quán, Yang Mound Spring) , PC-8 (láo göng, Palace of Toil) , and BL-40 (wêi zhöng, Bend Center) ; needle with drainage. Prick to bleed.