F

miàn

The anterior aspect of the head including the eyes, nose, cheeks, lips, and chin. Inspecting various aspects of the face is important in diagnosis. See inspection; facial complexion. Conditions affecting the face include mole black mole(, blood mole); acne; drinker's nose; deviated mouth and eyes; toad head scourge; facial pain.

lián

Surface or aspect.

miàn sè

The color and sheen of the skin of the face, especially as a reflection of health or sickness. The state of blood and qi is intimately related to the facial complexion. The Magic Pivot (líng shü) states, ``The qi and blood of the twelve primary channels and the three-hundred and sixty-five network vessels all the channels of the body ascend to the face.'' This statement emphasizes the importance of the complexion as a reflection of the general state of health. The color of the complexion is analyzed in terms of the five colors---blue-green, red, yellow, white, and black. When applied to the human complexion, they take on a relative significance. Thus, two people who have vastly different complexions when healthy, may both be described as having an ``white'' complexion when suffering from a certain disease, even though the actual color is different. ``White'' here refers to a relative paling compared with the normal complexion. ( that the color names are retained in translation because of possible five-phase associations with the bowels and viscera that might be lost with more idiomatic translations such as ``pale'' for white, or ``sallow'' for yellow.) Basic morbid facial complexions and their significance are as follows: White complexions usually indicate cold or vacuity. A bright white (very white) complexion with facial vacuity edema generally indicates yang qi vacuity and occurs after massive bleeding, in chronic nephritis, or in wheezing panting patterns. A lusterless pale white complexion (a complexion slightly paler than normal), together with general and facial emaciation, normally points to blood vacuity. The Magic Pivot (líng shü) states, ``Blood desertion is characterized by a white complexion that is perished and sheenless.'' The sudden appearance of a somber white complexion (white tinged with blue-green) in acute diseases is usually attributable to fulminant yang qi desertion and is seen in various forms of shock. However, somber white may also be observed in cases of external wind-cold diseases characterized by aversion to cold, shivering, and severe abdominal pain due to interior cold. Blue-green or bluish complexions are principally associated with wind-cold, blood stasis, pain, and qi block patterns. Child fright-wind and epilepsy are characterized by a dark blue-green complexion. cirrhosis of the liver* cardiac failure* A grayish blue-green complexion with blue-green-purple lips is associated with inner body blood stasis and impaired flow of qi and blood, and occurs in diseases classified in Western medicine as cirrhosis of the liver and cardiac failure. In severe wind-cold headaches and abdominal pain due to interior cold, impeded flow of yang qi may be reflected in a bluish somber white complexion. In cases of lung qi block, a dark blue-green-purple complexion may result from obstructed flow of blood and qi. This corresponds to conditions such as pulmogenic heart disease and asphyxia in Western medicine. heart disease*!pulmogenic pulmogenic heart disease* asphyxia* Red complexions generally occur in heat patterns, with distinction being made between vacuity heat and repletion heat. Externally contracted wind-heat may be characterized by a red face and red eyes. Interior repletion heat patterns are characterized by tidal reddening of the face, excessive sweating, thirst, constipation, and other signs of repletion heat. A somber white complexion with tidal reddening of the cheeks in the afternoon indicates effulgent yin vacuity fire. In severe illnesses characterized by cold sweating, reversal cold in the limbs, and a somber white complexion with reddening of the cheeks that appear as if smeared with oil paint indicates ``upcast yang'' or overfloating of vacuous yang, i.e., it is a critical sign of imminent outward desertion of yang qi. In addition, in some severe or enduring illnesses, signs such as those described in The Magic Pivot (líng shü) may appear: ``If red, thumb-sized flushes appear on the cheeks, although there may be slight improvement, death will ensue promptly.'' Yellow is associated with dampness and vacuity. Yellowing of the whites of the eyes (sclerae) and generalized yellowing of the skin indicate jaundice. A vivid yellow indicates damp-heat and is known as yang yellow. A dark yellow color points to cold-damp, and is known as yin jaundice. Yang yellow is seen mostly in cases described in Western medicine as hepatitis*!acute icteric infectious hepatitis*!hepatitis cholecystitis*!acute cirrhosis of the liver* cancer of the head of the pancreas* acute icteric infectious hepatitis, acute cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, and toxic hepatitis; yin yellow occurs in cirrhosis of the liver and cancer of the head of the pancreas. A pale yellow skin that is dry and puffy, accompanied by pale lips but no yellowing of whites of the eyes (sclerae), is referred to as withered-yellow, which is a vacuity yellow. The condition characterized by this complexion is sometimes called yellow swelling, and is normally caused by excessive loss of blood or depletion of blood and qi after major illnesses, or by spleen-stomach damage resulting from intestinal parasites. It may be seen in diseases known in Western medicine as ankylostomiasis (hookworm disease), anemia, and malnutrition due to poor assimilation. ankylostomiasis* anemia* malnutrition* Black is associated with kidney vacuity and blood stasis. A soot-black complexion, dark gray complexion, or purple-black complexion may occur in enduring diseases, patterns characterized by kidney essence depletion, or in static blood accumulation patterns. hyperadrenocorticalism* cirrhosis of the liver* In Western medicine, a soot-black complexion may be seen in chronic hyperadrenocorticalism, or in the final stages of cirrhosis of the liver. A dark gray complexion may be seen in chronic kidney dysfunction, and a purple-black complexion may occur in chronic heart-lung dysfunctions. A black complexion indicates intractable or severe illness. Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Coffer (jïn guì yào lüè) states that ``black jaundice'' is associated with kidney vacuity and blood stasis, and usually indicates that the condition is hard to cure. See ten-principle inspection of the complexion.

miàn tòng

Pain in any part of the face. Facial pain usually occurs in episodes and is acute. Patterns include wind-heat, wind-cold, liver depression transforming into fire, and blood stagnation and blood stasis.

Wind-heat  (fëng rè) possibly with phlegm is marked by periodic pain that may be burning or stabbing, associated with a sensation of heat and exacerbated by heat. It usually affects one side of the face, and occasionally the upper or lower half of the face. Wind-heat may be complicated by phlegm obstructing the network vessels, in which case there may also be dizziness, oppression in the chest, and numbness of the limbs.

Medication:  Course wind and dissipate heat; flush phlegm and quicken the network vessels. Use Facial Pain No.1 Formula (miàn tòng yï hào fäng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on yang brightness and reverting yin . Main points: ST-2 (sì bái, Four Whites) , ST-7 (xià guän, Below the Joint) , , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , and LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) . For wind-heat, add GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) , TB-5 (wài guän, Outer Pass) , and GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) , needling with drainage. Selection of points according to sign: 1) For forehead pain, add BL-2 (zân zhú, Bamboo Gathering) , GB-14 (yáng bái, Yang White) , ST-8 (tóu wéi, Head Corner) , and SI-3 (hòu xï, Back Ravine) . 2) For upper jaw pain, add SI-18 (quán liáo, Cheek Bone-Hole) , ST-2 (sì bái, Four Whites) , GB-3 (shàng guän, Upper Gate) , and LI-20 (yíng xiäng, Welcome Fragrance) . 3) For the lower jaw, add CV-24 (chéng jiäng, Sauce Receptacle) , ST-6 (jiá chë, Cheek Carriage) , TB-17 (yì fëng, Wind Screen) , and ST-44 (nèi tíng, Inner Court) .

Wind-cold  (fëng hán) causes severe pain that refuses cold. During bouts of pain the complexion may turn a somber white. If the wind-cold is complicated by phlegm obstructing the network vessels, further signs include puffiness of the face and heavy head as if swathed (bag-over-the-head sensation).

Medication:  Course wind and dissipate cold; flush phlegm and free the network vessels. Use Facial Pain No.2 Formula (miàn tòng èr hào fäng).

Acupuncture:  To the basic points, add GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) , TB-5 (wài guän, Outer Pass) , and GV-16 (fëng fû, Wind Mansion) , needling with drainage and adding moxa.

Liver depression transforming into fire  (gän yù huà huô) is another cause of facial pain that is easily distinguished from the wind-heat pattern by rib-side pain, irascibility, sighing, and unquiet sleep.

Medication:  Clear the liver and drain fire; flush phlegm and quicken the network vessels. Facial Pain No.3 Formula (miàn tòng sän hào fäng).

Acupuncture:  To the basic points, add SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , GB-34 (yáng líng quán, Yang Mound Spring) , LR-2 (xíng jiän, Moving Between) , and PC-8 (láo göng, Palace of Toil) , needling with drainage.

Blood vacuity and blood stasis  (xuè xü xuè yü) is marked by severe continual pain of fixed location. There are general signs of qi vacuity such as shortage of qi, faint low voice, laziness to speak, and stasis speckles on the tongue.

Medication:  Supplement qi and quicken the blood; transform stasis and free the network vessels. Facial Pain No.4 Formula (miàn tòng sì hào fäng).

Acupuncture:  To the basic points, add ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , and PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , needling with supplementation and adding moxa.

The region below the eye.

The absence of movement of bone preventing childbirth. The meaning of the term depends on the interpretation given to the ``interlocking bones.'' Taking the interlocking bones to be the two parts of what modern medicine calls the pubis, the ancients believed that they were normally closed, but would open to allow child delivery. They also believed that poor nutrition in pregnancy, causing original qi vacuity and preventing qi and blood from reaching the area, could account for their failure to open. Taking the interlocking bones to mean the sacrococcygeal joint, failure of the interlocking bones to open means the failure of the sacrococcygeal joint to move the lower opening of the pelvis to facilitate delivery. This can be treated with Bone-Opening Powder (käi gû sân).

shuî tû bù fú <

failure to acclimatize> Problems such as poor appetite, abdominal distention, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and menstrual irregularities attributed to moving to a new environment. Such conditions usually disappear in a short time.

bù qî

impotence.

yün dâo

To lose consciousness.

wëi mài

A pulse so fine and weak that it is barely perceptible. It indicates vacuity desertion or qi and blood vacuity.

Western Medical Concept:  shock* The fine pulse is observed in shock or chronic disease.

mài wëi yù jué

See faint pulse.

chuí lián yì

A disease characterized by fine thread-like vessels on the upper margin of the dark of the eye that appear to fall like a curtain over the eye and that in severe cases cover the pupil. Falling curtain screen is associated with tearing and aversion to light, dryness and pain, and obstructed vision.

Western Medical Concept:  pannus*!trachomatous corneal trachomatous corneal pannus.

Medication:  Course wind and clear heat; calm the liver and abate screens. Use Abalone Shell Powder (shí jué míng sân) as oral medication and Spirifer Fossil Elixir (shí yàn dän) applied topically.

Acupuncture:  Select BL-2 (zân zhú, Bamboo Gathering) , BL-1 (jïng míng, Bright Eyes) , GB-1 (tóng zî liáo, Pupil Bone-Hole) , GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) , GB-41 (zú lín qì, Foot Overlooking Tears) , , , BL-18 (gän shü, Liver Transport) , and BL-19 (dân shü, Gallbladder Transport) ; needle with drainage.

xiàn zhèng

A disease pattern in which sore-toxin attacks the inner body. Distinction is made between fire fall, dry fall, and vacuity fall.

Western Medical Concept:  toxemia* toxemia. See also inward fall.

jiâ shén

False signs of vitality suddenly appearing in patients suffering from enduring and severe illness. Such signs, which include sudden garrulousness, improvement in appetite and facial complexion, are the ``last radiance of the setting sun'' or the ``last flicker of the candle,'' boding imminent death.

néng yuân qiè jìn

Ability to see distant but not close objects clearly, usually without any visible changes within the eye. Farsightedness is attributed to insufficiency of yin and superabundance of yang, or to congenital causes.

Western Medical Concept:  hyperopia* presbyopia* hyperopia; in the elderly, presbyopia.

Medication:  Enrich yin and brighten the eyes with formulas such as Lycium Berry, Chrysanthemum, and Rehmannia Pill (qî jú dì huáng wán).

féi rè gän

See cold-heat gan.

féi gän

See cold-heat gan.

pí juàn

Synonym:  fatigue and lack of strength .

Tiredness and lack of strength. Fatigue is observed in dual vacuity of qi and blood, spleen vacuity with damp encumbrance, and damage to qi by summerheat-heat.

juàn dài fá lì

fatigue.

sì zhï kùn juàn

Limbs that lack in strength and feel unwieldy. A sign of dampness and spleen vacuity.

zhï juàn fá lì

Weakness of the extremities. A sign of spleen vacuity.

shén pí fá lì

See lassitude of spirit and lack of strength.

gäo liáng hòu wèi

Rich food. Eating of fat meat, fine grain, and strong flavors over a long period can engender internal heat and cause sores.

féi qì

From The Magic Pivot (líng shü) One of the five accumulations. Lump glomus under the rib-side like an upturned cup, attributed to liver qi depression and congealing static blood. In The Classic of Difficult Issues (nàn jïng) it is said to be the liver accumulation (one of the five accumulations), and is described as being a glomus lump under the rib-side, like an upturned cup, and having a head and a foot. When the disease is persistent, malaria or cough may arise.

Medication:  Treat with Fat Qi Pill (féi qì wán).

féi chuäng

Synonym:  sand-

heap perverse crop .

A scalp disease characterized by yellow scabs. Fat sores start with small papules or pustules like millet grains that exude yellow water after rupture to gradually form sulfur-colored platelike scabs transpierced by hairs. Falling of the scabs reveals an eroded wound, which when it finally heals leaves a scar. Fat sores are itchy and have a strange smell similar to that of rat's urine. They are attributed to spleen-stomach damp-heat sweltering the scalp or to contact infection.

Western Medical Concept:  favus* honeycomb ringworm* tinea favosa* favus (also known as honeycomb ringworm and formerly known by the term tinea favosa).

Medication:  Wash with a decoction of scallions or Sophorae Ramulus (huái zhï) and remove the scabs. Apply Fat Oil Paste (féi yóu gäo). It may help to pluck the affected area of hair.

zhï líu

Synonym:  mealy tumor .

A tumor (a growth on the outside of the body) that is round, soft, and of varying size. A fatty tumor is found mostly on the head and face or back. It can be ruptured to produce a substance like bean curd dregs. It is treated mainly by external medical methods.

má zhên shùn zhèng

The manifestation of measles in patients with abundant right qi and mild evil toxin. A favorable measles pattern is characterized by mild heat~effusion, cough without hasty breathing, and clear spirit qi (i.e., clear head) throughout the whole course of the disease. Heat~effusion runs for three or four days before papules erupt on the head and face, spreading to the chest, back, and limbs. The papules are even and a lustrous red. Apart from possible cough, there should be no other signs. The eruption reaches the full extent of its development in three days, after which it slowly disappears, during which time the heat~effusion and cough abate and the appetite returns.

shùn zhèng

A normal pattern occurring in a disease that bodes a good outcome. In measles, for example, red papules or speckles that are bright red and evenly distributed and associated with heat~effusion, no complications, clear mind, and gradual return of the appetite constitutes a favorable pattern. Compare unfavorable pattern sign.

kông

One of the five minds (mental and emotional activities); associated with the kidney.

xiäng wèi

See seven relations.

kông zé qì xià

Fear can damage kidney qi, causing urinary incontinence, seminal emission, and efflux diarrhea.

zhëng chöng

Severe heart palpitations that is not brought on by emotional stimulus. Fearful throbbing is so called because its severity itself causes alarm. See heart palpitations.

pà lêng

aversion to cold.

pà fëng

aversion to wind.

rè bìng

heat disease.

biàn bì

See constipation; block; qi block.

dà biàn shï jìn

Involuntary loss of stool. Fecal incontinence is attributable to spleen-kidney yang vacuity, qi vacuity fall, or exuberant heat toxin.

Spleen-kidney yang vacuity  (pí shèn yáng xü) causes prolonged diarrhea with frequent defecation the makes the anus incapable of containment, so that there is periodic discharge of slimy stool. Other signs include physical cold and fear of cold lack of warmth in the limbs, reduced eating, abdominal distention, aching lumbus, tinnitus, and long voidings of clear urine. The tongue is pale and enlarged with white, possibly glossy, fur. The pulse is sunken and fine.

Medication:  Treat by warming and supplementing the spleen and kidney, assisted by promoting astriction and stemming desertion. Use Six Pillars Beverage (lìu zhù yîn) with Cinnamomi Cortex (ròu guì), Zingiberis Rhizoma Exsiccatum (gän jiäng), and Halloysitum Rubrum (chì shí zhï).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, GV, and back transport points. Select BL-25 (dà cháng shü, Large Intestine Transport) , BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , GV-4 (mìng mén, Life Gate) , CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , LR-13 (zhäng mén, Camphorwood Gate) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , and ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) ; needle with supplementation and moxa. can be applied.

Qi vacuity fall  (qì xü xià xiàn) causes involuntary passing of stool of which the patient is unaware at the time. In severe cases, there is prolapse of the rectum. Other signs include emaciation, dullness of essence-spirit, poor appetite, oppression in the stomach duct after eating, heart palpitations and shortness of breath, shortage of qi and laziness to speak, faint low voice, and a bright white facial complexion. The tongue is pale and enlarged with dental impressions on the margins. The pulse is sunken, fine, and forceless.

Medication:  Supplement the center and boost qi; raise the fall and stem desertion. Use Pure Yang True Man Viscus-Nourishing Decoction (chún yáng zhën rén yâng zàng täng) plus Astragali (seu Hedysari) Radix (huáng qí), and Zingiberis Rhizoma Exsiccatum (gän jiäng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on GV and BL. Select GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , BL-25 (dà cháng shü, Large Intestine Transport) , GV-1 (cháng qiáng, Long Strong) , BL-57 (chéng shän, Mountain Support) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , and CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) ; needle with supplementation and moxa.

Intense heat toxin  (rè dú chì shèng) causing fecal incontinence is observed in epidemic toxin dysentery. This disease begins rapidly and is characterized by diarrhea that contains pus and bright purple blood or that is like blood water. Other signs include high fever, vexation and agitation, and thirst. In severe cases, there is tetanic reversal and clouded spirit with involuntary discharge of stool. The tongue is red with yellow fur. The pulse is surging and rapid or slippery and rapid.

Medication:  Clear heat and resolve toxin; cool construction and open the orifices. Use Coptis Toxin-Resolving Decoction (huáng lián jiê dú täng) combined with Pulsatilla Decoction (bái tóu wëng täng). For orifice block with clouded spirit, use Peaceful Palace Bovine Bezoar Pill (än göng níu huáng wán) or Supreme Jewel Elixir (zhì bâo dän).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LI and ST. Select LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , ST-37 (shàng jù xü, Upper Great Hollow) , ST-44 (nèi tíng, Inner Court) , LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , and GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) , needling with drainage; prick the to bleed. See efflux diarrhea.

shî qì

flatus.

dà biàn bù töng

See constipation.

chï däi

dementia.

rû shí jï zhì

A disease of the stomach and intestines in infants due to milk damage or food damage. arises when the infant cries urgently for food and begins feeding while still crying or when feeding problems arise in spleen-stomach vacuity. In such cases, other signs include heart vexation, poor sleep, hot breath, the sour smell of milk in the mouth, vomiting of undigested milk, and diarrhea or constipation.

Medication:  Treat by dispersing milk and harmonizing the stomach for Harmony-Preserving Pill (bâo hé wán).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on SP and ST. Select CV-10 (xià wân, Lower Stomach Duct) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , and SP-5 (shäng qïu, Shang Hill) . Apply shallow needling without needling retention; do not use moxa. Add BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , BL-21 (wèi shü, Stomach Transport) , SP-4 (göng sün, Yellow Emperor) , and LR-13 (zhäng mén, Camphorwood Gate) , needle with supplementation and moxa for spleen-stomach vacuity. is characterized by the inability to taste ingested foods, poor stomach intake, glomus in the stomach duct and abdominal distention. In some cases there may be tidal or low fever, and if the condition continues the child may become emaciated.

Medication:  The tip is treated by dispersing accumulation and abducting stagnation, whereas the root is treated by regulating the stomach and spleen. Harmony-Preserving Pill (bâo hé wán) or Stomach-Calming Powder (píng wèi sân) may be used initially and subsequently replaced with Spleen-Arousing Pill (qî pí wán) or Ginseng, Poria (Hoelen), and Ovate Atractylodes Powder (shën líng bái zhú sân).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV and ST. Select CV-10 (xià wân, Lower Stomach Duct) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , , and CV-21 (xuán jï, Jade Swivel) ; needle with drainage. Add GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) for tidal heat~effusion. also provides a useful complement to medicinal therapy.

qiè mài

See pulse examination.

pìn nüè

From Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Coffer (jïn guì yào lüè) in patients with yang vacuity with the malarial evil lying in the lesser yin channel, characterized by pronounced shivering with little or no heat~effusion, pale white complexion, and regular episodes.

Medication:  Outthrust the evil with warm acrid medicinals using Bupleurum, Cinnamon Twig, and Dried Ginger Decoction (chái hú guì jiäng täng) plus Dichroae Folium (shû qï).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on GV, hand and foot greater yang channels, and KI. Select GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) , SI-3 (hòu xï, Back Ravine) , PC-5 (jiän shî, Intermediary Courier) , GV-13 (táo dào, Kiln Path) , GB-39 (jué gû, Severed Bone) , KI-3 (tài xï, Great Ravine) , and KI-4 (dà zhöng, Large Goblet) ; needle with drainage and add moxa. For principles of treatment, see malaria.

bì gû

The bone of the upper leg. Also called thigh bone.

fën

Definition: 

Synonym:  candareen .

A unit of weight now equal to one hundredth of a liang, now equal to 0.3125~g. See tables and , page .

Definition:  A unit of length equal to tenth of a body-inch, or cun.

täi

Of or related to the fetus or the prenatal period.

täi shòu

fetal feebleness.

täi xián occurring within a hundred days of birth.

täi ruò

Synonym:  fetal emaciation ;

Synonym:  fetal timidity .

Any condition of qi or blood vacuity from birth, characterized by thin weak skin, lack of hair, physical cold and cold limbs, yellow facial complexion and emaciated flesh, inhibited bending and stretching of the sinews, and limp aching lumbus.

Medication:  Supplement qi and blood; enrich the liver and kidney. Use Perfect Major Supplementation Decoction (shí quán dà bû täng) and Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill (lìu wèi dì huáng wán) or their variations.

täi jïng

Fright wind in neonates other than umbilical wind, characterized by episodes of fright reversal, loss of consciousness, convulsions of the extremities, and spasm of the face. Fetal fright was traditionally attributed to poor nutrition or emotional disturbances during pregnancy.

täi gòu

Continued occurrence of menses during pregnancy; apparently has no negative effect on the child.

täi rè

Definition: 

A pathocondition in neonates resulting from contraction of heat in the uterus, attributed to the mother eating acrid hot foods or to a heat disease that was not properly cleared and resolved, and characterized by open eyes, red face, puffy swelling of the eyelids, continual crying, reddish urine, and thick stool.

Medication:  Clear heat and resolve toxin. Use Major Forsythia Beverage (dà lián qiào yîn) or Stomach-Clearing Powder (qïng wèi sân).

Definition:  Loss of eye brightness (visual acuity) with inability to see lights and fires, headache, dizziness, swelling of the cheeks and chin, attributed to liver channel heat toxin attacking upward as a result of excessive consumption of fried food and acrid hot-spicy foods and firy liquor. during pregnancy

täi rè dän dú

Synonym:  red wandering wind .

A form of infantile cinnabar toxin characterized by red smooth swollen patches on the head, trunk, and limbs. Fetal heat cinnabar toxin is attributed to deep-lying internal fetal toxin contending with the blood and exacerbated by wind. In some cases, warm clothing and the internal heat of breast milk may encourage the evil. Spreading from the abdomen and the back to the limbs is favorable; moving from the limbs to the abdomen and the back and to the scrotum is unfavorable.

Medication:  In the initial stages use Cimicifuga and Pueraria Decoction (shëng má gé gën täng) followed by Wind-Expelling Powder (qü fëng sân). In severe cases, use Major Forsythia Beverage (dà lián qiào yîn). If the patient has abdominal distention and does not take milk, toxic qi has entered the interior. In such cases, use Purple Snow Powder (zî xuê sân). Four Colors Powder (sì sè sân).

täi dân

Yellowing of skin in neonates attributed to damp-heat in the mother during pregnancy or to congenital insufficiency of original qi, that in mild cases disappears without treatment.

Damp-heat  (shï rè) causing severe fetal jaundice is characterized by a golden coloring of the skin accompanied by vigorous heat~effusion, constipation, and reddish urine.

Medication:  Clear heat and transform dampness. Use Gardenia and Phellodendron Decoction (zhï zî bâi pí täng) or Capillaris Decoction (yïn chén häo täng) with additions.

Congenital insufficiency of original qi  (yuán qì bù zú) , spleen qi vacuity, and nontransformation of cold-damp cause fetal jaundice characterized by a dark yellow lusterless complexion, cold limbs, and sloppy stool.

Medication:  Warm the spleen and transform dampness. Use Center-Rectifying Decoction (lî zhöng täng) plus Artemisiae Capillaris Herba (yïn chén häo).

täi xiân

suckling lichen.

täi shàn

Swelling of the scrotum in neonates.

täi féi

A condition of fatness at birth. The neonate suffering from fetal obesity is fat at birth and has pinkish eyes. After the first month, he begins to lose weight. Additional signs are vexing heat in the five hearts, difficult defecation, and drooling. Fetal obesity is attributed to stomach heat in the mother.

täi yuán

Definition: 

The fetus.

Definition:  The original qi of the mother used to nourish the fetus. afterbirth.

täi qì

Definition: 

The essential qi received by the fetus from the mother. The development of the fetus is depending upon fetal qi. If fetal qi is insufficient, the child will suffer from developmental diseases and a weak body. Hence, a child unable to stand and walk at the age of four or five is said to suffer from insufficiency of fetal qi.

Definition:  The ability of the fetus to affect the health of the mother, e.g., upward forcing of fetal qi, and specifically, certain diseases of pregnancy, e.g., puffing of the face during pregnancy, or abdominal pain during pregnancy.

täi qì shàng bï

Synonym:  upward forcing of fetal qi .

Stirring of the fetus with qi counterflow, usually attributable to qi-blood disharmony stemming from illness or general weakness in the mother.

täi chì

Definition: 

A condition of neonates characterized by redness of the skin that gives the appearance of having been smeared with cinnabar and attributed to contraction of heat toxin in the uterus.

Definition:  Ulceration of the eyelid in infants; fetal wind.

täi lòu

Passing of blood via the vagina in pregnancy. Fetal spotting is usually caused by qi-blood vacuity, kidney vacuity, or blood heat causing insecurity of the thoroughfare and controlling vessels and preventing the containment of blood that nourishes the fetus. It may take the form of periodic bleeding in small amounts, or spotting according to the times of the period.

Qi vacuity  (qì xü) patterns are characterized by shortage of qi and laziness to speak.

Medication:  Supplement qi and quiet the fetus with Origin-Lifting Brew (jû yuán jiän).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on GV, CV, and SP. Select GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) ; needle with supplementation and moxa.

Blood vacuity  (xuè xü) patterns are characterized by pale yellow facial complexion, as well as fatigue and lack of strength.

Medication:  Supplement the blood and quiet the fetus with Fetal Origin Beverage (täi yuán yîn).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, SP, and back transport points. Select CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , and BL-21 (wèi shü, Stomach Transport) ; needle with supplementation and moxa.

Kidney vacuity  (shèn xü) patterns are characterized by dizzy head, tinnitus, and frequent urination.

Medication:  Secure the kidney and quiet the fetus with Fetal Longevity Pill (shòu täi wán).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, SP, and KI. Select CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , KI-3 (tài xï, Great Ravine) , KI-7 (fù lïu, Recover Flow) , and GV-4 (mìng mén, Life Gate) ; needle with supplementation and moxa.

Blood heat  (xuè rè) patterns are characterized by dry mouth and pharynx, and vexation.

Medication:  Clear heat, cool the blood, and quiet the fetus with Yin-Safeguarding Brew (bâo yïn jiän).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV and SP. Select CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , CV-3 (zhöng jí, Central Pole) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , SP-1 (yîn bái, Hidden White) , SP-10 (xuè hâi, Sea of Blood) , and KI-2 (rán gû, Blazing Valley) ; needle with drainage. In repletion pattern fetal spotting, a draining needle stimulus should be applied with care. The needle sensation must be increased gradually from weak to strong, and draining should not be performed until the patient has become accustomed to it.

täi qiè

fetal feebleness.

täi dú

Boils, pox, or other sores in infants traditionally attributed to heat toxin in the mother, but understood by Western medicine to be attributable to infection after birth.

täi shuî

A condition of abdominal fullness, swelling, and distention associated with panting in the sixth and seventh month of pregnancy.

täi fëng

A condition of neonates characterized by generalized heat~effusion and redness of the skin like that produced by a burn. Fetal wind is attributed to spleen-stomach heat accumulation in the mother due to excessive consumption of acrid hot foods during pregnancy.

chòu tián luó

foot qi sore.

shù

To inhibit the normal action (of a part of the body). Describes the inhibitive effect of evils, especially on the exterior of the body or the lung. See exuberance and debilitation.

täi

The child in the womb.

fä rè

heat effusion.

shí wû luò

See network vessel.

wû gëng jïng sòu occurring or becoming more severe just before daybreak (

4--6 a.m.) A few coughs just before daybreak usually indicate phlegm-fire. Cough before daybreak with copious phlegm usually indicates spleen vacuity. A daytime cough that is worse in the early morning indicates food accumulation in the stomach.

Medication:  Treat phlegm-fire patterns with Two Matured Ingredients Decoction (èr chén täng) plus Scutellariae Radix (huáng qín), Platycodonis Radix (jié gêng), and Mori Radicis Cortex (säng bái pí). Spleen vacuity patterns are treated with Six Gentlemen Decoction (lìu jün zî täng) plus Zingiberis Rhizoma Tostum (páo jiäng). For food accumulation patterns see food cough.

wû gëng jïng xiè

Synonym:  early morning diarrhea .

Described in Prolonging Life and Preserving the Origin (shòu shì bâo yuán) Diarrhea before daybreak. Fifth-watch diarrhea is usually caused by kidney vacuity; hence the term is often considered synonymous with kidney diarrhea. Strictly speaking, however, fifth-watch diarrhea may also be caused by food accumulation, liquor accumulation, and liver fire.

Food accumulation  (shí jï) causes attacks of pain before daybreak relieved slightly by diarrhea. The pulse is sunken and slippery.

Medication:  Use variations of Harmony-Preserving Pill (bâo hé wán).

Liquor accumulation  (jîu jï) fifth-watch diarrhea is heralded by pain before daybreak and is characterized by yellow foamy diarrhea, reddish urine or urine like rice water, and a rapid surging or rapid wiry pulse.

Medication:  Sichuan Coptis and Bitter Orange Decoction (chuän lián zhî ké täng).

Liver fire  (gän huô) fifth-watch diarrhea is characterized by continual pain in the chest and rib-side that reaches into the lesser abdomen, and is associated with reduced sleep. Before daybreak, there is pain in the left lower abdomen with a desire to go to the toilet, that is is relieved by defecation. The pulse is stringlike and rapid.

Medication:  Use Gentian Liver-Draining Decoction (lóng dân xiè gän täng). See kidney diarrhea; diarrhea.

wû shí jiän

leaky shoulder wind.

háo zhën

One of the nine needles of ancient China that has been developed into a variety of fine needles of varying length most commonly used in performing acupuncture today. The filiform needle is now generally made from a stainless steel wire that is sharpened at one end and has a thin wire of copper, stainless steel, or silver wrapped around its opposite end as a handle. Stainless steel is chosen for the body of the needle because of its flexibility, strength, and resistance to oxidation. Though silver and gold also resist oxidation, they are expensive, and are relatively soft metals. Thus, they are used only in specific systems of practice when their pliability does not impede treatment. Filiform needles range in size from 15~mm to 150~mm in length and 0.22~mm to 0.30~mm (30 to 34 gauge) in diameter.

xì mài

Synonym:  small pulse .

A pulse that feels like a well-defined fine thread under the fingers. The fine pulse indicates dual vacuity of qi and blood, or of yin and yang, and in particular points to blood and yin vacuity.

zhî qiè jìn zhën fâ

Synonym:  nail-

press needle insertion .

Two-handed needle insertion technique involving the application of pressure with a single nail. Press either the thumbnail, or the nail of the index finger of the left hand, onto the skin surface over the point. Holding the handle of the needle with right thumb and forefinger, support the needle tip against the finger nail. Keeping the needle next to the nail, insert it through the skin with a quick, firm downward motion. Application: The single-finger press is used to insert needles 2" or less in length. It is also employed in areas near to a palpable pulse: the pressing finger covers the pulse and the needle is inserted next to it, thus protecting the blood vessel from injury during insertion. This method, though used in China, does not meet Western standards of a clean field because the needle comes into contact with the thumbnail.

zhî cùn fâ

From A Thousand Gold Pieces Prescriptions (qiän jïn yào fäng) Finger measurements as a standard for calculating the body-inch. The finger standard includes the middle finger body-inch (the length of the phalange of the middle finger), thumb body-inch (the distance between the two transverse creases), and hand standard (the breath of the hand measured at the middle joints of the fingers). See body-inch.

zhên zhî wén

infant's finger examination.

huô

Definition: 

Flames and heat from burning matter.

Definition:  One of the five phases; the phase with which summer, south, red, the heart, and joy are associated.

Definition:  In physiology, a transmutation of yang qi explained as a vital force, e.g., sovereign fire, ministerial fire, and lesser fire.

Definition:  One of the six qi; hot weather. See heat.

Definition:  One of the six excesses, which when invading the body, can causes the following signs: Pronounced generalized or local signs of heat, such as high fever, aversion to heat, desire for coolness, flushed complexion, reddening of the eyes, reddish urine, red tongue, yellow fur, rapid pulse, or, in sore patterns, redness, heat, pain, and swelling. Thick, sticky excreta, such as thick snivel (nasal mucus), thick yellow phlegm, sour watery vomitus, murky urine, blood and pus in the stool, acute diarrhea, or foul-smelling stools, often with a burning sensation on discharge. For this reason Elementary Questions (sù wèn) states, ``Turbid water is associated with heat,'' and ``all sour retching and vomiting, fulminant downpour, and lower body distress are ascribed to heat.'' Damage to the fluids characterized by a dry tongue with little liquid, thirst with desire for cold fluids, and dry hard stool. Bleeding, and maculopapular eruptions that occur when the fire evil scorches the blood and causes frenetic blood movement. Disturbances of the spirit and vision as Elementary Questions (sù wèn) states, ``All heat with visual distortion is ascribed to fire,'' and ``excessive agitation and mania are associated with fire.''

Definition:  A pathological state that is either caused by fire as one of the six excesses, and classified as heat among the eight principles, or any similar pathological state arising from the transformation of other evils, from the transformation of yang qi, or from yin vacuity. The transformation of yang qi due to affect damage (emotional disturbance) or the transformation of exterior evils as they enter the interior causes repletion fire. This condition is characterized by high fever, headache, red eyes, bitter taste in the mouth, dry mouth, thirst with desire for cold drinks, vexation and agitation, rib-side pain, abdominal pain that refuses pressure, constipation, red tongue with dry yellow fur and sometimes prickles, and a rapid replete pulse. In severe cases, there is blood ejection or spontaneous external bleeding, or maculopapular eruptions. The most common repletion fire patterns are gastrointestinal repletion fire or liver-gallbladder repletion fire. Depletion of yin humor and yin-yang imbalance in the organs causes vacuity fire, which is characterized by mild heat signs, tidal reddening of the face, vexing heat in the five hearts, steaming bone taxation heat~effusion, vexation and insomnia, night sweating, short voidings of reddish urine, dry mouth and throat, red tongue with scant fur, or a bare red tongue without fur, and a forceless rapid fine pulse. Compare heat.

shuî huô xiäng jì

Heart fire and kidney water balance each other. In the doctrine of the five phases, the heart belongs to fire and the kidney belongs to water, and each restrains the other. Compare fire and water failing to aid each other.

shuî huô bù jì

A failure in the relationship between heart fire and kidney water arising either when kidney water is insufficient and fails to complement heart fire or heart fire moves frenetically and damages kidney yin. Signs such as vexation, insomnia, and seminal emission are observed. See fire and water aid each other. Compare noninteraction of the heart and kidney; depleted water and effulgent fire.

shuî huô zhì

Fire and water treatment involves treatment with both fire and water, sometimes with the use of adjuvants. The main forms are: steaming; boiling; double-boiling; distillation; scalding. See processing of medicinals.

huô xìng shàng yán

Fire is characterized by rising flames, and diseases in the body attributed to fire are associated with upper body heat signs. Distinction is made between repletion and vacuity fire. Repletion fire includes fire heat damaging the lung, which causes panting and cough, coughing of blood, and nosebleed, and fire distressing the heart spirit, which manifests as headache, vomiting, clouded spirit, and delirious raving. Vacuity fire, which is yang hyperactivity due to yin vacuity stemming from depletion of essence blood, manifests as vexation and agitation, sore throat, hoarse voice, bleeding gums, and tinnitus. Most of these signs reflect the upward flaming nature of fire.

huô dän

cinnabar toxin.

Synonym:  fire flow ;

Synonym:  lower limb fire flow .

Cinnabar toxin affecting the legs. See cinnabar toxin.

huô ké due to fire evil damaging the lung.

Fire cough is characterized by cough with scant phlegm that may be streaked with blood, vexation thirst, red facial complexion, chest and rib-side pain, and constipation. Distinction is made between repletion and vacuity.

Repletion  (shí huô ké) fire cough is characterized by a surging rapid or stringlike rapid pulse.

Medication:  Repletion fire cough is treated by clearing the lung and draining fire using White-Draining Powder (xiè bái sân) or Diaphragm-Cooling Powder (liáng gé sân).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LU and LI. Select BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , LU-10 (yú jì, Fish Border) , LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) , and GV-12 (shën zhù, Body Pillar) ; needle with drainage. Prick LU-11 (shào shäng, Lesser Shang) to bleed.

Vacuity  (xü huô ké) fire cough is characterized by a red tongue with scant fur and a forceless rapid fine pulse.

Medication:  Vacuity fire cough is treated by enriching yin and downbearing fire, using formulas such as Yin-Enriching Clearing Transforming Pill (zï yïn qïng huà wán).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LU and KI. Select BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , BL-43 (gäo huäng shü, Gao-Huang Transport) , LU-5 (chî zé, Cubit Marsh) , KI-3 (tài xï, Great Ravine) , and KI-6 (zhào hâi, Shining Sea) ; needle with supplementation.

huô guàn

A cup-like instrument used in fire cupping. See cupping.

huô guàn

See cupping.

huô yù

See heat depression.

huô yù sòu

Synonym:  taxation cough .

due to fire depression. Zhu Dan-Xi considered taxation cough to be caused by fire depression. In Dan Xi's Experiential Methods (dän xï xïn fâ) he states, ``Taxation cough is fire depression cough. Use Chebulae Fructus (hë zî) to treat lung qi. Fire causing extreme damage and becoming depressed causes distention, fullness, and sleeplessness. Chebule's sour bitter flavor promotes contraction and downbears fire. It is assisted by Pumex (hâi fú shí) soaked in Infantis Urina (tóng biàn), Cyperi Rhizoma (xiäng fù zî), Trichosanthis Fructus (guä lóu), Indigo Pulverata Levis (qïng dài), Armeniacae Semen (xìng rén), and Pinelliae Massa Fermentata (bàn xià qü); blend with Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (shëng jiäng) and Mel (mì) [to make pills, which are] sucked in the mouth.''

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LU, KI, PC, and LR. Select BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , LU-5 (chî zé, Cubit Marsh) , KI-6 (zhào hâi, Shining Sea) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) ; needle with drainage and prick LU-11 (shào shäng, Lesser Shang) and PC-8 (láo göng, Palace of Toil) to bleed. See taxation cough.

huô yù chuân attributable to fire depression obstructing the lung and preventing the diffusion of lung qi.

Fire depression panting is characterized by hasty rapid panting, oppressed and confused spirit-affect, reversal cold of the limbs, and a sunken hidden pulse.

Medication:  Diffuse depressed heat. Use Free Wanderer Powder (xiäo yáo sân) combined with Left-Running Metal Pill (zuô jïn wán).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LU and LR. Select , LU-7 (liè quë, Broken Sequence) , LU-5 (chî zé, Cubit Marsh) , CV-17 (shän zhöng, Chest Center) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , BL-18 (gän shü, Liver Transport) , and GB-34 (yáng líng quán, Yang Mound Spring) . Needle with drainage. For exuberant fire evil, prick PC-8 (láo göng, Palace of Toil) and LU-11 (shào shäng, Lesser Shang) to bleed.

huô xiè

heat diarrhea.

huô yân

wind-fire eye.

huô bù shëng tû

Kidney yang failing to warm the spleen. Earth represents the spleen, whereas fire represents kidney yang (not the heart). In kidney yang vacuity (insufficiency of the life gate fire), the spleen is deprived of warmth and its ability to transform food water-damp is affected. Hence, there are signs of spleen-kidney yang vacuity such as such as cold limp lumbus and knees, nontransformation of food, inhibited urination, swelling, and fifth-watch diarrhea. See spleen-kidney yang vacuity.

huô xiàn

Transmission of the heat toxin from flat-abscess of the head to construction-blood. In its exuberant heat toxin stage, a flat-abscess of the head becomes dark purple in color, pus ceases to flow from the open head, and the opening becomes dry. The base of the flat-abscess becomes broad and diffuse. At this stage, the heat toxin enters the construction blood, causing vigorous heat~effusion, thirst, heart vexation, agitation, delirious speech, constipation, reddish urine, a crimson tongue, and a rapid pulse.

Medication:  Clear construction, cool the blood, and resolve toxin. Use Construction-Clearing Decoction (qïng yíng täng), Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Decoction (xï jiâo dì huáng täng), or Coptis Toxin-Resolving Decoction (huáng lián jiê dú täng). If necessary, Peaceful Palace Bovine Bezoar Pill (än göng níu huáng wán) or Purple Snow Elixir (zî xuê dän) may also be used to open the orifices. For topical treatment, see headed flat-abscess.

Western Medical Concept:  toxemia* toxemia. See fall pattern.

líu huô

Synonym:  fire cinnabar leg .

Cinnabar toxin affecting the legs. See cinnabar toxin.

huà huô

See transformation into fire.

huô gän

A red granule, like a pomegranate seed in shape, bulging forward from deep within the white of the eye, and growing gradually larger. Fire gan is associated with redness, pain, tearing, aversion to light, and unclear vision. In some cases, it can affect the pupil, leading to loss of sight. In the latter stages, pain and redness abate to leave purple-blue or blue-gray patches.

Medication:  Clear heat and resolve toxin; clear the blood and dissipate binds. Use formulas such as Heart-Washing Powder (xî xïn sân). Formulas containing biles may be applied topically. See gan.

huô dài chuäng

girdling fire cinnabar.

huô tóu tòng

Synonym:  fire heat headache .

characterized by throbbing or distending pain reaching into the tooth bed (the jaw) or from in front of the ear to within the ear, and attended by heat vexation, thirst, constipation, and a large surging pulse. Fire headache is attributed to yang brightness fire surging upward.

Western Medical Concept:  headache*!vascular headache*!otogenic headache*!odontogenic vascular headache, otogenic headache, odontogenic headache.

Medication:  Clear heat and drain fire, using White Tiger Decoction (bái hû täng) or Jade Lady Brew (yù nüê jiän).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on ST and LI. Select ST-8 (tóu wéi, Head Corner) , ST-44 (nèi tíng, Inner Court) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , and KI-6 (zhào hâi, Shining Sea) ; needle with drainage.

huô xïn tòng

heat heart pain.

huô rè

Heat produced by fire.

huô rè tóu tòng

fire headache.

huô zhën

A needle 3--4" long with a pointed tip and a handle made of horn, bamboo, or wood. Fire needle is used in fire needling.

huô zhën

A method of acupuncture involving the swift pricking of the skin with a red hot needle. Fire needling is used in the treatment of welling-abscess , scrofula, stubborn lichen , and impediment pain. This method corresponds to red-hot needling among the nine needling methods.

huô chuân

Definition: 

Synonym:  lung-

stomach flaming fire panting .

due to lung-stomach flaming fire arising when repletion fire in the stomach surges up into the lung, and characterized by periodic panting that is relieved by eating, and resumes after eating.

Medication:  Clear fire and flush phlegm using White Tiger Decoction (bái hû täng) or Phlegm-Abducting Decoction (dâo tán täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LU, ST, LI, and CV. Select LU-1 (zhöng fû, Central Treasury) , BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , , LU-5 (chî zé, Cubit Marsh) , LU-7 (liè quë, Broken Sequence) , ST-44 (nèi tíng, Inner Court) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , and ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) ; needle with drainage. For exuberant fire evil, add LU-11 (shào shäng, Lesser Shang) , pricking to bleed.

Definition:  due to ascent of thoroughfare vessel fire.

Medication:  Discharge thoroughfare vessel fire with Kidney-Enriching Gate-Opening Pill (zï shèn töng guän wán).

huô tán

Definition: 

Heat phlegm.

Definition:  Externally contracted dryness phlegm.

Definition:  A pattern of phlegm lodged in the stomach duct with clamoring stomach, rising phlegm, vomiting and retching, swallowing of upflowing acid, and baking heat in the head and face.

huô zhì

Processing medicinals by the application of heat. Fire processing methods involve either direct or indirect contact of the materials with a heat source, sometimes with adjuvants. Care is required in controlling time and temperature, and the quantity of any additive used; excessively high temperatures can cause undesirable changes in a medicinal's characteristics. The most common forms of fire processing are the various forms of stir-frying and mix-frying. Less commonly used methods are roasting and stone-baking.

huô kuò

See eight ramparts.

huô zhòng

A condition similar to wind stroke, characterized by sudden clouding collapse (clouding of consciousness and collapse), loss of consciousness, inability to speak, deviated eyes and mouth, red facial complexion, vexation and agitation, and constipation. Fire stroke is usually attributed to fulminant heart fire harassing the heart spirit, or less commonly to kidney yin vacuity with vacuity fire flaming upward.

Medication:  For fulminant heart fire harassing the heart spirit, clear the heart and drain fire; free the orifices and quiet the spirit. Use formulas such as Bovine Bezoar Heart-Clearing Pill (níu huáng qïng xïn wán) or Diaphragm-Cooling Powder (liáng gé sân). For kidney yin vacuity with vacuity fire flaming upward, enrich water to constrain fire. Use Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill (lìu wèi dì huáng wán). If there is copious phlegm, use variations of Fritillaria and Trichosanthes Powder (bèi mû guä lóu sân).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on GV, LI, hand and foot reverting yin PC/LR, and HT. Main points: GV-26 (shuî göu, Water Trough) , GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , PC-9 (zhöng chöng, Central Hub) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , LR-2 (xíng jiän, Moving Between) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , KI-1 (yông quán, Gushing Spring) , and GB-34 (yáng líng quán, Yang Mound Spring) ; needle with drainage. Prick HT-8 (shào fû, Lesser Mansion) to bleed. Selection of points according to patterns: For fulminant heart fire, add PC-8 (láo göng, Palace of Toil) and HT-7 (shén mén, Spirit Gate) , and needle with drainage. For vacuity fire flaming upward, add KI-3 (tài xï, Great Ravine) , KI-6 (zhào hâi, Shining Sea) , and KI-2 (rán gû, Blazing Valley) , and needle with even supplementation and drainage. For copious phlegm, add ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , and CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , and needle with drainage.

huô bû huô xiè

See moxibustion supplementing and draining.

huô shäng fëng

A condition characterized by dry cough without phlegm, dry mouth, sore pharynx and a dry red tongue.

Medication:  Clear and dissipate wind-fire using formulas such as Mulberry Leaf and Chrysanthemum Beverage (säng jú yîn) and Licorice and Platycodon Decoction (gän jié täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LU, GB, and LI. Select GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) , TB-5 (wài guän, Outer Pass) , LU-5 (chî zé, Cubit Marsh) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , and GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) ; needle with drainage, and prick LU-11 (shào shäng, Lesser Shang) to bleed.

láo mài

Synonym:  confined pulse .

A forceful sunken pulse that feels ``tied to the bone''; hence its name. It is associated with cold pain. In clinical practice, the name firm pulse is rarely used. Instead it is called a stringlike sunken pulse or a sunken full pulse.

yì yáng

Lesser yang .

yì yïn

Reverting yin .

yú

The fleshy part of the hand below the base of the thumb, so named because it resembles a fish's belly.

Western Medical Concept:  thenar (eminence).

yú kôu

Definition: 

A bubo sore that has burst and fails to heal.

Definition:  A bubo sore on the left side of the body, as distinct a from bian toxin sore, which is one on the right.

yú luò

The network vessels of the fish's margin. Congestion of blood in the fish network vessels is an indication of yang brightness disease. The Magic Pivot (líng shü) states, ``Fish network flushed with blood indicate yang brightness disease.'' The Magic Pivot (líng shü) states, ``Green-blue blood vessels on the white flesh of the fish means cold in the stomach.''

yú jì

The boundary between the red (tanned) and white flesh on the fish (thenar eminence).

xïng wèi

The smell characteristic of fish or blood.

shé liè

A tongue bearing deep longitudinal furrows or creases. The fissures vary in depth and position. Occurring in conjunction with a dry tongue, they indicate fluid vacuity. They may also occur in exuberant heat patterns, in conjunction with a crimson tongue.

lòu chuäng

See anal fistula.

wû jï

Substantial lumps in the chest or abdomen, each associated with one viscus. See deep-lying beam; fat qi; glomus qi; rushing respiration; running piglet. See Table .

wû wù

aversions of the five viscera.

wû sè

Green-blue, red, yellow, white, and black, associated in in the doctrine of the five phases with the liver, heart, spleen, lung, and kidney respectively. See disease correspondences of the five colors.

wû dài

Name of a dynastic period ( 907--960)

wû rù

five flavor entries.

wû xié

Definition:  The Classic of Difficult Issues (nàn jïng) states,

``There is wind stroke, summerheat damage, food, drink and taxation fatigue, cold damage, and dampness damage. These are called the five evils.''

Definition:  Vacuity evil, repletion evil, bandit evil, mild evil, regular evil. The Classic of Difficult Issues (nàn jïng) states, ``That coming from behind is vacuity evil; that coming from ahead is repletion evil; that coming from the restraining phase is bandit evil; that coming from the restrained phase is mild evil; that causing disease of self is regular evil.'' Behind refers to the mother organ, ahead is the child organ, and self is the affected organ itself.

Definition:  In Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Coffer (jïn guì yào lüè) wind, cold, dampness, fog, and food damage are referred to as the five evils.

wû wèi suô rù

Synonym:  five entries .

The viscera entered, i.e., acted upon, by sour, bitter, sweet, acrid, and salty agents. Elementary Questions (sù wèn) states, ``The five-flavor entries are: sourness enters the liver; bitterness enters the heart; sweetness enters the spleen; acridity enters the lung; saltiness enters the kidney.'' Thus, for example, sour medicinals may be used to treat, or conduct the action of other medicinals to treat, disease of the liver or of liver channel.

wû wèi

Acridity, sourness, sweetness, bitterness, and saltiness. Medicinals or foodstuffs of different flavors have different actions. Acridity can dissipate and move; sourness can contract and astringe; sweetness can supplement and relax (i.e., relieve pain and tension); bitterness can drain and dry; saltiness can soften hardness and induce moist precipitation. These actions are explained by modern pharmacy as follows: Acrid medicinals contain volatile oils; sour medicinals contain organic acids; sweet medicinals contain sugars; bitter medicinals contain biological alkalis, glycosides, or bitter substances. In addition to the five flavors, there is a sixth, blandness, which has a water-disinhibiting action. According to Elementary Questions (sù wèn) the flavors can be classified as yin and yang: ``Acrid and sweet effusing (i.e., diaphoretic) and dissipating medicinals are yang; sour and bitter upwelling (i.e., emetic) and discharging (i.e., draining) medicinals are yin; salty upwelling and discharging medicinals are yin; bland percolating and discharging medicinals are yang.'' According to The Comprehensive Herbal Foundation (bên câo gäng mù) there is a relationship between flavor and bearing: ``no sour or salty medicinals bear upward; no sweet or acrid ones bear downward. No cold medicinals float; no hot ones sink.''

wû gän

Any of the gan patterns associated with disease of one of the five viscera. See gan of the heart; gan of the liver; gan of the spleen; gan of the lung; gan of the kidney.

wû zhû

See governings of the five viscera.

wû xïn

The soles of the feet, the palms of the hand, and the center of the chest.

wû yì

Sweat, snivel (nasal mucus), tears, drool, and spittle. See five viscera form humors.

wû bì

Definition: 

From Elementary Questions (sù wèn) Sinew, vessel, flesh, skin, and bone impediment.

Definition:  From Central Treasury Canon (zhöng zàng jïng) Sinew, bone, blood, flesh, and qi impediment .

Definition:  From Central Treasury Canon (zhöng zàng jïng) Wind, cold, dampness, heat, and qi impediment .

Five Impediments Elementary Questions (sù wèn) sinew impediment vessel impediment flesh impediment skin impediment bone impediment Central Treasury Canon (zhöng zàng jïng) sinew impediment bone impediment blood impediment flesh impediment qi impediment Central Treasury Canon (zhöng zàng jïng) wind impediment cold impediment damp impediment heat impediment qi impediment

wû ruân

Five signs of poor development in infants. Softness of the head, limpness of the neck, limpness of the hands and feet, limpness of the flesh, and limpness of the mouth. Compare five slownesses; fetal feebleness.

wû zhì

Joy, anger, anxiety, thought, fear. These are five basic forms of mental and emotional activity, which in excess can cause disease. See mind; excess among the five minds; internal damage by the seven affects.

wû zhì huà huô

Excess of one or more of the five minds (joy, anger, anxiety, thought, and fear) causing fire signs such as vexation and agitation, irascibility, dizziness, insomnia, bitter taste in the mouth, rib-side pain, panting and cough, and blood ejection. In modern medicine, lasting mental or emotional activity causes nervous excitement or depression, which affects normal functions of the body. In Chinese medicine, the five minds or seven affects are seen to cause disturbances of qi and depletion of the true yin of the bowels and viscera, causing heat signs.

wû yùn lìu qì

See doctrine of periods and qi.

wû xìu

Animal odor, burnt odor, fragrant odor, fishy odor, and putrid odor.

wû guän

Definition: 

The nose, eyes, lips, tongue, and ears. The Magic Pivot (líng shü) states, ``The nose is the office of the lung, the eyes are the office of the liver, the lips are the office of the spleen, the tongue is the office of the heart, and the ears are the office of the lung.''

Definition:  Five diagnostic correspondences of colors and positions to disease. The liver governs green-blue; the heart, red; the spleen, yellow; the lung, white; the kidney, black. Disease of the liver is characterized by green-blue eyes; disease of the spleen is characterized by yellowing of the lips; disease of the heart is characterized by a short curled tongue and reddening of the checks; disease of the lung is characterized by flaring nostrils; kidney disease is characterized by blackening of the eye sockets, or black coloration of the cheeks, forehead, and face. The Magic Pivot (líng shü) also states, ``Green-blue or black is pain; yellow or red is heat; white is cold. These are the five offices.''

wû yùn lìu qì

five movements and six qi. See doctrine of periods and qi.

wû xíng

Wood, fire, earth, metal, and water. The five phases, like yin and yang, are categories of quality and relationship. The ancient Chinese saw phenomena within the universe as the products of the movement and mutation of five entities: wood, fire, earth, metal, and water. These represent qualities that relate to each other in specific ways. Other groups of five phenomena that have like qualities and relate to each other in analogous ways are said to belong to the five phases. See Tables and . ``Wood is the bending and the straightening.'' It grows upward and spreads outward; it has the characteristics of growth, upward effusion, orderly reaching, and uninhibitedness. It is associated with spring, the time of growth at the beginning of the cycle of the seasons, and with the east, the position at which the sun rises to herald the new day. It is associated with the green of new leaves and the sour taste of unripe fruit. ``Fire is the flaming upward,'' having the quality of heat and upward motion. It is associated with summer, when the heat of the sun reaches its peak, and with the south, the position toward which (in the northern hemisphere) the sun moves as it approaches the time when it gives off its greatest heat. It is related to the red and to bitterness. ``Earth is the sowing and reaping,'' representing the planting and harvesting of crops and the bringing forth of phenomena. It is associated with the long summer, the season in which the momentum of summer heat ripens the crops. Long summer is the intermediate season between summer and fall, and is related to the central position. Earth is yellow in color (the Chinese word includes brown) and is associated with the sweetness of ripened fruit. ``Metal is the working of change,'' having the qualities of purification, elimination, and reform. Metal implements help man cut grain and slaughter animals, thereby working the changes that ensure his survival. This notion is akin to that of autumn, the season when the first frosts kill life and purify nature. Metal is also associated with West, the position at which the sun sets, and with the white color of frost and with the purifying action of acrid-smelling things. ``Water is the moistening and descending to low places,'' having the qualities of moistening, downward movement, and coldness. Water is associated with winter, the season in which nature preserves itself until the spring, and with the north, where the sun hides in the daily cycle. It is also associated with the blackness of night and with saltiness, the taste of sea water. In medicine, the five viscera are each associated with one of the five phases: Liver-wood: The liver controls the movement of qi around the body; it spreads qi just as the trees spread their branches. Hence The Inner Canon (nèi jïng) says that the liver ``thrives by orderly reaching.'' Also, just as trees and other plants sprout upward in spring, so liver yang tends to stir upward. Heart-fire: The heart has the function of propelling qi and blood to warm and nourish the whole body. It is like a fire that drives the body just as the firy heat of summer makes nature flourish. Spleen-earth: The spleen is ascribed the function of assimilating nutrients from ingested foods, expressed in traditional terms as ``moving and transforming the essence of grain and water'' (i.e., food). It is the source of qi and blood that nourish and drive the body, just as earth brings forth the crops in long summer. Lung-metal: The lung draws in fresh air, and is ascribed the function of working change on the fluids by turning them into red blood. It is also given the function of controlling the downward movement of fluids to the kidney and bladder, so that it is responsible for the purifying removal of waste fluids. Thus, the lung has qualities that correspond to the purifying frost of autumn. Kidney-water: The kidney is the low place to which the fluids of the body flow. In addition to this, the kidney stores essence, just as nature preserves itself in winter dormancy. The phenomena associated with each of the five phases not only bear qualitative similarities to each other, but also relate to other phenomena associated with the same phase in like fashion. Just as water engenders wood, so winter gives way to spring, and the kidney nourishes the liver. More about five-phase relationships under engendering, restraining, rebellion, and overwhelming.

wû zhù xué

Five points: CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , CV-14 (jù què, Great Tower Gate) , CV-10 (xià wân, Lower Stomach Duct) , and bilateral ST-21 (liáng mén, Beam Gate) , (CV-12 is two body-inches from each of the other points), which are poled to treat spleen vacuity diarrhea and cold-damp diarrhea. CV-12 is four body-inches above the umbilicus and is two inches from each of the other points. Compare cross moxa.

wû yí

The dietary requirements of the five viscera.

wû chí

Five forms of retardation in the development of infants: slowness to stand; slowness to walk; slowness to grow hair; slowness to teethe; slowness to speak. Compare five limpnesses.

wû lín

Stone, qi, unctuous, taxation, and blood strangury. The general features of strangury are urinary frequency and urgency and difficult voiding, as well as dribbling incontinence. , unctuous strangury, and blood strangury, which are characterized respectively by calculus, milky urine, and bloody urine, are mostly caused by damp-heat in the lower burner. takes two forms: if characterized by distention and pain in the lower abdomen stretching into the scrotum, inhibited urination and pain after urination, it is the result of bladder qi stagnation; if characterized by pain and distention in the lower abdomen and dribble after urination, it is the result of spleen-kidney qi vacuity. is strangury brought on by overexertion and is characterized by dull pain in the urethra after voiding and by fatigued limbs. Often developing from other forms of strangury, it is a manifestation of spleen qi and/or kidney yang vacuity.

wû láo

Definition:  Elementary Questions (sù wèn)

Damage by the five taxations: prolonged vision damages the blood; prolonged lying damages qi; prolonged sitting damages the flesh; prolonged standing damages the bones; and prolonged walking damages the sinews.

Definition:  Visceral taxation damage, i.e., lung taxation, liver taxation, heart taxation, spleen taxation, and kidney taxation.

wû láo qï shäng

See five taxations; seven damages.

wû shü xué

Any of a series of five points below the elbows or knees on each of the twelve channels. The five points are the well, brook (spring), stream, channel (river), and uniting points, which each have five-phase correspondences that differ from the yang to the yin channels. On the lung channel, for example, LU-11 (shào shäng, Lesser Shang) is the well point corresponding to wood; LU-10 (yú jì, Fish Border) is the brook point corresponding to fire; LU-9 (tài yuän, Great Abyss) is the stream point corresponding to earth; LU-8 (jïng qú, Channel Ditch) is the channel point corresponding to metal. The points of the other channels are presented in Table . The names well, brook, stream, channel, and uniting reflect the nature of the flow of qi at each of these points. The ancient Chinese likened the flow of qi in the channels to the flow of water from its source in the mountains to its home in the sea. At the well points, which are located at the ends of the digits, the qi is shallow and meek. At the brook points, on the hands and feet, the qi has a gushing quality. At the channel points in the area of the wrist and ankle, the qi is described as being like water pouring downward from a shallow place to a deeper one. At the river points on the forearm and lower leg, the qi has developed into a powerful flow. At the uniting points at the knees and elbows, the qi goes deep into the body to unite with its home organ, just as a river flows into the sea. These names are only intended to describe the nature of the qi at each of the five points; they are not intended to indicate the direction of the flow of qi. On the yang channels of the foot and the yin channels of the arm, the image of the five transport points suggests that qi is moving counter to its actual direction.

Application:  The transport points are used in different ways clinically. They can be used in the treatment of certain conditions or at certain times of the year. They can also be used in a way that applies to five-phase relationships. Employment according to type of condition: Clinical experience recorded in modern literature shows that the well points are most effective for conditions characterized by clouded spirit, the spring points are best for externally contracted heat (febrile) diseases, the stream points treat pain in the joints, the channel (river) points treat cough and panting, whereas the uniting points treat bowel patterns. These indications partly agree with what the classics say. Employment according to the seasons: The text and commentaries of The Classic of Difficult Issues (nàn jïng) suggest the following: In the spring and summer months yang qi rises and the qi in the body flows on the exterior. Superficial needling is appropriate during this period, so well and spring points are often employed. In the autumn and winter months yang qi sinks downward and the qi of the body is relatively deep. During this time, it is appropriate to needle deeply, so river and uniting points are often applied. Accordingly, the texts prescribes the well points in spring, the spring points in summer, the river points in autumn, and the uniting points in winter. This conflicts with The Inner Canon (nèi jïng) which prescribes the spring points in spring, the river points in summer, the uniting points in fall, and the well points in winter. Employment according to five-phase correspondences: The transport points can be used in a way that applies the five-phase correspondences of the transport points in relation to the five-phase correspondences of the channel, in accordance with the principles that vacuity is treated by supplementing the mother and repletion is treated by draining the child. In this context, the mother and child may be the mother or child transport points either on the affected channel or on the mother or child channels. Thus, shortness of breath and copious sweat forming part of a vacuity pattern of the lung (metal) channel can be treated by supplementing either the earth point of the lung channel (earth engenders, i.e., is mother of metal) or the earth point of the spleen (earth) channel. Thus, lung vacuity can be treated either by supplementing LU-9 or SP-3. Acute cough and panting, which forms a lung repletion pattern, can be treated by draining the water point (LU-5) of the lung channel (water is engendered by, i.e., is the child of metal) or by draining the water point of the water channel (KI-10).

wû bù nán

Five forms of male sterility: ``heaven'' (congenital eunuchism); ``leak'' (seminal discharge); ``gelding'' (castration); ``timidity'' (impotence); and ``freakishness'' (hermaphroditism).

wû bù nüê

Five forms of female infertility: ``snail'' (deformity of vagina); constricted vagina; ``drum'' (imperforate hymen); ``horn'' (excessively developed clitoris); ``vessel'' (infertility due to lifelong absence of menses or to menstrual irregularity, or flooding and vaginal discharge).

wû zàng

The heart, lung, spleen, liver, and kidney. Each viscus has a five-phase ascription by which they are sometimes referred: heart-fire, lung-metal, spleen-earth, liver-wood, and kidney-water. See bowels and viscera.

wû zàng lìu fû ké

From Elementary Questions (sù wèn) Cough associated with heart cough spleen cough disease in the various organs (, , etc.). Although cough is essentially associated with disease of the lung, other organs may be involved. Other organs can affect the lung, and enduring cough can affect the function of other organs. Thus, heart cough means cough due to disease not only in the heart but also in the lung.

wû zàng huà yè

The heart, lung, liver, spleen and kidney are each related to the production of sweat, snivel, tears, drool, and spittle, respectively. Elementary Questions (sù wèn) states, ``The five viscera form the humors; the heart forms sweat, the lung forms snivel, the liver forms tears, the spleen forms drool, and the kidney forms spittle.'' Zhang Zhi-Cong commented on this saying, ``The five viscera receive the liquid of grain and water, which pour out to the external orifices to form the five humors.''

wû shëng

The five qualities of the voice, each having a five-phase ascription: shouting (liver-wood), laughing (heart-fire), singing (spleen-earth), wailing (lung-metal), and groaning (kidney-water). These are each associated with a viscus through the five phases.

wû shuî

From Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Coffer (jïn guì yào lüè) manifesting in different ways depending on which viscus it affects.

Heart water  (xïn shuî) is characterized by a heavy body and shortage of qi, heart vexation and sleeplessness, and swelling of the lower yin.

Liver water  (gän shuî) is characterized by distention, fullness, and pain beneath the rib-side and in the abdomen preventing the patient from turning sides, and by urine that is sometimes copious and sometimes scant.

Spleen water  (pí shuî) is characterized by abdominal fullness and difficult urination, and by heavy cumbersome limbs.

Lung water  (fèi shuî) is characterized by inhibited breathing, heavy body, difficult urination, and duck's slop stool.

Kidney water  (shèn shuî) is marked by lumbar pain, difficult urination, enlarged abdomen and swollen umbilicus, by exudation of water-damp from the lower yin, cold lower extremities, and emaciated face and body.

wû lún

The flesh wheel, blood wheel, qi wheel, wind wheel, and water wheel. The flesh wheel is comprised of the upper and lower eyelid, and belongs to the spleen, which governs the flesh and stands in interior-exterior relationship with the stomach. Diseases affecting the flesh wheel are often related to the spleen and stomach. blood wheel is the inner and outer canthus, and belongs to the heart, which commands the blood and stands in interior-exterior relationship with the small intestine. Disease affecting the blood wheel are often associated with the heart and small intestine. qi wheel is the white of the eye (sclera), and belongs to the lung, which governs qi and stands in interior-exterior relationship with the large intestine. Disease of the qi wheel is often ascribed to the lung and the large intestine. wind wheel is associated with the dark of the eye, and belongs to the liver, which is the viscus of wind and wood and stands in interior-exterior relationship with gallbladder. Disease of the wind wheel is often associated with the liver and gallbladder. water wheel is the pupil, and belongs to the kidney, which governs water and stands in interior-exterior relationship to the bladder. Disease of the water wheel is often associated with the kidney and bladder. The correspondences of the five wheels are characteristic of Chinese medicine, but should not be applied too rigidly.

zhuó bì due to a prevalence of dampness,

and characterized by a feeling of heaviness that keeps the patient ``fixed'' to the spot, i.e., hampers movement. See damp impediment.

yáng shôu zhí zú

Wild uncontrollable movement of the limbs. A sign of severe agitation.

bàng

A method of processing thin flakes that are planed off from hard medicinals such as Rhinocerotis Cornu (xï jiâo) and Antelopis Cornu (líng yáng jiâo) with a ``flaking knife.''

shàng yán

An attribute of fire that it flames upward. Disease patterns such as liver fire flaming upward are characterized by severe headache, red complexion, reddening of the eyes, and dry mouth. See heat.

biäo jü

tip-abscess.

bí shän

Dilatation of the nostrils on inhalation; a sign associated with rapid breathing due to lung heat.

shân guàn

A method of cupping whereby the cup is swiftly removed after application and repeatedly reapplied until the required degree of reddening or static blood appears. This method is used for local pain or numbness or for impaired functions. See cupping.

jü

Synonym:  ju .

Definition:  headless flat-abscess. A deep malign suppuration in the flesh, sinew, and even the bone, attributed to toxic evil obstructing qi and the blood.

Definition:  headed flat-abscess. Prior to the Song Dynasty, the term ju1 meant only headless flat-abscess. From Song Dynasty, it came to be used to denote certain superficial sores. For this reason, the terms headed flat-abscess and headless flat-abscess became current to distinguish the two.

náo jü

See mouth-level nape flat-abscess.

shî qì

Synonym:  fecal qi .

Qi (i.e., gas) discharged through the anus. See passing of flatus.

wèi

See five flavors.

ròu

Definition: 

The soft parts of the body other than the viscera and skin.

Western Medical Concept:  The flesh is governed by the spleen and reflects the state of the spleen. Emaciation, whatever disease it occurs in, is attributed to spleen vacuity. See spleen governs the flesh. Diseases associated with the flesh include flesh wilting and flesh impediment.

Definition:  The soft parts of the body other than viscera, including the skin. For example, parts of the body such as the back of the hands and arms that easily tan are called the red flesh in contradistinction to the inner surface, which is called the white flesh.

ròu fën

Any furrow or grain of the flesh. The major divides are the partings between major masses of flesh (muscles), while the minor divides are partings between smaller masses of flesh.

ròu yîng

A disease manifesting in single or multiple swellings of the neck below the skin that have the appearance of upturned cups, soft and spongy to the touch, that never rupture, and that may be associated with sweating, oppression in the chest and heart palpitations. Flesh goiter is attributed to binding depression damaging the spleen preventing the normal movement of spleen qi.

Western Medical Concept:  thyroid tumor* tuberculous goiter* thyroid tumor; tuberculous goiter.

Medication:  Treat by opening depression and transforming phlegm, assisted by softening hardness. Use Sargassum Jade Flask Decoction (hâi zâo yù hú täng) as oral medication, and apply Harmonious Yang Decongealing Plaster (yáng hé jiê níng gäo) mixed with Cinnamon Twig and Musk Powder (guì shè sân).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, GB, TB, and ST. Select TB-13 (nào huì, Upper Arm Convergence) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , TB-6 (zhï göu, Branch Ditch) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , CV-22 (tiän tú, Celestial Chimney) , SI-17 (tiän róng, Celestial Countenance) , and LI-17 (tiän dîng, Celestial Tripod) ; needle with even supplementation and drainage. For thyroid enlargement, add and the paravertebrals of the neck (3--5). Selection of points according to signs: For copious sweat, add HT-6 (yïn xï, Yin Cleft) . For heart palpitations, add HT-7 (shén mén, Spirit Gate) . For oppression in the chest, add PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) and CV-17 (shän zhöng, Chest Center) .

jï bì

An impediment pattern characterized by pain in the flesh that may be accompanied by sweating, limp wilting limbs, numbness of the skin, and clouded essence-spirit. Flesh impediment is usually attributed to damage by cold-damp, but distinction is made between repletion and vacuity patterns.

Western Medical Concept:  dermatomyositis* dermatomyositis.

Medication:  Repletion patterns are treated with Five Impediments Decoction (wû bì täng) and vacuity patterns are treated with Wondrous Effect Astragalus Decoction (shén xiào huáng qí täng).

Acupuncture:  For repletion patterns, base treatment mainly on CV, ST, SP, and GV. Select BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , GV-4 (mìng mén, Life Gate) , CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , and SP-5 (shäng qïu, Shang Hill) ; needle with drainage and large amounts of moxa. For vacuity patterns, base treatment mainly on CV, ST, SP, and GV. Select BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , GV-4 (mìng mén, Life Gate) , CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , LI-10 (shôu sän lî, Arm Three Li) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , SP-5 (shäng qïu, Shang Hill) , and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) ; needle with supplementation and large amounts of moxa.

ròu líu

A swelling on the surface of the body that is initially the size of a peach and gradually grows to the size of a fist, has a broad root, is firm but supple, and is associated with no change in skin color or signs of heat or cold. A flesh tumor is attributed to binding depression of spleen qi stemming from damage to the spleen by thought and anxiety.

Medication:  Fortify the spleen and boost qi; open depression and transform phlegm. Use variations of Spleen-Returning Decoction (guï pí täng).

Western Medical Concept:  myofibroma* lipoma myofibroma; lipoma.

ròu lún

One of the five wheels; the eyelid. The flesh wheel is related to the spleen, and diseases affecting it are mostly attributed to disease of the spleen and stomach.

ròu wêi

Synonym:  spleen wilting .

attributed to spleen qi heat depriving the flesh of nutrition or to dampness damaging the spleen and affecting the flesh, and characterized by numbness of the flesh and, in severe cases, inability to move the limbs.

Medication:  Clear heat and disinhibit dampness; fortify the spleen and harmonize the stomach. Use variations of Gardenia and Coptis Two Matured Ingredients Decoction (zhï lián èr chén täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment on back transport points, CV, ST, and SP. Select BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , and KI-7 (fù lïu, Recover Flow) . Needle with even supplementation and drainage.

jï biâo

The exterior of the body comprised of the skin and flesh and the face, neck, back, abdomen, and limbs.

êr qián qî ròu

Synonym:  ear gate ;

Synonym:  shelter ;

Synonym:  pearl of the ear .

The tongue-like projection in front of the ear.

Western Medical Concept:  tragus* tragus.

tán shí mài

See seven strange pulses.

fú

Location in or tendency to move or carry toward the upper or outer body. The word floating occurs in the terms: floating heat~effusion; floating heat; floating pulse; floating-red facial complexion; vacuous yang floating upward; upfloater. See also floating and sunken complexions under ten-principle inspection of the complexion.

fú rè

Exterior heat at the onset of externally contracted heat (febrile) disease. Compare floating heat~effusion.

fú rè

Heat felt at the surface of the body on initial palpation but quickly felt no longer. A floating heat~effusion is a false heat sign observed in exuberant yin repelling yang. Compare floating heat.

fú mài

The floating pulse is pronounced at the superficial level but vacuous at the deep level. Described as being ``like wood floating on water,'' it is felt as soon as the fingers touch the skin, but it becomes markedly less perceptible when further pressure is applied, as a piece of floating wood escapes from the finger when pressed down in water. Although classically associated with exterior patterns, the floating pulse may be indistinct in patients of heavy build, with weak constitutions, or those suffering from severe water swelling, even when an exterior pattern is present. A floating pulse may also occur in enduring illnesses or after a major loss of blood, indicating a critical insufficiency of right qi rather than an exterior pattern. In these cases, it differs slightly from the floating pulse occurring in externally contracted disease. Being slightly less pronounced at the superficial level, and markedly less pronounced at the deep level, it is sometimes referred to as a vacuous floating pulse. A large floating pulse without foundation is known as a scattered pulse, which is large at the superficial level, but because of its lack of force, ceases to be felt as soon as the slightest pressure is applied. It indicates the dissipation of qi and blood, and the impending expiration of the essential qi of the organs. It is usually attended by other critical signs. A floating pulse that is empty in the middle is known as a scallion-stalk pulse, which is mostly seen in patients suffering from heavy blood loss.

miàn sè fú hóng

Tidal reddening of the face marked by pale red patches like dabs of rouge that constantly change location; observed in upcast yang patterns.

fàn

Describes the behavior of excess fluid in the body, as in the term ``kidney vacuity water flood,'' which denotes water swelling caused by kidney vacuity. See exuberance and debilitation.

bëng zhöng

See flooding and spotting.

bëng lòu

Any abnormal discharge of blood via the vagina. Flooding is heavy menstrual flow or abnormal bleeding via the vagina (uterine bleeding); spotting , lit. ``leaking'' in Chinese, is a slight, often continual discharge of blood via the vagina. If the flow is deep red and clotted, it is usually a sign of heat. Since each may give way to the other, they are commonly referred to together. Flooding and spotting usually occur in puberty or at menopause. It is attributed to insecurity of the thoroughfare and controlling vessels, which may stem from a variety of causes.

Western Medical Concept:  uterine bleeding* metrorrhagia* metrorrhagia (uterine bleeding). See entries listed below and the following entries.

Flooding and Spotting blood heat flooding and spottingxuè rè bëng lòu qi vacuity flooding and spottingqì xü bëng lòu liver-kidney yin vacuity flooding and spottinggän shèn yïn xü bëng lòu blood stasis flooding and spottingxuè yü bëng lòu qi depression floodingqì yù xuè bëng postpartum floodingchân hòu xuè bëng

xuè bëng fù tòng (

abnormal discharge of blood via the vagina) with abdominal pain is attributed either to blood stasis or blood vacuity.

Medication:  If due to blood stasis, the abdominal pain refuses pressure and is relieved by the passing of clots. Move stasis and relieve pain with formulas such as Sudden Smile Powder (shï xiào sân). If due to blood vacuity, it is characterized by abdominal pain that likes warmth and pressure and is treated by nourishing the blood and stanching bleeding with Ass Hide Glue and Mugwort Four Agents Decoction (jiäo ài sì wù täng).

Acupuncture:  For blood stasis, base treatment mainly on CV, SP, ST, and LR. Select CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , SP-1 (yîn bái, Hidden White) , SP-10 (xuè hâi, Sea of Blood) , SP-8 (dì jï, Earth's Crux) , ST-30 (qì chöng, Qi Thoroughfare) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , and ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , needle with even supplementation and drainage. For blood vacuity, base treatment mainly on CV and SP, select CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , BL-17 (gé shü, Diaphragm Transport) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , and needle with supplementation. See flooding and spotting.

xuè bëng hün àn

Abnormal discharge of blood from the uterus attended by clouding of vision. Excessive blood loss through flooding and spotting causing the heart and liver to be deprived of nourishment and thereby causing clouding of vision and, in severe cases, sudden collapse and unconsciousness.

Medication:  Supplement the blood and stanch bleeding. Use Root-Securing Flood-Stanching Decoction (gù bên zhî bëng täng).

Acupuncture:  To supplement the blood and stanch bleeding, base treatment mainly on GV, CV, and SP. Select GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , SP-10 (xuè hâi, Sea of Blood) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , SP-1 (yîn bái, Hidden White) , and SP-2 (dà dü, Great Metropolis) ; needle with supplementation and large amounts of moxa. To treat blood desertion patterns, base treatment mainly on CV and GV. Select GV-26 (shuî göu, Water Trough) , GV-25 (sù liáo, White Bone-Hole) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , and KI-1 (yông quán, Gushing Spring) ; needle with supplementation or direct moxa. Apply moxa on salt or ginger at CV-8 (shén què, Spirit Gate Tower) .

mù huä

A general term embracing various kinds of visual disturbances such as blurring, distortion, floaters, nearsightedness, etc. See clouded vision.

líu tán

A chronic destructive condition of the joints characterized by the formation of pus that can ``flow,'' or spread, to other parts, and that after rupture discharges like thin phlegm. Flowing phlegm is nowadays considered to be a form of headless flat-abscess. It is most commonly observed in children and adolescents often found to have a history of consumption (pulmonary tuberculosis), and affects most commonly the hip bone or spine and less commonly the knee, ankle, shoulder, elbow, or wrist. Flowing phlegm is named differently according to location. Flowing phlegm of the spine is called tortoise's-back phlegm, whereas that of the hip is called Jumping Round phlegm after GB-30 (huán tiào, Jumping Round) . It arises in patients suffering from insufficiency of the congenital constitution or from kidney yin depletion in enduring illness, when external evils exploit a vacuity and enter the body and cause phlegm turbidity to gather and congeal. It may be brought on by disharmony of qi and blood stemming from knocks and falls. The condition begins with slight local swelling associated with distention but without redness, heat, or marked pain. The swelling gradually spreads, becomes painful, and suppurates, and the surrounding flesh becomes atrophied. In an advanced stage, effulgent yin depletion fire may cause postmeridian heat~effusion, night sweating, encumbered body and lack of strength, and reduced food intake. Following rupture, clear thin pus is discharged, the flesh is purple, the mouth of the sore is depressed, does not close easily, and the cavity is like a tunnel. In the initial stage, it is treated by supplementing the liver and kidney, warming the channels and transforming phlegm using formulas like Harmonious Yang Decoction (yáng hé täng). In the middle stage, treatment aims to support right and expel toxin. In the advanced stage after suppuration and rupture, emphasis is placed on supporting right to help the sore to close. Patients with signs of dual depletion of qi and blood can be given Ginseng Construction-Nourishing Decoction (rén shën yâng róng täng), whereas those with signs of effulgent yin depletion can be given Major Yin Supplementation Pill (dà bû yïn wán). If there is tunneling, Thousand Gold Pieces Powder (qiän jïn sân) can be applied topically.

Western Medical Concept:  tuberculosis of the joints* tuberculosis of the bone* tuberculosis of the bone or joints. See headless flat-abscess; flat-abscess; sore.

líu yîn

Definition: 

phlegm-rheum in the narrow sense.

Definition:  Phlegm-rheum that flows from place to place, having no fixed location.

Medication:  Use Three Flowers Spirit Protection Pill (sän huä shén yòu wán).

shën rè qî fú

A generalized heat~effusion characterized by alternating periods of abatement and of increase; observed for example in damp-heat lodged in the qi aspect.

wáng jïn yè

A severe form of damage to fluids.

jïn yè

All the fluids of the human body, comprising liquid , thinner fluids, and humor , thicker turbid ones. The term ``fluids'' embraces all the normal fluid substances of the human body. The term refers to fluids actually flowing within the human body and to sweat, saliva, stomach juices, urine, and other fluids secreted by or discharged from the body. The main functions of fluids are to keep the bowels and viscera, the flesh, the skin, the hair, and the orifices adequately moistened, to lubricate the joints, and to nourish the brain, marrow, and bones. Though referring to a single entity, ``fluids'' is often differentiated into two basic forms, liquid and humor, to highlight specific characteristics. Liquid refers to fluid that is relatively thin, mobile, and yang in quality, whereas humor denotes thicker, less mobile yin fluid. Liquid is mostly found in the surface of the flesh and in the mucous membranes, moisturizing the flesh, skin, and hair and keeping the eyes, ears, mouth, nose, and other orifices moistened. Sweat and urine are both produced from these fluids. Humor is located primarily in the bowels and viscera, the brain, and the bones and is responsible for lubricating the joints and also partially responsible for moistening the skin. Despite the distinction, liquid and humor form a single entity and are mutually convertible. This distinction is most often made in pathology as in cases of damage to liquid or humor desertion. The term ``yin humor'' is sometimes used synonymously with humor, emphasizing its yin nature (thick, heavy, and relatively immobile). It may also loosely denote all the nutritious fluids of the body and, as such, is used in contradistinction to yang qi. The formation, distribution, and discharge of fluids involve complex processes in which the lung, spleen, kidney, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, bladder, and other organs play major roles. Elementary Questions (sù wèn) gives the following description: ``Drink ( yin3, imbibed fluid) enters the stomach, where it is churned and its essential qi is strained off. This is then carried to the spleen and further distributed by spleen qi. It passes up to the lung which ensures regular flow through the waterways down to the bladder. In this way, water essence is distributed to the four parts, by passing through the five channels.'' Fluid processing begins in the stomach where the essential qi (the useful part) of the fluids is absorbed. The spleen then carries this essential qi up to the lung to be distributed among the other organs. The statement appearing in Elementary Questions (sù wèn) that the spleen ``moves the fluids of the stomach'' highlights the active role of the spleen in assimilation of fluids. The lung, by governing diffusion and depurative downbearing, ensures the regular flow of water through the waterways. The kidney's function is to ``distill'' fluid, bearing the clear up and the turbid down. It plays a part in distributing fluids around the entire body and is responsible for transforming surplus and waste fluid into urine, which is discharged through the bladder. The intestines are also involved in the absorption of fluids; the small intestine separates the clear from the turbid and the large intestine conveys the waste material downward while further absorbing fluid. The Magic Pivot (líng shü) comments: ``The small intestine governs humor,'' and ``the large intestine governs liquid.'' Thus, assimilation and initial conveyance of fluids are dependent on the stomach's intake function and the spleen's function of moving and transforming the ``essence'' contained in food. The distribution of fluids around the body, including moisturization of the flesh, skin, and body hair, is dependent on the lung's function of ensuring diffusion and depurative downbearing. The transformation of fluids into sweat is also dependent on this function. For these reasons, the lung is said to be the ``upper source of water'' and to ensure regular flow through the waterways. The kidney plays the most important role in the formation and replacement of fluids since the roles of the stomach, the spleen, and the lung are dependent on the warming and activating function of kidney qi. More importantly, the production and discharge of urine and normal replacement of fluids in the body is intimately related to kidney qi transformation. This is why it is said: ``The kidney governs the water of the whole body.'' Finally, because the lung, spleen, stomach, and kidney are located in all three burners, the term ``triple burner'' is often used to denote the waterways and the formation, movement, and discharge of fluids is attributed to the triple burner qi transformation. Elementary Questions (sù wèn) states, ``The triple burner holds the office of the sluices; it manifests as the waterways.'' See also five humors. Pathologies of the fluids include damage to liquid and humor desertion.

dí

Forceful elimination (of evils). See flushing phlegm.

dí tán

Synonym:  flushing stubborn phlegm .

A method of treatment used to eliminate stubborn phlegm or phlegm-rheum.

Medication:  Phlegm-flushing medicinals include Chloriti seu Micae Lapis (méng shí), Nitrum (xiäo shí), Arisaematis Rhizoma cum Felle Bovis (dân xïng), Bambusae Concretio Silicea (tiän zhú huáng), and Aquilariae Lignum (chén xiäng). Phlegm-rheum gathering in the rib-side with cough causing rib-side pain and expectoration of phlegm with a glossy tongue fur and stringlike sunken pulse is treated by the method of flushing phlegm with Ten Jujubes Decoction (shí zâo täng). Old phlegm in repletion heat patterns causing mania and withdrawal patterns, thick phlegm, constipation, a thick yellow slimy tongue fur, and a forceful rapid slippery pulse can be flushed with Chlorite/Mica Phlegm-Rolling Pill (méng shí gûn tán wán). Thick copious phlegm with cough and qi ascent can be flushed with Gleditsiae Fructus (zào jiá) that has been subjected to nature-preservative burning taken with a decoction of jujubes. Many phlegm-flushing medicinals are drastic and harsh in action, and should be used with care in vacuity. They are contraindicated in pregnancy or expectoration of blood.

dàng dí wán tán

See flushing phlegm.

xïn huäng

A state of mental discomposure, confusion, and fear. Flusteredness is a sign of heart disease.

fëi shï

consumption.

xuán qí fëng

A condition marked by redness, swelling, and hardening of the uvula, so called because the uvula appears conspicuous like a flag in the throat. The uvula is cherry red with a purple blood blister at the tip. Movement of the tongue is inhibited, eating and swallowing are difficult. There is vexation and oppression in the chest and a surging floating pulse. Flying flag wind is caused by phlegm heat in the stomach and liver channels binding in the throat or excessive consumption of hot spicy food causing lung-stomach heat to accumulate and fume up into the throat.

Medication:  Clear and drain heat toxin with Coptis Toxin-Resolving Decoction (huáng lián jiê dú täng) plus Forsythiae Fructus (lián qiào), Taraxaci Herba cum Radice (pú göng yïng), Arctii Fructus (níu bàng zî), Isatidis Radix (bân lán gën), and Puerariae Radix (gé gën). For external treatment, lance to drain blood and toxin, and use a mouthwash of decocted Lonicerae Flos (jïn yín huä) and Glycyrrhizae Radix (gän câo). Compare flying throat.

fëi mén

The lips.

fëi yáng hóu

A large blood blister hanging from the palate; attributed to latent heat in the bowels and viscera surging upward. Flying throat is the same as flying flag wind, but springs from the palate rather than the uvula.

Medication:  Clear heat and drain fire; cool the blood and resolve toxin. Use Coptis Toxin-Resolving Decoction (huáng lián jiê dú täng). Compare flying flag wind.

mín jiän yào

Any medicinal that is used in folk medicine as distinct from orthodox Chinese medicine. See medicinal.

xìn

Either of two gaps between the bones of the skull that close between the age of 6 months and two years, especially the larger one. The larger fontanel, the ``fontanel gate'' or ``forehead fontanel'' (called anterior fontanel in Western medicine) is located just in front of the vertex; the smaller one, called ``pillow fontanel'' (called the posterior fontanel in Western medicine), is on the back of the head. The main diseases associated with the fontanels are ununited skull (nonclosure of the fontanels), bulging fontanel, and depressed fontanel.

xìn mén

The anterior fontanel. See fontanel.

shí

Definition: 

Synonym:  grain and water .

Items of sustenance that enter the body by the mouth. In Chinese medical texts, food is often referred to as grain and water, as in the term nontransformation of grain and water.

Definition:  Abbreviation for diseases caused by food such as food damage and food accumulation etc., see qi, blood, phlegm, and food pattern identification.

shí jï

Stagnation and accumulation of food attributable to spleen-stomach movement and transformation failure and characterized by fullness and oppression in the chest and stomach duct, in some cases with hardness or glomus lump, abdominal pain that refuses pressure, hard stool, reduced food intake, putrid belching, and swallowing of upflowing acid.

Medication:  If the signs are all of repletion, use accumulation-attacking medicinals such as Rhei Rhizoma (dà huáng) and Pharbitidis Semen (qiän níu zî). If stagnation is in the early stage, or if accumulation has formed but the patient's constitution is weak, use Harmony-Preserving Pill (bâo hé wán). For spleen vacuity, Six Gentlemen Decoction (lìu jün zî täng) may also be included in the treatment.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, ST, and GV. Main points: , CV-21 (xuán jï, Jade Swivel) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , and ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) . For repletion, needle with drainage. For early-stage stagnation or weak constitution, needle with drainage and add moxa. For spleen vacuity, add BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) and BL-21 (wèi shü, Stomach Transport) , needle with drainage and add moxa. Selection of points according to signs: For glomus lump, apply large amounts of moxa at . For hard stool, add ST-37 (shàng jù xü, Upper Great Hollow) , BL-25 (dà cháng shü, Large Intestine Transport) , and TB-6 (zhï göu, Branch Ditch) . For putrid belching and swallowing of upflowing acid, add GB-40 (qïu xü, Hill Ruins) and SP-4 (göng sün, Yellow Emperor) . Compare food damage, abiding food, and food stagnation.

shí jï fù tòng due to dietary irregularities,

spleen vacuity, and food stagnating in the stomach and intestines. Food accumulation abdominal pain does not like pressure, and is accompanied by distention and fullness, aversion to food, belching, swallowing of upflowing acid, and constipation. Severe pain may be accompanied by the urge to defecate and may be relieved by defecation. The tongue fur is slimy. The pulse is stringlike, and possibly sunken and slippery.

Medication:  Rectify qi and harmonize the center; disperse food and abduct stagnation. Use formulas such as Harmony-Preserving Pill (bâo hé wán) and Unripe Bitter Orange Stagnation-Abducting Pill (zhî shí dâo zhì wán).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV and ST. Select CV-10 (xià wân, Lower Stomach Duct) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , ST-21 (liáng mén, Beam Gate) , , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , and CV-21 (xuán jï, Jade Swivel) ; needle with drainage. For pronounced pain, add ST-34 (liáng qïu, Beam Hill) ,

shí jï ké sòu

food cough.

shí jï tán sòu

food cough.

shí jï xié tòng arising when dietary irregularities cause food stagnation and congestion of qi dynamic.

The rib-side pain is associated with distention and glomus in the stomach duct and abdomen, oppression in the chest, nausea, and no thought of food. In some cases, there is a sausage-shaped protuberance under the ribs.

Medication:  Treat by abductive dispersion to eliminate the accumulation using formulas like Harmony-Preserving Pill (bâo hé wán) and variations.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, ST, PC, LR, and GB. Select , CV-10 (xià wân, Lower Stomach Duct) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , LR-14 (qï mén, Cycle Gate) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , and GB-34 (yáng líng quán, Yang Mound Spring) . Needle with drainage.

shí jï ôu tù

Synonym:  food vomiting .

due to food accumulation arising when affect damage, external contraction of evil qi, or dietary irregularities cause damage to the spleen and impair the normal transformation of food. Vomiting is accompanied by fullness and oppression (in severe cases, pain and distention) in the stomach duct and abdomen, putrid belching, aversion to food, immediate vomiting of ingested foods, or vomiting in the evening of food ingested in the morning, turbid slimy tongue fur, and a slippery stringlike pulse.

Medication:  Disperse food and transform accumulation; fortify the spleen and harmonize the stomach. Formulas include Harmony-Preserving Pill (bâo hé wán).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment on alarm and lower uniting points of ST, and on PC and CV. Select CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , CV-10 (xià wân, Lower Stomach Duct) , , and CV-21 (xuán jï, Jade Swivel) ; needle with drainage and add moxa.

shí ké

Synonym:  food accumulation cough ;

Synonym:  food accumulation phlegm cough .

Food accumulation engendering phlegm and causing phlegm-qi to surge upward. Signs include cough with copious phlegm that is pronounced at dawn. There may be oppression in the chest and abdominal distention. Other signs include sour belching, nausea, sloppy stool, and a slippery sunken pulse.

Medication:  Transform phlegm and disperse the accumulation. Use formulas such as Two Matured Ingredients Decoction (èr chén täng) combined with Stomach-Calming Powder (píng wèi sân), Three-Seed Filial Devotion Decoction (sän zî yâng qïn täng), and Five Accumulations Powder (wû jï sân). If there is lung fire and phlegm heat with a sunken rapid and slippery pulse, treatment should also be directed toward clearing lung fire. For this latter case, use formulas such as Anemarrhena and Fritillaria Cough-Quieting Decoction (èr mû níng sòu täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treat mainly CV, SP, ST, and LU. Select CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , , LU-9 (tài yuän, Great Abyss) , and SP-3 (tài bái, Supreme White) . Needle with drainage and moxa if appropriate. For lung fire and phlegm heat, add PC-1 (tiän chí, Celestial Pool) , LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , and prick LU-11 (shào shäng, Lesser Shang) to bleed (and do not use moxa).

shäng shí

Described in Dan Xi's Experiential Methods (dän xï xïn fâ) Any disease pattern of damage to stomach and spleen by food. Food damage is caused by voracious eating or spleen-stomach vacuity. Elementary Questions (sù wèn) states, ``Overeating causes damage to the stomach and intestines.'' It is characterized by aversion to food, nausea and vomiting, belching, putrid-smelling vomitus and qi, swallowing of upflowing acid, painful bloating of the abdomen, diarrhea or constipation, foul-smelling stool and flatus, and relief from pain and distention after defecation or passing of flatus. The tongue fur is slimy and either thick or yellow. In food damage, when food accumulation remains untransformed for days, the resulting condition is called abiding food.

Medication:  Treat by dispersing food and abducting stagnation, usually referred to as ``abductive dispersion.'' Commonly used medicinals include Massa Medicata Fermentata (shén qü), Crataegi Fructus (shän zhä), Hordei Fructus Germinatus (mài yá), Raphani Semen (lái fú zî), Galli Gigerii Endothelium (jï nèi jïn), Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (zhî shí), and Arecae Semen (bïng láng). Formulas such as the preparatory Harmony-Preserving Pill (bâo hé wán) are frequently used.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV and ST. Select CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , CV-10 (xià wân, Lower Stomach Duct) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , and ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) as the main points. For voracious eating, add and ST-37 (shàng jù xü, Upper Great Hollow) ; needle all points with drainage. For spleen-stomach vacuity, add BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , BL-21 (wèi shü, Stomach Transport) , CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , and SP-4 (göng sün, Yellow Emperor) ; needle all points with supplementation, adding moxa. Selection of points according to signs: For constipation, add BL-25 (dà cháng shü, Large Intestine Transport) . For diarrhea, add PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) . For glomus and oppression, add SP-4 (göng sün, Yellow Emperor) . For putrid belching and swallowing of upflowing acid, add GB-40 (qïu xü, Hill Ruins) and GB-34 (yáng líng quán, Yang Mound Spring) . Compare abiding food, food stagnation, and food accumulation.

shäng shí xiè

Synonym:  food diarrhea .

Diarrhea due to food damage, i.e., food poisoning, excessive consumption of alcohol or fatty and spicy foods, or ingestion of food that is too hot or too cold in temperature, or by voracious eating. Food damage diarrhea includes some forms of stomach, large intestinal, and small intestinal diarrhea. It is not clearly distinguished from spleen diarrhea in the case of diarrhea caused by fatty foods. Diarrhea due to excesses in respect to general dietary norms is classed as food damage diarrhea; if due to organ diseases, e.g., vacuity or dampness, it is classed as spleen diarrhea. See also diarrhea.

Medication:  Disperse food and harmonize the stomach with Harmony-Preserving Pill (bâo hé wán). For vacuity, use variations of Center-Ordering Decoction (zhì zhöng täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV and ST. Select CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , CV-10 (xià wân, Lower Stomach Duct) , BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , and ; needle with drainage. For vacuity, add moxa.

shäng shí tóu tòng attributed to food stagnating in the stomach.

Food damage headache is attended by glomus and fullness in the chest and diaphragm, putrid belching, swallowing of upflowing acid, aversion to food, and a slippery replete pulse. In some cases there may be generalized heat~effusion. See headache.

Medication:  Disperse food and abduct stagnation using formulas such as Saussurea, Amomum, Unripe Bitter Orange, and Ovate Atractylodes Pill (xiäng shä zhî zhú wán), Center-Ordering Decoction (zhì zhöng täng), or Harmony-Preserving Pill (bâo hé wán) and variations.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on ST and LI. Select ST-8 (tóu wéi, Head Corner) , , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , and and needle with drainage. For selection of points according to affected area, see headache.

jìn kôu lì

Dysentery characterized by poor appetite and vomiting of anything ingested.

Medication:  Use Food Denial Powder (käi jìn sân).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment on ST and LI. Select LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , ST-37 (shàng jù xü, Upper Great Hollow) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , LR-13 (zhäng mén, Camphorwood Gate) , and ST-44 (nèi tíng, Inner Court) , and needle with drainage. For enduring dysentery, add BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , and ST-21 (liáng mén, Beam Gate) ; needle with supplementation and add moxa.

shí yù

Nondispersion of food due to inhibited qi dynamic; characterized by bloating of the stomach duct and abdomen, belching of sour putrid qi, inability to eat, abnormal stool, and, in severe cases, jaundice, glomus lump, and drum distention; usually associated with a tight slippery pulse.

Medication:  Treat by abductive dispersion and disinhibiting the center, using formulas such as Food Depression Decoction (shí yù täng) or Harmony-Preserving Pill (bâo hé wán).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, ST, PC, LR, and SP. Select CV-10 (xià wân, Lower Stomach Duct) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , GB-34 (yáng líng quán, Yang Mound Spring) , and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) ; needle with drainage.

shí xiè

food damage diarrhea.

shí zhàng

Distention attributable to nontransformation of food stemming from excessive consumption of raw cold foods such as gourds and fruits or irregular eating, and marked by hard distended abdomen with pain in severe cases, belching, and acid upflow. A distinction is made between cold and heat. Cold patterns are usually characterized by uninhibited stool and inability to eat, whereas heat patterns are characterized by dry bound stool.

Medication:  Cold patterns are treated by warming the center and abductive dispersion using Stomach-Calming Poria (Hoelen) Five Decoction (wèi líng täng) plus Crataegi Fructus (shän zhä) and Hordei Fructus Germinatus (mài yá). In severe cases, use Center-Rectifying Decoction (lî zhöng täng) plus Caryophylli Flos (dïng xiäng), Magnoliae Cortex (hòu pò), and Aconiti Tuber Laterale (fù zî).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment on the CV, ST, and PC. Select CV-10 (xià wân, Lower Stomach Duct) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , ST-21 (liáng mén, Beam Gate) , and KI-13 (qì xué, Qi Point) ; needle with drainage and add moxa. Heat patterns characterized by dry stool should be treated by abductive dispersion and clearing transformation using formulas such as Harmony-Preserving Pill (bâo hé wán) or Saussurea and Areca Pill (mù xiäng bïng láng wán).

Acupuncture:  As for cold patterns, but without moxa.

shí gän

spleen gan.

shí nüè

A kind of malaria described in A Unified Treatise on Diseases, Patterns, and Remedies According to the Three Causes (sän yïn jí yï bìng zhèng fäng lùn) as follows: ``When the patient has alternating aversion to cold and heat~effusion, rapid hungering and inability to eat, propping fullness after eating, and tense painful abdomen, occurring at day intervals, this is called stomach malaria. When none of the six bowels except the stomach has malaria, this is commonly called food malaria. Other forms of malaria with dietary irregularities can mutate into this pattern. Zhang's Clear View of Medicine (zhäng shì yï töng) states, ``Food malaria is attributable to dietary irregularities that engender phlegm in the center stomach duct, which is exacerbated by wind qi; hence there is rapid hungering and inability to eat, and propping fullness after eating, enlarged abdomen, and frequent retching. Repletion is treated by Two Matured Ingredients Decoction (èr chén täng) plus Aurantii Fructus (zhî ké) and Amomi Tsao-Ko Fructus (câo guô). When it is due to irregular eating or excessive physical exertion, persists for a long time, and is associated with a vacuous pulse, use Center-Rectifying Decoction (lî zhöng täng) plus Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (zhî shí) and Citri Exocarpium Immaturum (qïng pí). When the patient ordinarily suffers from yin vacuity taxation, or when malaria has turned into taxation, then the formula should contain Cinnamomi Ramulus (guì zhï), Zingiberis Rhizoma (jiäng), and Ziziphi Fructus (dà zâo); wind-dispelling phlegm-sweeping medicinals cannot be used alone. If the exterior evil is exuberant, Minor Center-Fortifying Decoction (xiâo jiàn zhöng täng) or Astragalus Center-Fortifying Decoction (huáng qí jiàn zhöng täng) can be used as the main treatment, followed by Six-Ingredient Pill (lìu wèi wán), with all ingredients used raw, plus Cinnamomi Ramulus (guì zhï) and Amydae Carapax (bië jiâ).

shí tán

Food stagnation or accumulation in combination with phlegm as a cause of disease. Compare food damage and food accumulation. See also qi, blood, phlegm, and food pattern identification.

shí jué

A reversal pattern resulting from voracious eating and drinking when contraction of wind-cold or depression and anger stir and cause qi to rise counterflow, blocking the clear orifices. The signs are clouding reversal, asphyxiation, abdominal distention and fullness, and a slippery replete pulse in patients who have overeaten.

shí zhì wèi wân guân shi=

2 zhi=4 wei=4 wan=3 Food accumulating in the stomach after overeating affects splenic movement and transformation, marked by distention and stomach duct pain, putrid belching, retching and vomiting, thick slimy tongue fur, and a slippery pulse.

Western Medical Concept:  indigestion* gastritis* indigestion; gastritis. See food stagnation.

shí zhì

Definition: 

Food stagnating and collecting in the stomach and intestines. The term food stagnation is essentially the same as food damage (the one term describing the condition and the other describing the cause). Compare food accumulation, food damage, abiding food, food stagnation stomach duct pain, and food stroke.

Definition:  Feeding irregularities in infants causing damage to the spleen and stomach, and causing food to collect in the stomach and intestines. It is characterized by warm head and hot abdomen, belching and bloating, poor appetite, abdominal distention and fullness with pain that refuses pressure, vomiting of sour putrid matter, and in some cases by stool that has the smell of rotten eggs. See feeding accumulation.

shí zhì wân guân tòng

Stomach duct pain due to food stagnation. Food stagnation stomach duct pain is attributed to excessive consumption of raw or cold foods or to dietary irregularities impairing splenic movement and transformation. Signs other than stomach pain include putrid belching, swallowing of upflowing acid, distention and oppression in the stomach duct and abdomen relieved by vomiting, and a slippery replete pulse.

Medication:  Disperse accumulation and abduct stagnation using Harmony-Preserving Pill (bâo hé wán) or Saussurea, Amomum, Unripe Bitter Orange, and Ovate Atractylodes Pill (xiäng shä zhî zhú wán).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on alarm and uniting points of ST, PC, SP, and CV. Select CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , SP-4 (göng sün, Yellow Emperor) , ST-21 (liáng mén, Beam Gate) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , and CV-21 (xuán jï, Jade Swivel) ; needle with drainage and, if necessary, add moxa. For pronounced pain, add ST-34 (liáng qïu, Beam Hill) .

shí zhòng

A form of wind-like stroke, arising when excessive liquor consumption and overeating with contraction of wind-cold or severe anger cause food to stagnate in the center, hampering the movement of stomach qi and preventing normal upbearing and downbearing. Signs include sudden clouding collapse, inability to speak, inability to move the limbs, and fullness and oppression in the chest and diaphragm.

Medication:  First make the patient drink a decoction of ginger and salt and apply mechanical ejection. Then use formulas to course evil and transform stagnation, and to rectify qi and harmonize the stomach, such as Agastache/Patchouli Qi-Righting Powder (huò xiäng zhèng qì sân), Wondrous Atractylodes Powder (shén zhú sân), and Stomach-Calming Powder (píng wèi sân).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on GV, LI, hand and foot reverting yin PC/LR, CV, and ST. Select GV-26 (shuî göu, Water Trough) , GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , PC-9 (zhöng chöng, Central Hub) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , LR-2 (xíng jiän, Moving Between) , BL-21 (wèi shü, Stomach Transport) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , CV-21 (xuán jï, Jade Swivel) , and ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) ; needle with drainage. Selection of points according to causes: If attributable to contraction of wind-cold, add GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) , TB-5 (wài guän, Outer Pass) , and LU-7 (liè quë, Broken Sequence) . When attributable to anger, add BL-18 (gän shü, Liver Transport) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) .

shí láo gän huáng

yellow swelling.

shí ôu

food accumulation vomiting.

See foot qi sore.

zú tài yáng páng guäng jïng

BL. One of the twelve channels; the channel that internally homes to the bladder, nets the kidney, and links with the brain, and whose external pathway starts above the eye, runs over the head, either side of the spine down the nape and back, over the buttocks and down to the back of the knee. The foot greater yang bladder channel starts at the inner canthus of the eye, travels upwards over the forehead, intersecting the governing vessel at GV-24 (shén tíng, Spirit Court) and the leg lesser yin gallbladder channel at GB-15 (tóu lín qì, (Head) Overlooking Tears) . It travels on up to the vertex and again meets the governing du1 vessel GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) . A branch separates at the vertex and goes down to the area just above the ear, meeting the foot lesser yang shao4 yang2 gallbladder channel at GB-7 (qü bìn, Temporal Hairline Curve) , GB-8 (shuài gû, Valley Lead) , GB-10 (fú bái, Floating White) , GB-11 (tóu qiào yïn, Head Orifice Yin) , and GB-12 (wán gû, Completion Bone) . A vertical branch enters the brain from the vertex to meet the governing vessel at GB-12 (wán gû, Completion Bone) , and reemerges to run down the nape of the neck and the muscles of the medial aspect of the scapula, meeting the governing vessel again at GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) and GV-13 (táo dào, Kiln Path) . It continues downward, parallel to the spine, to the lumbar region. Here, the channel submerges, following the paravertebral muscles, and nets the kidney before homing to the bladder. A branch separates in the lumbar region and runs down the buttocks and the posterior midline of the thighs to the popliteal fossa behind the knee. A further branch separates from the main channel at the nape of the neck, descending lateral to the paravertebral branch mentioned above, along the medial border of the scapula and down to the gluteal region where it crosses the buttocks and intersects with the gallbladder channel at GB-30 (huán tiào, Jumping Round) . It then passes down the posterolateral aspect of the thigh to meet the other branch of the same channel in the popliteal fossa. The channel continues downward through the gastrocnemius muscle, emerges posterior to the lateral malleolus, and then runs along the lateral margin of the fifth metatarsal bone, crossing its tuberosity, to the lateral tip of the little toe at BL-67 (zhì yïn, Reaching Yin) . Signs associated with the exterior course of the channel are: heat~effusion and aversion to cold, headache, stiff neck, pain in the lumbar spine, nasal congestion, eye pain and tearing; pain in the posterior thigh, popliteal region, gastrocnemius, and foot. Signs associated with the internal course of the channel are: lower abdominal pain and distention, inhibited urination, urinary block and enuresis; mental disorders; and arched-back rigidity.

zú tài yïn pí jïng

SP. One of the twelve channels; the channel that homes to the spleen, nets the stomach, and links with the root of the tongue, and whose external pathway starts at the large toe and runs along the inside of the foot, and up the inside of the leg, up the abdomen to end at the side of the chest. The foot greater yin spleen channel starts on the medial tip of the great toe and runs up the medial aspect of the foot along the border of the light and dark skin. It then passes in front of the medial malleolus and up the posterior side of the leg along the posterior margin of the tibia. Here, it crosses and runs anterior to the foot reverting yin liver channel, passing medial to the knee and running up the anteromedial aspect of the thigh. It penetrates the abdomen and intersects with the controlling vessel at CV-3 (zhöng jí, Central Pole) and CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) before homing to the spleen and netting the stomach. It continues upward, passes through the diaphragm to intersect with the foot lesser yang gallbladder channel at GB-24 (rì yuè, Sun and Moon) and the foot reverting yin liver channel at LR-14 (qï mén, Cycle Gate) , ascends to the side of the esophagus, crosses the hand greater yin lung channel at LU-1 (zhöng fû, Central Treasury) , and finally proceeds up to the root of the tongue to disperse over the tongue's lower surface. A branch breaks off in the area of the stomach, crossing the diaphragm to transport qi to the heart. Signs associated with the exterior course of the channel are: heaviness in the head or body, weak wilting limbs; effusion generalized heat~; pain in the posterior mandibular region and the lower cheek, and motor impairment of the tongue; cold along the inside of the thigh and knee, or swelling of the legs and feet. Signs associated with the internal course of the channel are: pain in the stomach duct and sloppy diarrhea or stool containing untransformed food, rumbling intestines, retching and nausea, abdominal lump glomus, reduced food intake, jaundice, and inhibited urination.

zú shào yáng dân jïng

GB. One of the twelve channels; the channel that internally homes to the gallbladder and nets the liver, and whose external pathway starts at the side of the head, traverses the ear, passes forward over the ear, and then zigzags over the side of the head, passes down the neck, over the shoulders, down the side of the chest, and down the outer face of the legs to end at the tip of the fourth toe. The foot lesser yang gallbladder channel starts from the outer canthus of the eye, traverses the temple to LI-19 (hé liáo, Grain Bone-Hole) , then rises to the corner of the forehead where it intersects with the foot yang brightness stomach channel at ST-8 (tóu wéi, Head Corner) . Descending behind the ear, it passes down the neck in front of the hand lesser yang triple burner channel and meets the hand greater yang small intestine channel at SI-17 (tiän róng, Celestial Countenance) . After reaching the shoulder, it turns back and runs behind the triple burner channel to intersect the governing vessel at GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) . It then moves parallel with the shoulderline outwards to intersect with the hand greater yang small intestine channel at SI-12 (bîng fëng, Grasping the Wind) , before crossing over to ST-12 (quë pén, Empty Basin) in the supraclavicular fossa. A branch separates from the main channel behind the ear and passes the hand lesser yang triple burner channel at TB-17 (yì fëng, Wind Screen) before entering the ear. It emerges in front of the ear meeting SI-19 (tïng göng, Auditory Palace) on the hand greater yang small intestine channel and ST-7 (xià guän, Below the Joint) on the foot yang brightness stomach channel before terminating at the outer canthus of the eye. Another branch separates from the outer canthus and runs downwards to ST-5 (dà yíng, Great Reception) on the mandible. Turning upwards, it crosses the hand lesser yang triple burner channel and ascends to the infraorbital region before traveling down the cheek into the neck where it joins the main channel again at ST-12 (quë pén, Empty Basin) in the supraclavicular fossa. From here it submerges in the chest, meets PC-1 (tiän chí, Celestial Pool) of the hand reverting yin pericardium channel, and passes through the diaphragm before netting the liver and homing to the gallbladder. It then follows the inside of the false ribs to emerge in the qi street in the inguinal region where it skirts round the genitals and submerges into the hip at GB-30 (huán tiào, Jumping Round) . Yet another branch separates from the main channel at the supraclavicular fossa at ST-12 (quë pén, Empty Basin) , descending into the axilla and running down the lateral aspect of the thorax. It intersects the foot reverting yin liver channel at LR-13 (zhäng mén, Camphorwood Gate) before turning back to the sacral region to cross the foot greater yang bladder channel at BL-31 (shàng liáo, Upper Bone-Hole) and BL-34 (xià liáo, Lower Bone-Hole) . From here it passes laterally over to GB-30 (huán tiào, Jumping Round) on the hip joint, descending down the lateral aspect of the thigh and knee, and passing along the anterior aspect of the fibula to its lower extremity. It crosses in front of the lateral malleolus, and runs over the dorsum of the foot, traveling between the fourth and fifth metatarsal bones before terminating at the lateral side of the tip of the fourth toe at GB-44 (zú qiào yïn, Foot Orifice Yin) . Another branch separates on the dorsum of the foot at GB-41 (zú lín qì, Foot Overlooking Tears) and runs between the first and second metatarsal bones to the end of the great toe, crossing under the toenail to join with the foot reverting yin liver channel at LR-1 (dà dün, Large Pile) . Signs associated with the external course of the channel are: alternating heat~effusion and aversion to cold; headache; malaria; gray facial complexion; eye pain; pain under the chin; subaxillary swelling; scrofula; deafness; and pain in the lateral aspect of the buttocks and in the thigh, knee, and fibula. Signs associated with the internal course of the channel are: rib-side pain, vomiting, bitter taste in the mouth, and chest pain.

zú shào yïn shèn jïng

KI. One of the twelve channels; the channel that internally homes to the kidney, nets the bladder, and links with the spine, liver, diaphragm, throat, root of the tongue, the lung, heart, and thoracic cavity, and whose external pathway starts at the small toe, passes over the sole of the foot, passes around the inner ankle body, rises up the inside of the leg, passes over the abdomen, to end in the chest. The foot lesser yin kidney channel starts on the underside of the little toe, crosses the sole of the foot obliquely to emerge out of the arch of the foot under the navicular tuberosity at KI-2 (rán gû, Blazing Valley) . It then proceeds posterior to the medial malleolus and continues into the heel. From here, it travels up the rear medial aspect of the lower leg to intersect with the foot greater yin spleen channel at SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) . Traveling up through the gastrocnemius muscle, it ascends across the medial aspect of the popliteal fossa and the posteromedial aspect of the thigh to the base of the spine where it meets the governing vessel at GV-1 (cháng qiáng, Long Strong) . It continues up the interior of the spinal column to home to the kidney, after which it turns downwards to net the bladder and intersect with the controlling vessel at CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) and CV-3 (zhöng jí, Central Pole) . A branch ascends from the kidney, goes directly to the liver, crosses the diaphragm, enters the lung, and follows the throat up to the root of the tongue. A further branch separates in the lung, links through to the heart, and disperses in the chest. Signs associated with the external course of the channel are: lumbar pain, counterflow cold of the legs, weak wilting legs, dry mouth, sore pharynx, and pain in the lateral gluteal region and in the posterior aspect of the thigh; there may also be pain in the soles of the feet. Signs associated with the internal course of the channel are: dizziness, facial swelling, blurred vision, gray facial complexion, shortness of breath, short, rapid breathing, somnolence or vexation, enduring diarrhea, sloppy stool, or dry stool evacuated with difficulty. There may also be abdominal distention, nausea and vomiting, or impotence.

Synonym:  foot damp qi ;

Synonym:  fetid water snail ;

Synonym:  eroding foot ;

Synonym:  foot rot ;

Synonym:  Hongkong foot .

A condition of the toes attributed to damp-heat pouring downward and contact with damp toxin characterized in the initial stage by water vesicles and itching between the toes and in later stages by scaling, crusting, and erosion. Foot qi sores may also give off a strange smell, which accounts for the alternate name ``fetid water snail.'' They are common in people who live or work in damp or wet environments, and are prevalent in hot humid climates , Hongkong foot). Foot qi sores are are attributed to spleen-stomach channel damp-heat pouring downward.

Western Medical Concept:  tinea pedis* athlete's foot* tinea pedis; athlete's foot.

Medication:  Use Fish Poison Yam Dampness-Percolating Decoction (bì xiè shèn shï täng). If painful and swollen, it can be treated with Coptis Toxin-Resolving Decoction (huáng lián jiê dú täng). Apply Six-to-One Powder (lìu yï sân) or Alumen Calcinatum (kü fán). Vinegar Soaking Formula (cù pào fäng) may also be used (see goose-foot wind).

Acupuncture:  Pole , 30--60 minutes a day, and needle with drainage at , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , and BL-60 (kün lún, Kunlun Mountains) . Selection of points according to pattern: For pronounced damp-heat pouring downward, add SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) and GB-41 (zú lín qì, Foot Overlooking Tears) . Another form of foot qi sore, also called foot lichen , is characterized by dryness and itching, thickening, peeling, and in cold weather cracking of the skin. The

zú jué yïn gän jïng

LR. One of the twelve channels; the channel that homes internally to the liver, nets the gallbladder, and links the genitals, stomach, diaphragm, throat, and eyes and whose external pathway starts at the large toe and rises up the inside of the leg, skirts the genitals, passes over the stomach, and ends at the side of the chest. The foot reverting yin liver channel starts on the dorsum of the great toe and runs up the foot between the first and second metatarsal bones to a point one body-inch in front of the medial malleolus. It then proceeds upward to SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , where it intersects with the foot greater yin spleen channel. Continuing up the medial aspect of the leg, it recrosses the foot greater yin spleen channel eight body-inches above the medial malleolus, thereafter running posterior to that channel over the knee and thigh. Once again it crosses the foot greater yin spleen channel at SP-12 (chöng mén, Surging Gate) and SP-13 (fû shè, Bowel Abode) , and then skirts around the genitals and penetrates the lower abdomen where it meets the controlling vessel at CV-2 (qü gû, Curved Bone) , CV-3 (zhöng jí, Central Pole) , and CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) . It ascends, moving toward the lateral aspect of the trunk to home to the liver and then nets the gallbladder. Continuing its upward course through the diaphragm, it disperses over the rib-side, then runs up to the neck posterior to the pharynx, enters the nasopharynx, and meets the tissues surrounding the eyes. The channel finally runs up the forehead to meet the governing vessel at the vertex. A branch breaks off below the eye and runs through the cheeks to contour the inside of the lips. Another branch separates from the liver, passes through the diaphragm, and enters the lung. Signs associated with the external course of the channel are: headache, dizziness, blurred vision, tinnitus, and heat~effusion. Signs associated with the internal course of the channel are: fullness, distention, and pain in the rib-side with lump glomus, fullness and oppression in the chest and stomach duct, abdominal pain, vomiting, jaundice, swill diarrhea, lower abdominal pain, mounting qi , enuresis, urinary block, and yellow urine.

foot damp qi.

zú yáng míng nüè in the foot yang brightness channel.

Elementary Questions (sù wèn) states, ``Foot yang brightness malaria causes the person first to be cold as if sprinkled with water; when the cold is pronounced, the heat~effusion comes; when the heat~effusion goes, sweating comes. The patient likes to see sunlight, moonlight, and fire qi and gains gratification from them. [For this], needle the yang brightness on the instep.''

Medication:  Use a large packet of Bamboo Leaf and Gypsum Decoction (zhú yè shí gäo täng).

zú yáng míng wèi jïng

ST. One of the twelve channels; the channel that homes to the stomach and nets the spleen, and whose external pathway starts at the side of the nose, crosses the side of the head, face and neck, runs down the chest, through the nipples, over the abdomen, and down the outer anterolateral face of the leg to end at tip of the second toe. The foot yang brightness stomach channel starts at the side of the nose, and then ascends to the inner canthus of the eye to intersect the foot greater yang bladder channel at BL-1 (jïng míng, Bright Eyes) . It then descends parallel to the nose, penetrates the maxilla into the upper gum and joins the governing vessel at GV-24 (shén tíng, Spirit Court) in the philtrum. It skirts back along the upper and lower lips to join the controlling vessel at CV-24 (chéng jiäng, Sauce Receptacle) in the mentolabial groove on the chin. From this point, it runs along the mandible to the point ST-5 (dà yíng, Great Reception) and rounds the angle of the mandible to ST-6 (jiá chë, Cheek Carriage) . It proceeds upward in front of the ear, intersects with the foot lesser yang gallbladder channel at GB-3 (shàng guän, Upper Gate) , and continues along the hairline, intersecting the foot lesser yang channel again at GB-6 (xuán lí, Suspended Tuft) , from where it crosses to the middle of the forehead to intersect with the governing vessel at GV-24 (shén tíng, Spirit Court) . A branch separates at ST-5 (dà yíng, Great Reception) , runs down the throat to the point ST-9 (rén yíng, Man's Prognosis) , and then continues down to the supraclavicular fossa. From here it crosses through to the back to intersect the governing vessel at GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) , and then descends internally, crossing the diaphragm and intersecting with the controlling vessel internally at CV-13 (shàng wân, Upper Stomach Duct) , and CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , before homing to the stomach and netting the spleen. Another branch separates at ST-12 (quë pén, Empty Basin) , runs down the surface of the trunk along the mammillary line, and continues downward, passing beside the umbilicus to enter the qi street (the inguinal region) at ST-30 (qì chöng, Qi Thoroughfare) . Yet another branch starts in the area of the pylorus, descending internally to join the branch just described at ST-30 (qì chöng, Qi Thoroughfare) in the inguinal region. It emerges here and runs down to ST-31 (bì guän, Thigh Joint) on the anterior aspect of the thigh. It travels down the thigh to the high point above the knee at ST-32 (fú tù, Crouching Rabbit) , and on down to the patella, then proceeds downward along the lateral side of the tibia to ST-42 (chöng yáng, Surging Yang) on the dorsum of the foot, finally terminating at the lateral side of the tip of the second toe. A branch separates at ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , three body-inches below the knee and runs down lateral and parallel to the main branch, terminating on the lateral side of the middle toe. Yet another branch breaks off from the main branch on the dorsum of the foot at ST-42 (chöng yáng, Surging Yang) , terminating on the medial side of the great toe where it nets the spleen channel at SP-1 (yîn bái, Hidden White) . Signs along the external course of the channel are: high fever, malaria, red face, sweating, clouded spirit and delirious speech, manic agitation, aversion to cold, pain in the eyes, dry nose and nosebleed, lip and mouth sores, sore larynx, swelling in the neck, deviated mouth, chest pain, and cold or pain, redness, and swelling in the lower limbs. Signs along the internal course of the channel are: pronounced abdominal distention and fullness, and water swelling, vexation and discomfort while active or recumbent, and mania and withdrawal. There may also be swift digestion and rapid hungering, and yellow urine.

yôu lì

Strong, powerful. The term forceful is most commonly used in the pulse examination to describe any pulse that beats with force. See pulse condition.

wú lì

Weak, lacking in strength. The term forceless is most commonly used in the pulse examination to describe any pulse that beats without force. See pulse condition. The same Chinese term is rendered in other contexts as lack of strength.

é

The part of the head below the front hairline and above the brow.

é xìn

fontanel gate.

jiàn wàng

Synonym:  poor memory .

Tendency to forget matters. Forgetfulness occurs most commonly in vacuity patterns such as depletion of kidney essence and insufficiency of the heart and spleen, but also in repletion patterns such as affect damage and phlegm turbidity harassing the upper body.

Depletion of kidney essence  (shèn jïng kuï xü) observed in advancing age or after debilitating sickness causes forgetfulness with aching lumbus and weak legs, dizzy head and tinnitus, and in some cases seminal emission and premature ejaculation, and is accompanied by heat signs such as vexing heat in the five hearts, red tongue, and rapid fine pulse.

Medication:  Supplement the kidney and boost essence using Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill (lìu wèi dì huáng wán) plus Ziziphi Spinosi Semen (suän zâo rén), Schisandrae Fructus (wû wèi zî), Polygalae Radix (yuân zhì), and Acori Rhizoma (shí chäng pú). If there is also kidney yang vacuity, Cervi Gelatinum Cornu (lù jiâo jiäo), Cistanches Caulis (ròu cöng róng), Morindae Radix (bä jî tiän), Anisi Stellati Fructus (bä jiâo huí xiäng), and Hominis Placenta (zî hé chë) may be added.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on back transport points and KI. Select BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , BL-15 (xïn shü, Heart Transport) , CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , KI-4 (dà zhöng, Large Goblet) , KI-3 (tài xï, Great Ravine) , and BL-52 (zhì shì, Will Chamber) ; needle with supplementation.

Insufficiency of the heart and spleen  (xïn pí bù zú) often stems from excessive thinking and is accompanied by lassitude of spirit, reduced food intake, and heart palpitations.

Medication:  Supplement the heart and spleen using Spleen-Returning Decoction (guï pí täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on back transport, CV, HT, and SP. Select BL-15 (xïn shü, Heart Transport) , CV-14 (jù què, Great Tower Gate) , BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , BL-17 (gé shü, Diaphragm Transport) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , HT-5 (töng lî, Connecting Li) , and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) ; needle with supplementation and moxa.

Affect damage  (nèi shäng qï qíng) involves the liver. Here, forgetfulness is accompanied by susceptibility to fright and fear.

Medication:  Course the liver, resolve depression, and free the network vessels using Bupleurum Liver-Coursing Powder (chái hú shü gän sân) plus Curcumae Tuber (yù jïn) and Acori Rhizoma (shí chäng pú).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on the back transport points, HT, PC, and LR. Select BL-15 (xïn shü, Heart Transport) , BL-18 (gän shü, Liver Transport) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , HT-7 (shén mén, Spirit Gate) , and HT-5 (töng lî, Connecting Li) ; needle with even supplementation and drainage.

Phlegm turbidity harassing the upper body  (nèi shäng qï qíng) causes forgetfulness with dizziness together with signs such as oppression in the chest, nausea, and vomiting.

Medication:  Downbear counterflow, transform phlegm, and open the orifices using Gallbladder-Warming Decoction (wën dân täng) again with the addition of Acori Rhizoma (shí chäng pú) and Curcumae Tuber (yù jïn).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on ST. Select ST-8 (tóu wéi, Head Corner) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , CV-17 (shän zhöng, Chest Center) , ST-41 (jiê xï, Ravine Divide) , and ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) ; needle with even supplementation and drainage.

huà

See transformation.

fäng jì

A remedy; a medicinal recipe or prescription, giving the ingredients often with their weights or proportions.

jiàn

See supplement.

jiàn zhöng

To fortify the spleen and stomach. See fortifying the spleen; fortifying the stomach.

jiàn pí

Synonym:  boosting the spleen .

A method of treatment used to address impaired splenic movement and transformation, characterized by a withered yellow facial complexion, lack of strength in the limbs, reduced appetite, stomach duct pain that likes pressure or is relieved by eating, sloppy stool, a pale tongue with white fur, and a soggy weak pulse.

Medication:  Spleen-fortifying medicinals include Codonopsitis Radix (dâng shën), Atractylodis Ovatae Rhizoma (bái zhú), Poria (fú líng), Dioscoreae Rhizoma (shän yào), and Coicis Semen (yì yî rén). A commonly used formula is Four Gentlemen Decoction (sì jün zî täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on back transport points, CV, ST, and SP. Select BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , BL-21 (wèi shü, Stomach Transport) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , and needle and moxa. See spleen qi vacuity; splenic movement and transformation failure. Compare moving the spleen.

jiàn pí yì qì

Synonym:  fortifying the spleen and supplementing qi .

A method of treatment used to address qi vacuity and splenic movement and transformation failure, characterized by bright white facial complexion, faint voice, reduced food intake, sloppy stool, lack of strength in the limbs, and moderate weak or soft fine pulse.

Medication:  A classic spleen-fortifying qi-boosting formula is Four Gentlemen Decoction (sì jün zî täng). In this formula, Ginseng Radix (rén shën) and Glycyrrhizae Radix (gän câo) boost qi, whereas Atractylodis Ovatae Rhizoma (bái zhú), and Poria (fú líng) fortify the spleen. In Spleen-Returning Decoction (guï pí täng), Astragali (seu Hedysari) Radix (huáng qí), and Ginseng Radix (rén shën) are used to fortify the spleen and boost qi.

Acupuncture:  Use the points under fortifying the spleen, and add CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , and SP-3 (tài bái, Supreme White) ; needle with supplementation and moxa. Compare supplementing the spleen and boosting qi.

jiàn pí shü gän

Synonym:  banking up earth and repressing wood .

A method of treatment used to address binding depression of liver qi causing impaired splenic movement characterized by rib-side pain and distention, no thought of food or drink, abdominal distention and rumbling intestines, thin stool, white slimy tongue, and a stringlike pulse.

Medication:  Liver-coursing medicinals such as Bupleuri Radix (chái hú), Citri Exocarpium Immaturum (qïng pí), Saussureae (seu Vladimiriae) Radix (mù xiäng), and Citri Sarcodactylidis Flos (fó shôu huä) are combined with spleen-fortifying medicinals such as Atractylodis Ovatae Rhizoma (bái zhú), Poria (fú líng), Coicis Semen (yì yî rén), and Dioscoreae Rhizoma (shän yào). Spleen-fortifying liver-coursing formulas include Free Wanderer Powder (xiäo yáo sân) or Saussurea and Amomum Six Gentlemen Decoction (xiäng shä lìu jün zî täng) plus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus (yì zhì rén), Magnoliae Cortex (hòu pò), and Massa Medicata Fermentata (shén qü).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on ST, SP, CV, and LR. Needle with drainage at LR-14 (qï mén, Cycle Gate) and LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , and with supplementation at BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , BL-21 (wèi shü, Stomach Transport) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) .

jiàn pí lì shï <

fortifying the spleen> fortifying the spleen and disinhibiting water.

jiàn pí lì shuî <

fortifying the spleen>

Synonym:  fortifying the spleen and disinhibiting dampness ;

Synonym:  fortifying the spleen and percolating dampness .

A method of treatment used to address water-damp due to the spleen failing dam water manifesting in generalized swelling, oppression in the stomach duct and reduced food intake, abdominal distention, and sloppy stool.

Medication:  A classic spleen-fortifying water-disinhibiting formula is Poria (Hoelen) Five Powder (wû líng sân), among whose ingredients Atractylodis Ovatae Rhizoma (bái zhú) and Poria (fú líng) fortify the spleen, and Polyporus (zhü líng) and Alismatis Rhizoma (zé xiè) disinhibit water.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, back transport points, and SP. Select BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , CV-9 (shuî fën, Water Divide) , and BL-22 (sän jiäo shü, Triple Burner Transport) ; needle with supplementation and moxa.

jiàn pí hé wèi <

fortifying the spleen>

Synonym:  harmonizing the stomach and spleen .

A method of treatment used to enhance splenic movement and transformation and treat glomus and fullness.

Medication:  A representative spleen-fortifying stomach harmonizing formula is Unripe Bitter Orange and Glomus-Dispersing Pill (zhî shí xiäo pî wán). Spleen-Fortifying Pill (jiàn pí wán) and Sudden Smile Pill (shï xiào wán) also possess a spleen-fortifying stomach-harmonizing action.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on back transport points, CV, SP, and ST. Select BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , BL-21 (wèi shü, Stomach Transport) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) ; needle with supplementation and moxa.

jiàn pí shèn shï <

fortifying the spleen> fortifying the spleen and disinhibiting water.

jiàn pí huà tán

drying dampness and transforming phlegm.

jiàn pí wën shèn huà tán <

fortify the spleen> A method of treatment used to address spleen-kidney yang vacuity with lung cold and phlegm obstruction characterized by physical cold and cold limbs, cold aching back and lumbus, cough with copious phlegm, enuresis accompanying acute cough, white tongue fur, and a slow sunken pulse.

Medication:  A representative spleen-fortifying kidney-warming phlegm-transforming formula is Phlegm-Rheum Pill (tán yîn wán).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on back transport points, SP, ST, LU, and KI. Select BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , SP-3 (tài bái, Supreme White) , GV-4 (mìng mén, Life Gate) , KI-7 (fù lïu, Recover Flow) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , and LU-9 (tài yuän, Great Abyss) ; needle with supplementation and moxa.

jiàn wèi

A method of treatment used to improve the stomach's governing of intake and decomposition of food. Since stomach qi is normal when it bears downward freely, fortifying the stomach often involves the downbearing and qi.

Medication:  Commonly used stomach-fortifying medicinals include Caryophylli Flos (dïng xiäng), Amomi Cardamomi Fructus (bái dòu kòu), Amomi Semen seu Fructus (shä rén), Magnoliae Cortex (hòu pò), and Citri Exocarpium (chén pí). For damp turbidity complication, aromatic dampness-transforming medicinals can be added. For food stagnation complication, food-dispersing stagnation-abducting medicinals can also be added. For qi vacuity complication, spleen-fortifying qi-boosting medicinals can be added.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on transport and alarm points of the stomach, and other ST points. Select BL-21 (wèi shü, Stomach Transport) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , and ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) ; needle with supplementation and add moxa. For phlegm turbidity, add LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , and ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) . For stagnation add ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , ST-21 (liáng mén, Beam Gate) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , , and CV-21 (xuán jï, Jade Swivel) . For qi vacuity, add BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , and CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) ,

zhí shì

A condition in which the eyes look forward fixedly and are spiritless. Forward-staring eyes accompany unclear affect-mind in conditions such as wind stroke, fright wind, and epilepsy, and are mostly attributed to liver wind stirring internally.

yù

Supplement (especially yin). See supplement.

yù yïn

supplementing yin.

yù yïn qián yáng

Synonym:  enriching yin,

calming the liver, and subduing yang .

A method of treatment used to address liver-kidney yin vacuity with ascendant liver yang characterized by headache, dizziness, tinnitus or deafness, vexation and agitation, irascibility, baking heat in the head and face, dry mouth and throat, insomnia and profuse dreaming, a red tongue, and a rapid stringlike fine pulse.

Medication:  Medicinals that enrich the liver and kidney yin such as Rehmanniae Radix Conquita (shú dì huáng), Lycii Fructus (gôu qî zî), and Ecliptae Herba (mò hàn lián) are combined with yang-subduing medicinals such as Ostreae Concha Cruda (shëng mû lì), Mastodi Ossis Fossilia Cruda (shëng lóng gû), Haliotidis Concha Cruda (shëng shí jué míng), and Magnetitum (cí shí). To these may also be added liver-calming medicinals such as Uncariae Ramulus cum Unco (göu téng), Chrysanthemi Flos (jú huä), and Gastrodiae Rhizoma (tiän má) to perform the triple action of enriching yin, calming the liver, and subduing yang.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on KI, LR, GB, and PC. Needle with supplementation at BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , BL-18 (gän shü, Liver Transport) , KI-3 (tài xï, Great Ravine) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , and with drainage at GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , and KI-1 (yông quán, Gushing Spring) .

huì chòu

The smell of filth, as distinct from fishy, animal, or putrid smells.

huì zhuó

Damp turbidity, mountain forest miasma, or foul-smelling excreta. The term ``foul,'' used in the sense of filthy or dirty, describes color and smell; ``turbidity,'' means dirty, thick, and heavy, and describes evils such as phlegm and dampness that have an obstructive effect of evils on clear, light yang qi. See also damp turbidity; foul smell.

wèi qì yíng xuè biàn zhèng

Identification of disease pattern according to the four aspects: defense , qi, construction , and blood. According to doctrine of warm diseases, warm evils invade the body to first affect defense, and then progress, unless halted by right qi or treatment, through the other aspects. When disease affects defense, sweat-effusing treatment may be given. Only when it reaches the qi aspect can qi-clearing treatment be prescribed. When it enters construction, treatment involves outthrusting heat to the qi aspect. Finally, when it reaches blood and causes depletion and frenetic movement, blood cooling and dissipation is prescribed.

wèi qì yíng xuè

See defense, qi, construction, and blood.

sì wän fëng

A skin disease most common in children, affecting the elbows, backs of the knees, ankles, etc. (the ``bends''), and characterized by roughening and thickening of the skin, itching, and exudation when the skin is scratched open.

Western Medical Concept:  eczema*!ectopic ectopic eczema.

Medication:  Dispel wind and percolate dampness. Mysterious Three Pill (sän miào wán). Indigo Powder (qïng dài sân). In persistent cases, use Kochiae Fructus (dì fü zî), Cnidii Monnieri Fructus (shé chuáng zî), Zanthoxyli Pericarpium (huä jiäo), Sophorae Flavescentis Radix (kû shën), and Alumen (bái fán). See damp sores.

sì zông xué

Points ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , BL-40 (wêi zhöng, Bend Center) , LU-7 (liè quë, Broken Sequence) , and LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , which ``command'' the body and are used to treat ailments that affect those particular sections. ST-36 is the command point of the abdomen, and treats diarrhea, constipation and abdominal pain and distention. BL-40 is the command point of the back and lumbus, and treats pain in those parts. LI-4 is the command point of the face and mouth and is useful for treating such diseases as toothache, swollen cheeks, nosebleed and headache. LU-7 is the command point of the head and nape, and treats headache and stiffness of the nape. Command points are often combined with points more specific to the disease being treated. For example, treatment of lumbar pain might pair BL-40, the command point of the back, with local points such as BL-23 and BL-30.