D

dài yáng

upcast yang.

shäng

Injury of any kind, e.g., damage to liquid.

wû láo suô shäng

Diseases of qi, blood, sinews, and bones caused by imbalance of work and rest. The Inner Canon (nèi jïng) states, ``Prolonged vision damages the blood; prolonged lying damages qi; prolonged sitting damages the flesh; prolonged standing damages the bones; and prolonged walking damages the sinews. These are the five forms of taxation damage.'' See taxation.

qì yïn liâng shäng

dual vacuity of qi and yin.

jïn yè sûn shäng

Reduction of liquid and humor by the action of heat or fire occurring in internal damage miscellaneous disease when yin humor is depleted as a result of enduring illness, excessive loss of blood, excessive urination, or overuse of water-disinhibiting (diuretic) medicinals. It includes damage to liquid and the more severe form, damage to yin.

shäng jïn

A disease pattern resulting from major depletion of fluids following high fever, excessive sweating in externally contracted heat (febrile) disease or from severe vomiting and diarrhea. Signs include thirst with desire to drink, dry throat, lips, tongue, nose, and skin, and a dry red tongue.

Medication:  Clear heat and moisten dryness; engender liquid and increase humor. Commonly used medicinals include Adenophorae seu Glehniae Radix (shä shën), Ophiopogonis Tuber (mài mén döng), Polygonati Yuzhu Rhizoma (yù zhú), Scrophulariae Radix (xuán shën), Rehmanniae Radix Exsiccata seu Recens (shëng dì huáng), Trichosanthis Radix (tiän huä fên), Pseudostellariae Radix (tài zî shën), and Sesami Semen Atrum (hëi zhï má). Formulas include Humor-Increasing Decoction (zëng yè täng), Adenophora/Glehnia and Ophiopogon Decoction (shä shën mài döng täng), and Bamboo Leaf and Gypsum Decoction (zhú yè shí gäo täng).

rèn shën dú yào shäng täi <

damage to the fetus> Lumbar pain, sagging in the abdomen, and signs of stirring fetus after consumption of toxic medicinals in pregnancy.

Medication:  Resolve toxin and quiet the fetus. Make a strong decoction of Glycyrrhizae Radix (gän câo), Glycines Semen Atrum (hëi dà dòu), and Lophatheri Folium (dàn zhú yè) and take in frequent small doses. See also stirring fetus.

nù shäng gän

See anger damages the liver.

zào qì shäng fèi

dryness qi damaging the lung.

fèi luò sûn shäng

A condition manifest in expectoration of blood; caused by severe or enduring cough.

chöng rèn sûn shäng

Synonym:  emptiness of the thoroughfare and controlling vessels .

Any of various patterns such as menstrual irregularities, lesser-abdominal pain, lumbar pain, flooding and spotting, habitual miscarriage, or infertility attributable to excessive sexual activity, excessive childbirth, or various evils. The thoroughfare vessel is the sea of blood, whereas the controlling vessel governs the fetus; both are intimately related to the liver, kidney, qi and blood.

shäng yáng

Damage to yang qi; it may be a)~due to use of cold bitter medicinals, or sweating, or diarrhea during the course of disease; b)~due to direct strike by cold evil or prevalence of internal cold yin qi, described in Elementary Questions (sù wèn) as ``When yin prevails, yang ails''; c)~due to sudden joy that causes the heart spirit to float astray and qi to be easily worn and dissipated, causing heart palpitations, fearful throbbing, abstraction, and insomnia.

shäng yïn

Loss of body fluids.

Definition:  Scorching of yin fluid by hyperactive yang.

Definition: 

Synonym:  humor desertion .

Loss of fluids more severe than damage to liquid, generally occurring in the later stages of externally contracted heat (febrile) diseases when the patient's general condition is poor and characterized by a desiccated, peeling, or mirror tongue that is dull crimson in color. The throat and mouth, lips, nose, and skin are dry although the thirst is not pronounced. There are also signs such as dry bound stool and short voidings of scant urine. In severe cases, there may be clouded spirit and tetanic reversal.

àn jié fâ

See qi-moving technique.

shï

See dampness.

shï huò luàn

Definition:  .

The principal feature of cholera is simultaneous vomiting and diarrhea. However, desire to vomit without vomiting and desire to defecate without diarrhea constitutes dry cholera; hence the term damp cholera serves the purpose of differentiation. See cholera.

Definition: 

Synonym:  summerheat cholera .

Summerheat cholera.

Western Medical Concept:  cholera* paracholera* food poisoning*!bacillary cholera; paracholera; bacillary food poisoning. See cold cholera; heat cholera; cholera cramps.

shï ké due to contraction of dampness evil giving rise to damp phlegm that congests the lung.

Damp cough is characterized by cough with copious phlegm, joint pain, heavy limbs, swelling of the face and limbs, and inhibited urination.

Medication:  Transform dampness and dispel phlegm using formulas such as Priceless Qi-Righting Powder (bù huàn jïn zhèng qì sân)

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LU, SP, and ST. Select BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , LU-9 (tài yuän, Great Abyss) , SP-3 (tài bái, Supreme White) , LU-5 (chî zé, Cubit Marsh) , CV-22 (tiän tú, Celestial Chimney) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , and LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) . Needle with drainage and add moxa.

shï yù

One of the six depressions. Stagnation of dampness usually arising when dampness causes qi to stagnate. Damp depression is characterized by generalized pain and heaviness, heavy clouded head, fatigue and lassitude, somnolence, thin slimy tongue fur, and a pulse that is sunken, rough, and moderate. Episodes are brought on by yin-type (dull wet) weather. If damp depression is accompanied by heat and prevents the heat from thrusting through to the outer body, the pattern is called dampness trapping hidden heat; if it affects movement and transformation of the spleen, it is called dampness encumbering spleen yang.

Medication:  Eliminate dampness and resolve depression. Use Damp Depression Decoction (shï yù täng), Dampness-Eliminating Decoction (chú shï täng), or Stomach-Calming Powder (píng wèi sân). See six depressions.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on SP and ST. Select SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , and LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) ; needle with even supplementation and drainage and moxa, if appropriate. For dampness trapping hidden heat, drain LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , ST-44 (nèi tíng, Inner Court) , and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) . For dampness encumbering spleen yang, add CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , LR-13 (zhäng mén, Camphorwood Gate) , and BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) .

shï xiè

Synonym:  soggy diarrhea ;

Synonym:  throughflux diarrhea .

attributable to dampness qi damaging the spleen. The stool is either watery or sloppy and evacuated several times a day. The tongue fur is slimy and the pulse soggy.

Medication:  Transform dampness and harmonize the center using formulas like Dampness-Eliminating Decoction (chú shï täng) or Stomach-Calming Poria (Hoelen) Five Decoction (wèi líng täng). If there is heat, Fifth and Sixth Heavenly Stem Pill (wù jî wán) can be used.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, ST, SP, and back transport points. Select CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , LR-13 (zhäng mén, Camphorwood Gate) , BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , and CV-9 (shuî fën, Water Divide) . Needle with supplementation, adding moxa at these points or .

shï rè

A combination of dampness and heat. Damp-heat may be of external or internal origin, or a combination of both. It can cause a variety of different diseases, and is characterized by signs of both dampness and heat. Pain and fullness in the abdomen and poor appetite reflect dampness, whereas heat~effusion, hard stool, and short voidings of scant yellow or reddish urine reflect heat. The tongue fur is yellow, thick, and slimy, the yellowness reflecting heat and the thickness and sliminess reflecting dampness. The pulse is rapid, and either soggy or slippery, the rapidness indicating heat and the soggy or slippery quality indicating dampness. Thirst indicates heat, but the lack of desire to actually swallow fluids reflects the clogging effect of dampness. Generally speaking, damp-heat of external origin gives rise to signs such as heat~effusion, heart vexation, thirst, spontaneous sweating, painful swollen limb joints, and fullness in the chest. Damp-heat that arises internally by dampness forming with heat tends to affect the middle and lower burner, as well as the skin. This broad range of diseases caused by damp-heat evil may be classified according to the organ or aspect of the organism affected. Damp-heat patterns include: damp-heat lodged in the qi aspect, characterized by low fluctuating heat~effusion with fatigued limbs and oppression in the chest; spleen-stomach damp-heat, characterized by nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. damp-heat brewing in the liver and gallbladder, characterized by rib-side pain and distention; damp-heat pouring down into the bladder, characterized by frequent urination, urinary urgency, painful urination, and yellow to reddish urine; damp-heat pouring down into the large intestine, characterized by diarrhea with ungratifying defecation or by frequent defecation with tenesmus and stool containing pus and blood (dysentery). The latter two categories are forms of damp-heat pouring downward (lower burner damp-heat), which can also manifest in the form of genital itch, vaginal discharge, painful swelling of the joints of the lower limbs, foot damp qi (Hongkong foot), and cinnabar toxin (erysipelas) of the lower leg.

Medication:  Damp-heat is treated by the combined method of clearing heat and transforming dampness, emphasis being variously placed on either of its two components depending on whether dampness or heat is prominent.

Acupuncture:  Points are selected according to whether the cause is external or internal. For external causes, use LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , GB-34 (yáng líng quán, Yang Mound Spring) as the main points, and drain. For internal causes, use SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , and ST-44 (nèi tíng, Inner Court) as the main points, and drain. Although moxa is often used in the treatment of dampness, it should not be used for damp-heat. Treatment varies according to the organ or aspect of the organism affected.

shï rè fù tòng due to damp-

heat brewing in the spleen and stomach. It is intermittent pain that refuses pressure, and is sometimes associated with retching and vomiting, or heat~effusion and aversion to cold, or yellowing of the body and eyes, and with oppression in the chest. Other accompanying signs include bitter taste or slimy sensation in the mouth, constipation or diarrhea, a slimy yellow tongue fur, and a soggy rapid or surging rapid pulse.

Western Medical Concept:  This pattern is seen in cholecystitis* cholelithiasis* gallstones* tuberculosis*!intestinal dysentery*!bacillary dysentery*!chronic cholecystitis, cholelithiasis (gallstones), intestinal tuberculosis, and chronic bacillary dysentery.

Medication:  Clear heat and drain fire; move qi and transform dampness. Use formulas like Fire-Dissipating Decoction (sàn huô täng) or Major Bupleurum Decoction (dà chái hú täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LI, ST, and SP. Select LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , and needle with drainage. See also damp-heat dysentery.

shï rè nèi yùn

Damp-heat brewing in the spleen and stomach and in the liver and gallbladder. Dampness is a heavy, turbid, and stagnant evil that hampers qi dynamic. Heat, when combining with dampness, is difficult to resolve, and has a damaging effect on yang qi. It is characterized by abiding, high postmeridian fever, generalized heaviness, fatigue and lack of strength, heavy clouded spirit, glomus and fullness in the chest and stomach duct, no thought of food and drink, sticky slimy stool with ungratifying defecation, inhibited urination with yellow or reddish urine. In some cases, there may be jaundice.

shï rè yùn jié páng guäng

bladder damp-heat.

shï rè yùn jié gän dân

liver-gallbladder damp-heat.

shï rè yùn pí

spleen-stomach damp-heat.

shï rè xiè

Diarrhea due to damp-heat brewing and binding in the stomach and intestines. Damp-heat diarrhea is thick yellow diarrhea with abdominal pain and heat, red face, and thirst. It mostly occurs in the summer.

Medication:  Use Poria (Hoelen) Five Powder (wû líng sân) plus Gypsum (shí gäo), Glycyrrhizae Radix (gän câo), and Mutong Caulis (mù töng).

shï rè xuàn yün

See summerheat-damp dizziness.

shï rè lì attributed to damp-

heat. Damp-heat dysentery arises when damp-heat accumulates in the intestines, causing stagnation of qi and blood and impairing the intestine's function of conveyance. It is associated with the classic signs of dysentery, i.e., red and white stool due to the presence of blood and pus, tenesmus, and abdominal pain; it is characterized by thick sticky, foul-smelling stool that causes a burning sensation in the anus when passed, short voidings of reddish urine, a slimy yellow tongue fur, and slippery rapid pulse. In some cases, heat~effusion is present.

Medication:  Clear heat and dry dampness; regulate qi and move the blood. Use formulas like Peony Decoction (sháo yào täng), Pulsatilla Decoction (bái tóu wëng täng), or Saussurea and Coptis Pill (xiäng lián wán). If there is pronounced generalized heat~effusion, Pueraria, Scutellaria, and Coptis Decoction (gé gën qín lián täng) can be used. If qi and food stagnation signs such as abdominal pain and tenesmus are pronounced, use Unripe Bitter Orange Stagnation-Abducting Pill (zhî shí dâo zhì wán). In addition, Euphorbiae Humifusae Herba (dì jîn câo), Portulacae Herba (mâ chî xiàn), Andrographidis Herba (chuän xïn lián), and Allii Sativi Bulbus (dà suàn) are also effective.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment on ST and LI. Select LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , ST-37 (shàng jù xü, Upper Great Hollow) , LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , and ST-44 (nèi tíng, Inner Court) , needling with drainage. For pronounced generalized heat~effusion, add GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) and prick the . For pronounced qi stagnation or food stagnation, add CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , and ST-21 (liáng mén, Beam Gate) .

shï rè tóu tòng due to damp-

heat steaming upward and clouding the upper orifices. It is associated with heavy-headedness, heavy body, vexation, pain in the joints, swelling of the limbs and face, slimy yellow tongue fur, and a rapid soggy pulse.

Medication:  Clear heat and transform dampness. Use Clear Sky Paste (qïng köng gäo) or Three Kernels Decoction (sän rén täng) and their variations.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on ST and LI. Select , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , LU-7 (liè quë, Broken Sequence) , LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , and SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , and needle with drainage. For selection of points according to affected area, and additional information, see headache.

shï rè huáng dân due to damp-

heat; a form of yang jaundice. Damp-heat is the major cause of jaundice and is identified by signs such as generalized heat~effusion, vexation and thirst, and a forceful surging slippery pulse. Other signs include agitation, swift digestion with rapid hungering, painful rough voidings of red urine, and constipation.

Western Medical Concept:  hepatitis*!acute icteric acute icteric hepatitis* Mostly corresponds to acute icteric hepatitis.

Medication:  Clear heat and disinhibit dampness; open depression. Use Rhubarb and Niter Decoction (dà huáng xiäo shí täng) or Capillaris Decoction (yïn chén häo täng). Compare yang jaundice. More at jaundice.

shï rè líu liàn qì fèn

Synonym:  damp-

heat lodged in the triple burner .

An externally contracted heat (febrile) disease pattern characterized by persistent low or remittent heat~effusion, fatigued limbs, and oppression in the chest. Thirst without appreciable intake of fluid is accompanied by a bland, bitter taste or slimy sensation in the mouth. Voidings are short with reddish urine. The tongue fur is yellow and slimy. Summerheat-damp and damp obstruction may also be characterized by such signs. More at qi-aspect pattern.

shï rè líu liàn sän jiäo

damp-heat lodged in the qi aspect.

shï rè yäo tòng due to damp-

heat obstructing the channels and network vessels. Damp-heat lumbar pain is characterized by lumbar and hip pain with local sensation of heat, associated with a rapid stringlike pulse and reddish urine.

Medication:  Clear heat and disinhibit dampness. Use formulas like Supplemented Mysterious Two Powder (jiä wèi èr miào sân).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment on SP, BL, and KI. Select SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , BL-40 (wêi zhöng, Bend Center) , BL-37 (yïn mén, Gate of Abundance) , and KI-3 (tài xï, Great Ravine) . Needle with drainage or prick to bleed.

shï rè shàn attributed to damp-

heat; characterized by heat, swelling, distention, and pain of the scrotum with constipation, yellow urine, slimy yellow tongue fur, and a rapid stringlike pulse. In some cases there may be heat~effusion and aversion to cold.

Medication:  Clear heat and transform dampness; disperse swelling and dissipate binds. Use Gentian Liver-Draining Decoction (lóng dân xiè gän täng) combined with Tangerine Pip Pill (jú hé wán).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on the CV and the three yin channels of the foot. Select CV-3 (zhöng jí, Central Pole) , ST-30 (qì chöng, Qi Thoroughfare) , CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , and LR-1 (dà dün, Large Pile) , needling with drainage. Selection of points according to signs: For painful swelling of the scrotum, add LR-8 (qü quán, Spring at the Bend) , KI-6 (zhào hâi, Shining Sea) , and LR-5 (lî göu, Woodworm Canal) . For heat~effusion and aversion to cold, add LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , and TB-5 (wài guän, Outer Pass) .

shï rè zû zhì pí wèi

spleen-stomach damp-heat.

shï rè xià zhù páng guäng

bladder damp-heat.

shï rè xià zhù dà cháng

large intestinal damp-heat.

shï rè xià zhù

lower burner damp-heat.

shï rè xié tòng due to damp-

heat causing stagnation of qi in the liver and gallbladder vessels. Damp-heat rib-side pain is a continuous pain associated with distention or that comes in acute episodes, and and that may stretch into the region below the heart and the back of the chest. It is associated with nausea, vomiting, oppression in the chest, torpid intake, short voidings of reddish urine, and in some cases heat and cold and yellowing of the eye and skin.

Medication:  Course the liver and gallbladder; clear heat and transform dampness. Use formulas like Gentian Liver-Draining Decoction (lóng dân xiè gän täng) or Capillaris Decoction (yïn chén häo täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on hand and foot lesser yang TB/GB, LR and SP. Select LR-14 (qï mén, Cycle Gate) , GB-24 (rì yuè, Sun and Moon) , TB-6 (zhï göu, Branch Ditch) , GB-34 (yáng líng quán, Yang Mound Spring) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , and needle with drainage.

shï rè yí jïng arising when excessive consumption of liquor and rich food causes spleen-

stomach damp-heat, which pours downward to harass the ``essence chamber.''

Medication:  Drain heat, abduct dampness, and fortify the spleen. Use Essence-Containing Pill (mì jïng wán).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV and SP to clear heat and disinhibit dampness and to quiet the palace of essence. Select CV-3 (zhöng jí, Central Pole) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , and ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) ; needle with drainage. See seminal emission.

shï rè wêi attributed to damp-

heat damaging the sinews. Damp-heat wilting is characterized by wilting , slight swelling, and numbness of the lower limbs, attended by generalized heaviness, oppression in the chest, inhibited voidings of reddish urine, a slimy yellow tongue fur, and soggy rapid pulse.

Medication:  Clear heat and dry dampness; fortify the spleen and percolate dampness. Use formulas like Supplemented Mysterious Two Powder (jiä wèi èr miào sân).

Acupuncture:  Use the basic points given under wilting , and add SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , SP-5 (shäng qïu, Shang Hill) , and ST-44 (nèi tíng, Inner Court) , needling with drainage.

shï bì

Synonym:  fixed impediment .

Definition:  An impediment pattern arising when wind, cold, and predominantly dampness invades the channels and joints. Damp impediment is characterized by heaviness of the limbs, stubborn numbness of the skin, pain in the joints of fixed location triggered by yin-type (dull wet) weather.

Medication:  Treatment is based primarily on dispelling dampness, and secondarily on dissipating wind and expelling cold, and supplementing the spleen and moving qi, using formulas such as Dampness-Eliminating Impediment-Alleviating Decoction (chú shï juän bì täng).

Acupuncture:  Main points: ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , and SP-5 (shäng qïu, Shang Hill) . Needle with drainage and add moxa, or use warm needle technique. Cutaneous needling and cupping may also be used. See impediment for selection of points according to affected area.

Definition:  with pain and numbness in the legs. See damp leg qi.

characterized by severe swelling from the foot to the knee,

attended by numbness, heaviness, and limpness of the lower limbs, inhibited urination, slimy white tongue fur, and a soggy moderate pulse. Damp leg qi is attributed to water-damp congesting the channels.

Western Medical Concept:  vitamin B1 deficiency* beriberi* beriberi (attributed to vitamin B deficiency).

Medication:  Diffuse congestion and expel dampness. Use Cockcrow Powder (jï míng sân) and variations. Where damp-heat is prevalent with signs such as thirst, reddish urine, slimy yellow tongue fur, and soggy rapid pulse, treat by clearing and disinhibiting with formulas such as Fangji Beverage (fáng jî yîn).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on SP, ST, and GB. Select ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , SP-5 (shäng qïu, Shang Hill) , GB-34 (yáng líng quán, Yang Mound Spring) , GB-39 (xuán zhöng, Suspended Bell) , ST-41 (jiê xï, Ravine Divide) , and . Needle with drainage. Selection of points according to signs: For pronounced damp-heat, add GB-41 (zú lín qì, Foot Overlooking Tears) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , and LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , and prick LI-1 (shäng yáng, Shang Yang) to bleed. For heat~effusion and aversion to cold, add LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) , and TB-5 (wài guän, Outer Pass) .

shï xiân (

skin conditions characterized by slight elevation of the skin, watery discharge, scaling, and itching) arising as a result of wind-damp-heat invading the skin. Damp lichen is characterized by redness, ulceration, itching, a feeling of worms creeping in the skin. Scratching causes exudation of watery discharge and gradual spread of the sore.

Western Medical Concept:  eczema* dermatitis* acute eczema, dermatitis.

Medication:  Eliminate dampness and kill worms. Use Dampness-Eliminating Stomach-Calming Poria (Hoelen) Five Decoction (chú shï wèi líng täng) as oral medication and Cnidium Seed Powder (shé chuáng zî sân) mixed with sesame oil.

Acupuncture:  Select , GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) , BL-12 (fëng mén, Wind Gate) , BL-40 (wêi zhöng, Bend Center) , LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , SP-10 (xuè hâi, Sea of Blood) , and HT-7 (shén mén, Spirit Gate) . Needle with drainage. For pronounced itching, add .

shï yäo tòng

See dampness damage lumbar pain.

shï nüè

Definition: 

summerheat malaria.

Definition:  attributed to water-damp collecting internally after exposure to rain or dew. Damp malaria is characterized by aversion to cold with unpronounced heat~effusion, generalized pain, heavy limbs, oppression in the stomach duct, nausea and retching, swollen face, scant urine, white slimy tongue fur, and soggy rapid pulse.

Medication:  Resolve the exterior and eliminate dampness. Use formulas such as Bupleurum Stomach-Calming Brew (chái píng jiän), Stomach-Calming Poria (Hoelen) Five Decoction (wèi líng täng), or Atractylodes White Tiger Decoction (cäng zhú bái hû täng) plus Amomi Tsao-Ko Fructus (câo guô).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on GV, PC, SI, SP, and ST. Select GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) , PC-5 (jiän shî, Intermediary Courier) , SI-3 (hòu xï, Back Ravine) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , and CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) . Needle with even supplementation and drainage and, if appropriate, moxa. See malaria for principles and methods of treatment.

shï

Definition: 

One of the six qi, i.e., dampness as an environmental phenomenon.

Definition:  One of the six excesses, i.e., the environmental qi as a cause of disease.

Definition:  Dampness as an evil in the body. Dampness in the body is qualitatively analogous and causally related to dampness in the natural environment. It is associated with damp weather or damp climates and with stagnant water in places where ground drainage is poor. To some extent, it is seasonal in nature, tending to occur when the weather is wet or damp. Sitting and lying in wet places, living in damp conditions, working in a damp or wet environment, or wearing sweat-soaked clothing can also cause dampness diseases. Thorough Knowledge of Medicine (yï guàn) states, ``There is dampness in heaven (i.e., in the atmosphere), which comes from rain, dew, and mist. Being in heaven, it gets its nature from qi, so it strikes construction and defense. There is dampness from earth, which comes from mud and water. Being in the earth, it nature comes from that which possesses form, hence it damages the flesh, the sinews, the bones, the blood, and vessels. There is the dampness of sweat, which comes from sweat-soaked clothing that is not immediately changed. There is dampness that forms in greater yin spleen-earth, which is not from outside the body. When yang is exuberant, fire is prevails, and transforms into damp-heat; when yin is exuberant, water prevails, and transforms into cold-damp. The signs are heat~effusion, aversion to cold, generalized heaviness, sweating, sinew and bone pain, rough urination, sloppy diarrhea, lumbar pain that prevents turning, swelling of instep with flesh that feels like mud, not springing back when pressed.'' Dampness has a number of characteristics: It is clammy, viscous, and lingering. Dampness diseases are persistent and difficult to cure. Dampness tends to stagnate. When dampness evil invades the exterior, the patient may complain of physical fatigue, heavy, cumbersome limbs, and heavy-headedness. If it invades the channels and the joints, the patient may complain of aching joints and inhibited bending and stretching. Dampness can also trap and dampen the effect of heat by causing an unsurfaced heat, one that can be felt only by prolonged palpation. The spleen is particularly vulnerable to dampness evil; signs of dampness encumbering the spleen include poor appetite, glomus and oppression in the chest and stomach duct, upflow nausea, abdominal distention, sloppy stool, short voidings of scant urine, thick and slimy tongue fur, and a soggy moderate pulse. The lack of desire for fluids---though especially in the case of damp-heat there may be thirst---is a sign of the ``clogging'' or ``encumbering'' effect of dampness. There may be generalized or local stagnation or accumulation of water-damp, such as water swelling, leg qi, vaginal discharge, or exudating sores such as eczema. Dampness in the body is often referred to as damp turbidity to highlight it as the antithesis of clear yang qi. Over time, dampness can gather to form phlegm. Damp may serve as an adjective as in ``damp phlegm'' or as a noun (equivalent to dampness), e.g., ``damp-heat.'' Damp is actually preferable to dampness since it denotes moisture in the air, on a surface, diffused through a solid, which over long period can cause mold and cause disease. Dampness, by contrast, strictly means the quality of being damp. However, in this text, the form dampness has been used in most cases to avoid the confusion that may arise in terms such as dampness-drying formula, which is not to be understood as a ``damp, drying formula.'' See dampness forming with heat and dampness forming with cold.

shäng shï yäo tòng

Synonym:  damp lumbar pain .

arising from living in a cold-damp place or from exposure to rain or dew. Dampness damage lumbar pain is characterized by cold painful, heavy lumbus that feels as though one were sitting in water. The pain is exacerbated by yin-type (dull wet) weather and by sitting for long periods. The pulse is moderate, and there may also be generalized swelling.

Medication:  Use Priceless Qi-Righting Powder (bù huàn jïn zhèng qì sân).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on BL, GV, SP, and ST. Select BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , BL-40 (wêi zhöng, Bend Center) , GV-3 (yäo yáng guän, Lumbar Yang Pass) , , BL-60 (kün lún, Kunlun Mountains) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , and SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) . Needle with drainage and large amounts of moxa. See lumbar pain.

shäng shï zì hàn attributed to obstruction by dampness evil.

This pattern is characterized by relatively small amount of sweat, aversion to wind, heavy turbid voice, fatigued heavy body, and joint pain that grows worse in yin-type (dull wet) weather.

Medication:  Fortify the spleen and boost qi so that the dampness naturally disappears. Formulas include Fangji and Astragalus Decoction (fáng jî huáng qí täng) or Notopterygium Dampness-Overcoming Decoction (qiäng huó shèng shï täng). See spontaneous sweating.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on SP, ST, and LI. Select ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , LR-13 (zhäng mén, Camphorwood Gate) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , KI-7 (fù lïu, Recover Flow) , and SI-3 (hòu xï, Back Ravine) ; needle with even supplementation and drainage and moxa, if appropriate.

shï kùn pí tû

dampness encumbering spleen yang.

shï kùn pí yáng

Synonym:  dampness encumbering spleen-

earth .

affecting the movement and transformation of spleen yang.

Medication:  Dry or disinhibit dampness.

Comparison:  dampness encumbering spleen yang is similar to spleen vacuity with damp encumbrance, which is essentially a vacuity pattern with water-damp as a result. Treatment of spleen vacuity focuses on fortifying the spleen assisted by drying dampness.

shï xié as a disease-

causing entity.

shï cóng hán huà

The development of cold-damp in patients suffering from impaired fluid transformation due to devitalized spleen yang, giving rise to abdominal fullness and diarrhea, and sometimes to phlegm-rheum and water swelling. This corresponds to the pathomechanism described in Elementary Questions (sù wèn) as ``All dampness with swelling and fullness is ascribed to the spleen.''

Medication:  Treat by warming and transforming with formulas such as Spleen-Firming Beverage (shí pí yîn). See dampness.

shï cóng rè huà

The development of damp-heat in patients suffering from intense stomach heat due to excessive consumption of sweet or fatty foods. External dampness or damp-heat may or may not be involved. See dampness.

shï zû zhöng jiäo

Dampness evil causing stagnation and obstruction in the spleen and stomach and impairing normal movement and transformation. Dampness obstructing the center burner is characterized by heavy-headedness, fatigue, oppression in the stomach duct, abdominal distention, torpid intake, sticky mouth, thirst with desire for warm drinks, short voidings of reddish urine, thick or slimy white tongue fur, and a moderate pulse.

Medication:  Use Stomach-Calming Powder (píng wèi sân) or Stomach-Calming Poria (Hoelen) Five Decoction (wèi líng täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on SP and ST. Select ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , LR-13 (zhäng mén, Camphorwood Gate) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , and CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) ; needle with even supplementation and drainage and moxa.

shï zû qì fèn

Synonym:  qi-

aspect damp obstruction .

Dampness invading the qi aspect, causing an unsurfaced heat (i.e., heat~effusion felt only after prolonged palpation), head heavy as if swathed (bag-over-the-head sensation), heavy aching body, vexing pain in the joints, oppression in the chest, torpid intake, painful glomus in the abdomen and stomach duct, vomiting and diarrhea, slimy glossy tongue fur, and soggy moderate pulse.

shï zhòng

See phlegm stroke.

shï è rè fú

Synonym:  depressed dampness and deep-

lying heat .

A condition in which the dampness prevents heat from effusing. Dampness trapping hidden heat is characterized by unsurfaced heat arising in the afternoon to bring about sweating that fails to abate heat~effusion. Other signs include lassitude of spirit, heavy-headedness, oppression in the chest and abdominal distention, aversion to food, yellow or reddish urine, white or yellow slimy tongue fur, and a rapid soggy pulse.

shï zû

Synonym:  center burner damp obstruction .

A frequently observed disease in which the spleen and stomach are obstructed by dampness evil. It mainly occurs in summer and is characterized by impaired spleen-stomach movement and transformation. Signs include oppression in the chest, no thought of food and drink, and a bland or sweet taste or slimy sensation in the mouth. The tongue fur is thick and slimy, and the pulse is soggy. Voidings are short with scant urine; the limbs are cumbersome and fatigued; sometimes a low heat~effusion is observed. Damp obstruction includes what in China is known as summer infixation (zhu4 xia4), which is the regular recurrence each summer of signs such as of loss of appetite, fatigue and weakness, and low fever, with gradual recovery in the autumn. The above signs together with sloppy stool or diarrhea are also signs of dampness encumbering the spleen and stomach. A higher body temperature with more pronounced heat signs indicates summerheat-damp, which is a form of damp-heat.

shï tán

A condition characterized by copious thin white (or yellow) phlegm that is easily expectorated and often associated with other signs of dampness such as heavy body, cumbersome limbs, fatigue, tendency to lie down, abdominal distention sometimes with pain, diarrhea, and slippery moderate pulse. Damp phlegm is attributed to splenic transformation failure, causing dampness that gathers to form phlegm. Distinction is made between spleen vacuity and spleen repletion by the prevalence of vacuity or dampness signs.

Western Medical Concept:  bronchitis*!chronic chronic bronchitis* chronic inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract such as chronic bronchitis.

Medication:  Treat vacuity patterns with Six Gentlemen Decoction (lìu jün zî täng) varied according to pattern, and repletion patterns with Two Matured Ingredients Decoction (èr chén täng) or Phlegm-Rolling Pill (gûn tán wán).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on SP, ST, and LI. Main points: CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , and ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) . For vacuity patterns, add SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , and BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) ; needle with even supplementation and drainage and moxa. For repletion patterns, add LU-5 (chî zé, Cubit Marsh) , CV-17 (shän zhöng, Chest Center) , and CV-22 (tiän tú, Celestial Chimney) ; needle with drainage. Damp phlegm may manifest in parts of the body other than the chest. See next entries. Compare phlegm-damp.

shï tán xuàn yün due to

damp phlegm congestion. Damp phlegm dizziness is characterized by heavy head and clouded vision, oppression in the chest, nausea, vomiting and retching, slimy white tongue fur, and a soggy pulse. It usually occurs in people who are overweight.

Medication:  Dry dampness and transform phlegm. Use Pinellia, Ovate Atractylodes, and Gastrodia Decoction (bàn xià bái zhú tiän má täng) combined with Two Matured Ingredients Decoction (èr chén täng). If there are qi vacuity signs, Six Gentlemen Decoction (lìu jün zî täng) may also be given.

Acupuncture:  See phlegm-rheum dizziness.

(

beriberi) attributed to exuberant dampness pouring downward and engendering phlegm. In addition to the principal signs of leg qi (e.g., lack of strength in the legs), damp phlegm leg qi is characterized by efflux diarrhea.

Medication:  Treat with medicinals such as Atractylodis Rhizoma (cäng zhú), Ledebouriellae Radix (fáng fëng), Arecae Semen (bïng láng), Cyperi Rhizoma (xiäng fù zî), Ligustici Rhizoma (chuän xiöng), Scutellariae Radix (huáng qín), Talcum (huá shí), and Glycyrrhizae Radix (gän câo).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on SP, ST, and GB. Select ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , SP-5 (shäng qïu, Shang Hill) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , GB-34 (yáng líng quán, Yang Mound Spring) , GB-39 (xuán zhöng, Suspended Bell) , ST-41 (jiê xï, Ravine Divide) , and . Needle with drainage. See leg qi.

shï tán yäo tòng

Lumbar pain attributable to damp phlegm pouring into the kidney channel, and characterized by cold heavy painful lumbus stretching into the back and rib-side and exacerbated by yin-type (dull wet) weather, and associated with diarrhea and a slippery pulse.

Medication:  Use Tortoise Plastron and Ailanthus Bark Pill (guï shü wán) or Two Matured Ingredients Decoction (èr chén täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on BL, CV, and ST. Select BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , BL-40 (wêi zhöng, Bend Center) , GV-3 (yäo yáng guän, Lumbar Yang Pass) , , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , and ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) . Needle with drainage and add moxa.

shï tán líu zhù

A deep-seated sore arising in patients suffering from spleen qi vacuity when damp phlegm causing internal obstruction combines with additionally contracted evil toxins to seep into construction and defense. It begins with pain in the flesh, diffuse swelling without a head and without any change in skin color, and attended by cold and heat and generalized joint pain. When pus forms, pain and swelling become more acute, and there is vigorous heat~effusion with sweating. The sore bursts to exude thin white pus, and heals once the discharge ceases.

Medication:  In the initial stage, Saussurea Qi Flow Beverage (mù xiäng líu qì yîn) complemented with spleen-fortifying phlegm-transforming formulas can be used as oral medication, whereas Harmonious Flow Paste (chöng hé gäo) can be applied topically. After the sore has burst, use Internal Expression Pus-Expelling Decoction (tuö lî tòu nóng täng). If the sore does not close and continues to exude thin pus, formulas like Ginseng Construction-Nourishing Decoction (rén shën yâng róng täng) may be given to supplement qi and blood.

Acupuncture:  Moxibustion may be used to help disperse the sore in the initial phase. See streaming sore.

shï tán wêi

A wilting pattern usually affecting overweight people, attributed to damp phlegm lodged in the channel, and characterized by wilting and weakness of the limbs, numbness of the lumbus and knee, and pulse that is sunken and slippery.

Medication:  Use Two Matured Ingredients Decoction (èr chén täng) with judicious addition of Atractylodis Rhizoma (cäng zhú), Atractylodis Ovatae Rhizoma (bái zhú), Scutellariae Radix (huáng qín), Phellodendri Cortex (huáng bâi), Bambusae Succus Exsiccatus (zhú lì), and Zingiberis Rhizomatis Succus (jiäng zhï).

Acupuncture:  Use the general points given under wilting, and add ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , and ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , needling with drainage.

shï jiè

See scab .

shï chuäng

Any of a variety of skin diseases characterized by itching, ulceration, exudation, crusting, and recurrence. It specifically includes: scrotal wind; four bends wind; umbilical damp; nipple wind; invisible worm sore of the nose. Acute forms are ascribed mainly to damp-heat, very often with external wind. Wind is a yang evil, light and buoyant; it easily invades the interstices of the head, face, and upper body. It is swift and changeable; it often changes location and spreads quickly. Dampness is a yin evil, it is sticky and stagnating, and is spreading and pervasive. It is heavy and turbid, and tends to be found in low places. When it invades the body, it can cause water vesicles, ulceration, and exudation. Wind and dampness easily harbor brewing heat, and the three evils together cause dampness, scorching heat, itching and soreness of the skin. Chronic damp sores tend to be caused by blood vacuity and wind dryness with damp-heat brewing and accumulating. They are recurrent and persistent, associated with severe itching that prevents the patient from sleeping, and poor stomach intake. Yin blood depletion engenders wind and dryness, depriving the skin of nourishment, and causing dryness, thickening of the skin, and scaling. Persistent damp sores affecting the chest, abdomen, or genitals are associated with liver channel damp-heat. Damp sores affecting the lower body with prominent green-blue veins (varicose veins) are associated with liquor heat brewing internally. Damp sores with nutritional disturbance are ascribed to spleen vacuity with brewing damp-heat.

Medication:  For damp-heat, clear heat and disinhibit dampness. Use formulas such as variations of Fish Poison Yam Dampness-Percolating Decoction (bì xiè shèn shï täng) combined with Mysterious Two Pill (èr miào wán). For blood heat, cool the blood, clear heat, and disinhibit dampness with medicinals such as Rehmanniae Radix Recens (xiän dì huáng), Paeoniae Radix Rubra (chì sháo yào), Moutan Radicis Cortex (mû dän pí), Coptidis Rhizoma (huáng lián), Gardeniae Fructus Recens (shëng shän zhï), Gardeniae Fructus (shän zhï zî), Dictamni Radicis Cortex (bái xiän pí), Kochiae Fructus (dì fü zî), Siegesbeckiae Herba (xï xiän), Sophorae Flavescentis Radix (kû shën), Erythrinae Cortex (hâi tóng pí), and Glycyrrhizae Radix Cruda (shëng gän câo). For damp obstruction, fortify the stomach and eliminate dampness with formulas such as variations of Dampness-Eliminating Stomach-Calming Poria (Hoelen) Five Decoction (chú shï wèi líng täng). For blood dryness, nourish the blood and dispel wind, and clear heat and transform dampness. Use Rehmanniae Radix Exsiccata seu Recens (shëng dì huáng), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (däng guï), Paeoniae Radix Alba (bái sháo yào), Dictamni Radicis Cortex (bái xiän pí), Kochiae Fructus (dì fü zî), Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Rhizoma (bì xiè), Poriae Cortex (fú líng pí), Cnidii Monnieri Fructus (shé chuáng zî), and Glycyrrhizae Radix Cruda (shëng gän câo). Selection of medicinals according to location: For the head and face, add Ligustici Rhizoma (chuän xiöng), Notopterygii Rhizoma (qiäng huó), and Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (bái zhî). For the breasts and umbilicus, add Artemisiae Capillaris Herba (yïn chén häo), Rumicis Madaio Radix (tû dà huáng), and Plantaginis Semen (chë qián zî). For the limbs, add Mori Ramulus (säng zhï), Cyathulae Radix (chuän níu xï), and Lonicerae Caulis et Folium (rên döng téng). For damp sores on the lower leg with prominent green-blue veins and dark-colored skin, quicken the blood and dispel stasis by adding Lycopi Herba (zé lán), Zedoariae Rhizoma (é zhú), and Cyathulae Radix (chuän níu xï).

shï zhông due to dampness.

Damp swelling may arise from sitting for a long time on damp ground, or from being soaked in water. Damp swelling is characterized by swelling of the limbs that engulfs the fingers when pressure is applied, associated with heaviness from the lumbus downward and with distended legs, and is attended by short scant voidings of urine and in some cases by rapid breathing and sloppy stool.

Medication:  Fortify the spleen, warm yang, and disinhibit water. Use formulas such as Poria (Hoelen) Five Powder (wû líng sân) or Golden Coffer Kidney Qi Pill (jïn guì shèn qì wán).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, back transport points, SP, and ST. Select CV-9 (shuî fën, Water Divide) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , BL-22 (sän jiäo shü, Triple Burner Transport) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , KI-3 (tài xï, Great Ravine) , BL-39 (wêi yáng, Bend Yang) , and SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) ; needle with supplementation and add moxa. See yin water; water swelling.

shï jìng

A disease commonly affecting children, that is characterized by clouded spirit, tetanic reversal, unsurfaced heat, oppression in the chest, and a thick white tongue fur, and that is attributed to dampness evil spreading through the triple burner and clouding the clear orifices.

Medication:  Use Sweet Dew Toxin-Dispersing Elixir (gän lù xiäo dú dän).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on ST, SP, GV, PC, TB, and LI. Select ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , GV-26 (shuî göu, Water Trough) , GV-8 (jïn suö, Sinew Contraction) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , TB-5 (wài guän, Outer Pass) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , and LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) . Needle with drainage.

shï dú

Toxin arising when damp qi accumulates. Damp toxin accumulating in the intestines causes damp toxin bloody stool. Damp toxin in the skin can cause a damp-heat streaming sore, a pattern of ulceration of the lower leg. Damp toxin patterns are characterized by copious discharge from the focus of the disease, are chronic in nature, and difficult to cure.

shï dú xià xuè

Bloody stool due to damp toxin brewing in the large intestine. The signs are dull purple or blackish bloody stool, absence of abdominal pain, distention and oppression in the chest and diaphragm, reduced food intake, yellow facial complexion, and inhibited urination.

Medication:  Use formulas such as Sophora Flower Powder (huái huä sân).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on ST and SP. Select ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , BL-25 (dà cháng shü, Large Intestine Transport) , ST-37 (shàng jù xü, Upper Great Hollow) , BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , SP-10 (xuè hâi, Sea of Blood) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , and LR-2 (xíng jiän, Moving Between) ; needle with drainage and add moxa.

shï dú chuäng

Synonym:  downpour sore .

A sore on the lower leg or ankle attributed to wind, dampness, and heat lodged in the skin. Acute forms, attributed to prevalence of damp-heat, begin with flushing of the skin and papules, and with vesicles that itch to exude a yellow discharge. Chronic forms, which are complicated by blood vacuity, are characterized by drying, thickening, and scaling of the skin.

Western Medical Concept:  eczema* eczema.

Medication:  Treat the acute form by clearing heat and disinhibiting dampness. For oral medication use Fish Poison Yam Dampness-Percolating Decoction (bì xiè shèn shï täng) combined with Mysterious Two Pill (èr miào wán). For topical treatment, apply a decoction of phellodendron cold; when the skin has absorbed as much as it can, apply Indigo Powder (qïng dài sân). Treat the chronic form by nourishing the blood and eliminating wind, using Tangkuei Drink (däng guï yîn zi) combined with Mysterious Three Powder (sän miào sân) and applying Indigo Powder (qïng dài sân) mixed as a paste.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on GV, LI, ST, and SP. Main points: GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) , LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) . For acute cases, needle with drainage to clear heat and disinhibit dampness. For chronic cases, add SP-10 (xuè hâi, Sea of Blood) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , and HT-7 (shén mén, Spirit Gate) , and needle with supplementation to nourish the blood and dispel wind; also apply the pricking and cupping method. Selection of points according to signs: For pronounced itching, add HT-8 (shào fû, Lesser Mansion) and . For pronounced dampness, add LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) and moxa.

shï dú líu zhù

A sore of the lower leg taking the form of a flat unelevated ulceration, with diffuse purple or blackish swelling that stretches to the heal. The sore exudes pus, which encourages its spread. It takes a long time to heal and is resistant to treatment.

shï dú dài xià

Malodorous vaginal discharge like rice water (water in which rice has been washed), yellow-green like pus, or multicolored, and attended by pudendal itch and soreness. It occurs during menstrual periods or after childbirth, and is attributed to exploiting vacuity of the uterine vessels and damaging the uterine vessels and the qi and blood of the thoroughfare and controlling vessels.

Medication:  Use Discharge-Checking Formula (zhî dài fäng), to which Lonicerae Flos (jïn yín huä), Forsythiae Fructus (lián qiào), and Houttuyniae Herba cum Radice (yú xïng câo) may also be added. In modern clinical practice, this kind of vaginal discharge is sometimes associated with cancer.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, GIV, and SP. Select GB-26 (dài mài, Girdling Vessel) , BL-30 (bái huán shü, White Ring Transport) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , CV-3 (zhöng jí, Central Pole) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , and BL-34 (xià liáo, Lower Bone-Hole) . Needle with drainage.

shï zhuó

Dampness, especially where it is heavy or viscid in nature and obstructs clear light yang qi. See dampness.

shï làn

An ulceration that exudes fluid and is attributable to dampness.

shï wën

A febrile disease occurring in the summer or autumn that is attributed to damp-heat and characterized by persistent heat~effusion, heavy-headedness, generalized pain, glomus and oppression in the chest and stomach duct, white or yellow slimy tongue fur, and a soggy pulse.

Medication:  If dampness is prevalent, focus treatment on transforming dampness with formulas like Agastache/Patchouli, Magnolia Bark, Pinellia, and Poria (Hoelen) Decoction (huò pò xià líng täng) or Three Kernels Decoction (sän rén täng). If heat is prevalent, focus on clearing heat with formulas such as Coptis and Magnolia Bark Beverage (lián pò yîn) or Sweet Dew Toxin-Dispersing Elixir (gän lù xiäo dú dän). If the condition advances, the evil can enter construction and the blood, causing tetanic reversal or bloody stool.

Western Medical Concept:  typhoid fever* ileotyphus* paratyphoid* leptospirosis* typhoid fever (ileotyphus), paratyphoid, leptospirosis.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LI, ST, SP, and CV. Select LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , CV-17 (shän zhöng, Chest Center) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , and CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) . For predominance of heat, add GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) . For heat entering the construction-blood, add GV-26 (shuî göu, Water Trough) and PC-8 (láo göng, Palace of Toil) and prick to bleed. See warm disease.

niào chì

reddish urine.

yöu mén

One of the seven gates. The lower mouth of the stomach.

Western Medical Concept:  pylorus* pylorus.

hëi jïng

The anterior central part of the eye that is colorless and transparent. The dark of the eye is so called because the dark-colored iris and pupil can be seen through it. The dark of the eye corresponds to the liver; it is equivalent to the wind wheel among the five wheels. If the dark of the eye looses its transparency, vision can be affected.

Western Medical Concept:  cornea* cornea.

xiä yóu mài

See seven strange pulses.

sî xuè xié tòng

Rib-side pain caused by locally lodged static blood. Dead blood rib-side pain is usually attributable to liver-spleen qi stagnation or enduring illness entering the network vessels causing stasis obstruction. Sometimes it is attributed to blood stasis due to knocks or falls. Dead blood rib-side pain is characterized by stabbing pain of fixed location in the ribs that refuses pressure and that gets worse at night. There may also be a glomus lump, constipation and hard black stool. The pulse is usually sunken and rough.

Medication:  Dispel stasis and free the network vessels. Use Origin-Restorative Blood-Quickening Decoction (fù yuán huó xuè täng) or Stasis-Precipitating Decoction (xià yü xuè täng). For evil repletion and right vacuity, add blood-supplementing or qi-boosting medicinals.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LR, TB, and SP. Select SP-21 (dà bäo, Great Embracement) , TB-6 (zhï göu, Branch Ditch) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , GB-40 (qïu xü, Hill Ruins) , BL-17 (gé shü, Diaphragm Transport) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , and GB-34 (yáng líng quán, Yang Mound Spring) . Needle with drainage or bleed with a three-edged needle. For pronounced pain, add . For repletion of evil and vacuity of right, add BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , CV-17 (shän zhöng, Chest Center) , and ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) .

êr lóng

Loss of hearing. Deafness can be congenital; otherwise it is the result of external contractions or internal damage. Sudden deafness usually forms a repletion pattern, whereas deafness of gradual onset is usually due to vacuity.

Repletion  (shí) patterns are attributable to wind-heat, wind-cold, or liver fire, and attended by headache, nasal congestion, bitter taste in the mouth, a feeling that the ears are stuffed with cotton, and tinnitus.

Medication:  Wind-heat is treated by by coursing wind and clearing heat, using Lonicera and Forsythia Powder (yín qiào sân); wind-cold is treated by coursing wind and dissipating cold, using formulas such as Nine-Ingredient Notopterygium Decoction (jîu wèi qiäng huó täng); and liver is treated by clearing the liver and draining fire, using formulas such as Gentian Liver-Draining Decoction (lóng dân xiè gän täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on TB, GB, and ST. Main points: TB-17 (yì fëng, Wind Screen) , TB-3 (zhöng zhû, Central Islet) , GB-2 (tïng huì, Auditory Convergence) , GB-43 (xiá xï, Pinched Ravine) , and ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) . Selection of points according to pattern: For wind-heat, add GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) , TB-5 (wài guän, Outer Pass) , SI-19 (tïng göng, Auditory Palace) , GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) , LU-5 (chî zé, Cubit Marsh) , and LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) . For wind-cold, add GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) , BL-12 (fëng mén, Wind Gate) , SI-19 (tïng göng, Auditory Palace) , LU-7 (liè quë, Broken Sequence) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , and apply moxa. For liver-fire, add LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , LR-2 (xíng jiän, Moving Between) , and KI-6 (zhào hâi, Shining Sea) . Needle with drainage.

Vacuity  (xü) patterns include qi vacuity and blood vacuity patterns, and are characterized by dizziness, limp aching lumbus and knees, lack of strength, and tinnitus.

Medication:  Treat by supplementing the center and boosting qi or by enriching the kidney and nourishing the blood. Use formulas such as Center-Supplementing Qi-Boosting Decoction (bû zhöng yì qì täng), Deafness Left-Benefiting Loadstone Pill (êr lóng zuô cí wán), and Lycium Berry, Chrysanthemum, and Rehmannia Pill (qî jú dì huáng wán).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on KI, TB, GB, CV, and back transport points. Main points: BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , KI-3 (tài xï, Great Ravine) , TB-17 (yì fëng, Wind Screen) , GB-2 (tïng huì, Auditory Convergence) , TB-3 (zhöng zhû, Central Islet) , and TB-21 (êr mén, Ear Gate) . For blood vacuity, add BL-18 (gä