Section C

C

shï chòu

From On Warm Epidemics Expanded (guâng wën yì lùn) An odor attributed to exuberant toxic heat in the inner body.

Western Medical Concept:  hepatic odor odor*!hepatic Possibly equivalent to hepatic odor.

A medicinal processing method whereby medicinal materials are heated until red hot by charcoal, coal, or the like, in order to make them crisp, soft, and easily crushed, and to facilitate the extraction of their active constituents in decoction. Materials such as Mastodi Ossis Fossilia (lóng gû), Ostreae Concha (mû lì), Gypsum (shí gäo), and Chloriti seu Micae Lapis (méng shí) that come in large lumps that do not crumble under heat are calcined by being placed directly in the fire. Materials such as Haematitum (dài zhê shí), and Pyritum (zì rán tóng) that easily crumble are calcined in crucibles called dulu. Some materials such as Borax (péng shä), Smithsonitum (lú gän shí), and Alumen (bái fán) may be simply heated in a wok. Soft materials such as Junci Medulla (dëng xïn câo) and Trachycarpi Stipulae Fibra Veta (chén zöng pí) are calcined in a mud-sealed wok to char. Especially hard materials such as Haematitum (dài zhê shí), Quartz Album (bái shí yïng), Pyritum (zì rán tóng), Testudinis Plastrum (guï bân), and Magnetitum (cí shí) are dipped in vinegar after heating to make them softer; Actinolitum (yáng qî shí) can be dipped in wine. See calcining and quenching.

cuì

To heat (medicinal materials) to a high temperature and then dip them in water or vinegar. See calcination.

féi cháng }

} The fleshy rear part of the lower leg.

pián zhï

A thickening and hardening of the skin on protuberant parts of the feet that arises when long-term pressure and friction from footwear causes local blockage of qi and blood depriving the skin of nourishment. It is unclearly circumscribed and may range in color from white or yellow to brown.

Medication:  Treat by pairing away dead skin with a knife and applying Water Crystal Paste (shuî jïng gäo).

Acupuncture:  Treatment is based on . Compare corn.

píng

To reduce certain disturbances (ascendant hyperactivity of liver yang, panting).

píng xï

Regular breathing at normal speed. To ensure maximum accuracy when taking a patient's pulse, practitioners should make sure that their own respiration is natural and even. This ensures accurate timing of the pace of the pulse, and facilitates the mental composure required to detect even the slightest changes.

píng dàn

The third of the twelve watches (two hour periods); B3 watch; 3--5 a.m. According to Elementary Questions (sù wèn) calm dawn is the best time to take the pulse.

píng xï nèi fëng

extinguishing wind.

píng chuân

Synonym:  stabilizing panting .

Elimination or reduction of panting. See dispersing phlegm and calming panting; diffusing the lung and transforming phlegm.

píng gän xï fëng

Synonym:  settling the liver and extinguishing wind ;

Synonym:  subduing yang and extinguishing wind .

A method of treatment used to address ascendant liver yang stirring internal wind with pulling pain in the head, dizziness, deviated eyes and mouth, numbness or tremor of the limbs, stiffening of the tongue, deviated trembling tongue, unclear speech, red tongue with thin fur, a stringlike pulse, and, in severe cases, clouding collapse, hypertonicity or convulsions of the limbs.

Medication:  Medicinals used include Uncariae Ramulus cum Unco (göu téng), Gastrodiae Rhizoma (tiän má), Tribuli Fructus (cì jí lí), Chrysanthemi Flos (jú huä), Lumbricus (dì lóng), Concha Margaritifera (zhën zhü mû), Ostreae Concha (mû lì), and Haliotidis Concha (shí jué míng). Formulas include Liver-Settling Wind-Extinguishing Decoction (zhèn gän xï fëng täng), Antelope Horn and Uncaria Decoction (líng jiâo göu téng täng), and Sweeping Down Decoction (jiàn líng täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on GV, GB, and LR. Needle with drainage at GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , and LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , and with supplementation at BL-18 (gän shü, Liver Transport) , BL-17 (gé shü, Diaphragm Transport) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , and KI-1 (yông quán, Gushing Spring) . See also extinguishing wind.

píng gän zhî tòng

A method of treatment used to address headache due to ascendant liver yang.

píng gän qián yáng

subduing yang.

fën

fen.

zì canthi.

The point at which the upper and lower lids meet at either extremity of the eye; the corner or angle of the eye. The inner canthus is the point where the lids meet beside the nose; the outer canthus is the point where they meet on the lateral aspect of the face. The canthi are also known as the blood wheel. Diseases affecting the canthi include excrescence creeping over the eye and weeping canthus.

xún yï mö chuáng

picking at bedclothes.

mái xiàn liáo fâ

A method of treatment whereby acupuncture points are stimulated by catgut embedded in the skin. It is used in modern clinical practice to treat wheezing and panting, stomach pain, diarrhea, enuresis, deviated eyes and mouth, epilepsy, and wilting .

jïn

jin.

tiän tíng

Center of the forehead.

zhöng

The spleen and stomach; the center burner.

zhöng jiäo

Synonym:  middle burner .

The middle section of the triple burner, comprising the spleen and stomach. See triple burner.

zhöng jiäo shï rè

spleen-stomach damp-heat.

shï zû zhöng jiäo

damp obstruction.

zhöng jiäo zhû huà

The center burner comprises the stomach and spleen, which move and transform the essence of grain and water. More at spleen governs movement and transformation and triple burner.

zhöng jiäo rú öu

The center burner is like a fermentation turning the ingested foods into a form from which their essence can be extracted. More at triple burner.

zhöng hán

Center burner vacuity cold arising from insufficiency of yang qi and impaired splenic movement and transformation, and marked by abdominal pain that likes pressure, cold limbs and fear of cold, bland taste in the mouth, upflow nausea, reduced eating, and sloppy stool.

zhöng xiäo

Synonym:  spleen dispersion ;

Synonym:  stomach dispersion ;

Synonym:  heart dispersion .

A dispersion-thirst pattern characterized by thirst, increased eating and rapid hungering, emaciation, frequent urination, and hard stool, and attributed to spleen-stomach dryness-heat.

Medication:  Treat by clearing heat and draining fire complemented by enriching yin and moistening dryness. Use White Tiger Decoction (bái hû täng), Firewood-Raking Beverage (chöu xïn yîn), or Stomach-Regulating Qi-Coordinating Decoction (tiáo wèi chéng qì täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, ST, and SP. Select CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , SP-2 (dà dü, Great Metropolis) , ST-43 (xiàn gû, Sunken Valley) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , and KI-3 (tài xï, Great Ravine) ; needle with drainage. See dispersion-thirst.

zhöng mân zhê xiè zhï yú nèi <

center fullness is treated by draining> From Elementary Questions (sù wèn) To disinhibit qi dynamic to relieve distention and fullness caused by internal stagnation of qi. For distention and fullness in the chest and abdomen due to stagnation of qi and phlegm-damp in the middle stomach duct, for example, the method of harmonizing the stomach and rectifying qi can be used. For distention and pain in the stomach duct and abdomen, abductive dispersion can be used.

zhöng qì

Definition: 

The qi of the spleen and stomach (center burner) and other bowels and viscera insofar as they are involved in the digestion and the upbearing of the clear and downbearing of the turbid.

Definition:  Spleen qi. Spleen qi governs upbearing, and impairment of the function can take the form of spleen vacuity fall manifesting as prolapse of the anus or uterus. See center qi fall.

zhöng qì xià xiàn

Synonym:  qi vacuity fall ;

Synonym:  spleen qi fall ;

Synonym:  qi fall .

Insufficiency of spleen yang qi in which its uplift is diminished and that manifests in sinking effects such as prolapse of the anus, enduring diarrhea, prolapse of the uterus, or, in infants, depressed fontanel. The spleen occupies the center, its qi governs upbearing; damage to the spleen by diet or taxation fatigue or enduring illness can cause spleen qi to fall.

Medication:  Supplement the center and boost qi; upbear yang and raise the fall. Use formulas such as Center-Supplementing Qi-Boosting Decoction (bû zhöng yì qì täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, GV, back transport points and ST, selecting GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , and BL-21 (wèi shü, Stomach Transport) . Needle with supplementation and add moxa.

dïng êr

Accumulation of earwax in the ear.

chî gëng

The replacement of the milk teeth (deciduous) teeth by the permanent teeth at the age of six to seven. Change of teeth is considered a manifestation of kidney qi. Elementary Questions (sù wèn) states, ``When a male is eight years old and his kidney qi is replete, the hair grows and the teeth change.''

jïng

Any of the main pathways of qi and blood. Distinction is made between regular channels, usually referred to as the twelve channels, and extraordinary vessels. See twelve channels; extraordinary vessels; channels and network vessels.

jïng luò zhï qì

Qi that flows through the channels and network vessels. Its movement is seen in the channels' function of transmission and conveyance. The sensation produced by needling an acupuncture point, known as ``obtaining qi,'' demonstrates the presence of channel qi.

zhòng jïng luò taking the form of a

channel stroke or network stroke, and marked by signs such as deviated eyes and mouth, numbness of the skin, hemiplegia, and impeded speech, but not by spirit-mind changes that characterize bowel and visceral stroke.

yîn jïng yào

A medicinal that conducts the action of other medicinals to specific channels of the body. Channel conduction is one aspect of the actions of conductors. The main conductors for each of the channels are presented below. See sovereign, minister, assistant, and courier.

jïng bié

Any of the twelve channel divergences.

guï jïng

Action (of a medicinal) on a particular channel and the organ to which the channel homes. For example, Platycodonis Radix (jié gêng) and Tussilaginis Flos (kuân döng huä), treat cough and panting and are said to enter the lung channel; Gastrodiae Rhizoma (tiän má), Buthus (quán xië), and Antelopis Cornu (líng yáng jiâo) treat convulsions and are said to enter the liver channel. Some medicinals enter two channels or more, indicating that they have a broad scope of action. For example, Armeniacae Semen (xìng rén) enters the lung and the large intestine, and treats both cough and constipation. Alismatis Rhizoma (zé xiè) enters the kidney, bladder, and triple burner channels, and treats water-damp problems.

xún shè fâ

A technique used acupuncture to help obtain qi, involving the application of light pressure along the course of the channel above and below the point being needled; this hastens the movement of qi and blood in the channel.

jïng cì

From The Magic Pivot (líng shü)

Definition:  The needling of a channel affected by disease.

Definition:  One of the nine needling methods. To needle a blocked area on a channel that passes through the affected area.

chuán jïng

The movement of evils from one channel to another in doctrine of cold damage.

jïng xué

Definition: 

fourteen-channel point. Any point on the fourteen channels.

Definition: 

Synonym:  river point .

See transport points.

jïng qì

Synonym:  vessel qi .

The qi that flows through the channels. Channel qi is composed of earlier and later heaven essential qi (congenital and acquired elements) and moves through the entire body. Channel qi has both activating and nourishing functions, and reflects the functions of the whole body. Elementary Questions (sù wèn) states, ``True qi is channel qi.''

xún

A technique by which the acupuncturist rubs the course of a channel at an acupuncture point prior to needle insertion in order to diffuse qi and blood in the area.

jïng luò

The pathways of blood and qi pervading the whole the body, connecting the bowels and viscera, the limbs and joints. The channels are the main pathways of qi and blood, whereas the network vessels are smaller branches ensuring supply of qi and blood to all localities. Disturbances in the channels are reflected in abnormalities along their course. Acupuncture, acupressure, and cupping are largely based on the theory of the channels and network vessels. See twelve channels; fourteen channels.

jïng jïn

Any of the twelve channel sinews.

zhòng jïng in which evil is in the channels;

characterized by hemiplegia, deviated eyes and mouth, and difficult speech. It is distinguished from organ stroke by the absence of spirit-mind signs like clouding collapse, and differs from network stroke by including hemiplegia and difficult speech.

jïng luò xué shuö

All theories concerning the channels, their pathways, functions, and diseases.

jïng luàn

menstruation at irregular intervals.

chì sï luàn mài

tangled red-thread vessels.

bái jïng luàn mài

tangled red-thread vessels.

xìng néng

The qi, flavor, and bearing of a medicinal. See four qi; five flavors; bearing.

châo tàn

A medicinal processing method similar to scorch-frying, but using an even higher flame. The aim of char-frying is to make the materials charred and black on the outside, brown on the inside, and brittle. Although a large proportion of the material is charred, the original properties are still present. This is what is known as ``nature-preservative burning.'' To ensure that the nature is partially preserved in this way, it is important that the material should not be completely carbonized. Because of the high temperature used in char-frying, materials easily catch fire. In this event, water should be sprinkled over the material until no sparks are seen. Some materials, such as Typhae Pollen (pú huáng) require particularly vigorous stirring to clear the smoke they produce. Char-frying moderates the properties of a medicinal, and increases its ability to promote contraction and check bleeding. Some modern experiments show that blood-stanching properties may in some cases be destroyed through the process.

zhî xiè

A method of treatment used to address diarrhea. Checking diarrhea takes a variety of forms depending on the pattern in which it occurs. Specific methods include: clearing heat and disinhibiting dampness; dispersing food and abducting stagnation; warming the stomach and fortifying the center; warming and supplementing the life gate; fortifying the spleen and harmonizing the stomach. See also diarrhea.

zhî jìng

resolving tetany.

zhî dài

A method of treatment used to address vaginal discharge. Checking vaginal discharge usually denotes securing and astringing to treat vaginal discharge due to vacuity and characterized by persistent clear thin white vaginal discharge without foul smell, often accompanied by gradually developing physical weakness. It involves the use of qi-supplementing and kidney-supplementing medicinals combined with securing astringents such as Sepiae seu Sepiellae Os Calcinatum (duàn wü zéi gû), Ostreae Concha Calcinata (duàn mû lì), Euryales Semen (qiàn shí), Ginkgo Semen (bái guô), and Cera Aurea (huáng là). A representative vaginal-discharge--checking formula is Discharge-Checking Tablet (zhî dài piàn).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, SP, GIV, and KI. Main points: GB-26 (dài mài, Girdling Vessel) , BL-30 (bái huán shü, White Ring Transport) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) ; needle with supplementation and add moxa. For continuous vaginal discharge, add SP-12 (chöng mén, Surging Gate) and ST-30 (qì chöng, Qi Thoroughfare) . For copious discharge, add KI-12 (dà hè, Great Manifestation) and KI-13 (qì xué, Qi Point) . See vaginal discharge.

zhî ôu

Suppression of vomiting. Vomiting occurs in a wide variety of stomach diseases and is treated in different ways accordingly. See vomiting and retching.

quán gû

The prominent bone beneath the eye.

Western Medical Concept:  zygomatic bone* zygomatic bone.

jiá chë

Definition: 

The joint of the lower jaw.

Definition:  A point name, ST-6.

jiá chë gû

Synonym:  tooth carriage ;

Synonym:  tooth bed .

The lower jaw.

Western Medical Concept:  mandible* The mandible.

chén

Name of a dynasty ( 557--589).

xiöng

The upper part of the trunk, enclosed by the ribs and breastbone. thoracic. See chest and rib-side.

xiöng xié

The anterior chest and the sides of the body from the armpit to the lowest rib. Signs associated with this part of the body are chest pain, glomus in the chest, [suffering of] chest and rib-side fullness, chest and rib-side fullness(, propping fullness in the chest and rib-side), fullness in the chest, and oppression in the chest.

xiöng xié kû mân

Synonym:  suffering of chest and rib-

side suffering fullness .

From On Cold Damage (shäng hán lùn) Fullness and oppression in the chest and rib-side associated with disturbance of qi dynamic in the foot lesser yang gallbladder channel and with gallbladder fire.

Medication:  Use Minor Bupleurum Decoction (xiâo chái hú täng) or Bupleurum Liver-Coursing Powder (chái hú shü gän sân).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on GB and PC. Select PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , LR-14 (qï mén, Cycle Gate) , GB-34 (yáng líng quán, Yang Mound Spring) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) ; needle with drainage.

xiöng xié tòng

See chest pain; rib-side pain.

xiöng xié kû mân

chest and rib-side fullness.

jié xiöng

A pattern arising when evil qi binds in the chest, causing pain below the heart with hard fullness that can be felt under pressure. It occurs when offensive precipitation is administered too early in greater yang disease and causes exterior heat to fall into the inner body to bind with water-rheum. It may also occur (without inappropriate precipitation) when greater yang disease passes to yang brightness and yang brightness repletion heat combines with preexisting water-rheum. See entries listed below.

Chest Bind major chest binddà jié xiöng minor chest bindxiâo jié xiöng cold repletion chest bindhán jié xiöng water chest bindshuî jié xiöng blood chest bindxuè jié xiöng

xiöng gû

The breast bone and ribs.

shän zhöng

Definition: 

The center of the chest between the nipples. The Magic Pivot (líng shü) states, ``The chest center is the sea of qi.''

Definition:  The pericardium. Elementary Questions (sù wèn) states, ``The chest center holds the office of minister and courier; from it joy and pleasure emanate.''

xiöng bì

Synonym:  thoracic impediment .

From The Magic Pivot (líng shü)

Definition:  In Emergency Standby Remedies (zhôu hòu bèi jí fäng) and Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Coffer (jïn guì yào lüè) chest impediment is described as a disease pattern characterized by fullness and oppression in the anterior chest, in severe cases with pain stretching to the back, and panting that prevents the patient from lying down. It is caused by yin evils like phlegm turbidity and static blood that congeal and bind, preventing diffusion of chest yang. Depending on severity, chest impediment may take the form of fullness in the chest or chest pain.

Western Medical Concept:  pleurisy* emphysema Observed in what Western medicine classes as heart disease, pulmonary emphysema, and pleurisy.

Medication:  Warm yang and boost qi; course qi and sweep phlegm. In enduring cases, blockage of the network vessels by static blood can be addressed by freeing the network vessels. Formulas such as Trichosanthes, Chinese Chive, and White Liquor Decoction (guä lóu xiè bái bái jîu täng), Trichosanthes, Chinese Chive, and Pinellia Decoction (guä lóu xiè bái bàn xià täng) or Aconite Main Tuber and Halloysite Pill (wü tóu chì shí zhï wán).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on HT, PC, and CV. Main points: BL-15 (xïn shü, Heart Transport) , BL-14 (jué yïn shü, Reverting Yin Transport) , CV-14 (jù què, Great Tower Gate) , CV-17 (shän zhöng, Chest Center) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , and HT-5 (töng lî, Connecting Li) . Selection of points according to pattern: For phlegm turbidity congestion, add ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , needling with drainage. For qi stagnation and blood stasis, add BL-18 (gän shü, Liver Transport) BL-17 (gé shü, Diaphragm Transport) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , needling with even supplementation and drainage and adding moxa. For yin evil obstruction with pronounced cold signs, add CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , and CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , needling with supplementation and large amounts of moxa.

Definition:  In Pathoconditions, Causes, Pulses, and Treatments (zhèng yïn mài zhì) stomach impediment ; characterized by fullness and oppression in the anterior chest, pain on swallowing, and in some cases occasional vomiting. Compare heart impediment.

xiöng tòng

From Elementary Questions (sù wèn) Any pain in any part of the chest. Chest pain is attributable to a variety of diseases including heart impediment, heart pain, true heart pain, reversal heart pain, phlegm-rheum, pulmonary welling-abscess, and pulmonary consumption. The chest corresponds to the upper burner and contains the heart and lung, and chest pain is the manifestation of heart or lung disease, especially heart disease; hence chest pain includes heart pain and in some contexts the two terms are synonymous. The stomach duct is contiguous to the chest, and in the past ``heart pain'' was often used to denote pain in the pit of the stomach. As a result, the terms ``chest pain,'' ``heart pain,'' and ``stomach duct pain'' have been confused. Chest pain proper (not including stomach duct pain) is attributed to heart qi vacuity, congealing cold and stagnant qi, heart blood stasis obstruction, dual vacuity of qi and yin, phlegm turbidity obstruction, or pulmonary welling-abscess. For scorching pain in the chest and rib-side, see liver fire invading the lung.

Western Medical Concept:  pneumonia* pleurisy* intercostal neuralgia* neuralgia!intercostal* coronary heart disease* heart disease*!coronary pneumonia; pleurisy; intercostal neuralgia; coronary heart disease.

Heart qi vacuity:  (xïn qì xü) Chest pain due to heart qi vacuity is an intermittent dull pain of varying severity, with oppression in the chest, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, spontaneous sweating, and fatigue, all exacerbated following physical exertion, as well as bright white facial complexion, pale tongue, and a pulse that is fine or forceless, vacuous, and large.

Medication:  Supplement heart qi. Use variations of Origin-Preserving Decoction (bâo yuán täng). If there is concurrent blood vacuity, add Angelicae Sinensis Radix (däng guï) and Asini Corii Gelatinum (ë jiäo); if there is blood stasis add Ligustici Rhizoma (chuän xiöng) and Paeoniae Radix Rubra (chì sháo yào).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV and PC. Main points: CV-17 (shän zhöng, Chest Center) , PC-4 (xï mén, Cleft Gate) , and PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) . For heart qi vacuity, add BL-15 (xïn shü, Heart Transport) , CV-14 (jù què, Great Tower Gate) , HT-7 (shén mén, Spirit Gate) , CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , and ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) ; needle with supplementation and add moxa.

Congealing cold and stagnant qi:  (hán níng qì zhì) Congealing cold and stagnant qi is due to heart yang vacuity. It is therefore similar to heart qi vacuity, but is marked by pronounced cold signs. It causes chest pain of varying severity, with distention and oppression. In severe cases, the pain stretches into the back, left shoulder, and arm. Other signs include somber white complexion, spontaneous sweating, fear of cold, cold limbs (or reverse-flow), a moist pale tongue that may be enlarged and have dental impressions, and a deep slow or bound intermittent pulse.

Medication:  Warm and free heart yang. Use Trichosanthes, Chinese Chive, and White Liquor Decoction (guä lóu xiè bái bái jîu täng). In severe cases, with yang vacuity on the verge of desertion, pain like the cutting of a knife, dripping cold sweat, reverse-flow of the limbs, and a faint pulse on the verge of expiration, use Ginseng and Aconite Decoction (shën fù täng) or Ginseng, Aconite, Dragon Bone, and Oyster Shell Decoction (shën fù lóng mû täng) to return yang and stem counterflow.

Acupuncture:  To the main points given above, add BL-15 (xïn shü, Heart Transport) , BL-14 (jué yïn shü, Reverting Yin Transport) , CV-14 (jù què, Great Tower Gate) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , and LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) ; needle with drainage and large amounts of moxa.

Heart blood stasis obstruction:  (xïn xuè yü zû) Heart blood stasis obstruction is a pattern of right vacuity and evil repletion, developing as a result of heart qi or heart yang vacuity. It causes acute, usually stabbing chest pain of fixed location. In severe cases, it comes in sudden attacks, like the cutting of a knife, accompanied by a cold sweat, heart palpitations or fearful throbbing, and fear. After attacks, the patient is fatigued and listless. The tongue is green-blue or purple, dark and dull, sometimes with stasis macules. The pulse is sunken and fine, or rough, or bound and intermittent.

Medication:  Quicken the blood and transform stasis. Use House of Blood Stasis-Expelling Decoction (xuè fû zhú yü täng) combined with Sudden Smile Powder (shï xiào sân).

Acupuncture:  To the main points given above, add BL-15 (xïn shü, Heart Transport) , CV-14 (jù què, Great Tower Gate) , BL-17 (gé shü, Diaphragm Transport) , SP-10 (xuè hâi, Sea of Blood) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) ; needle with drainage.

Dual vacuity of qi and yin:  (qì yïn liâng xü) Chest pain from dual vacuity of qi and yin is a continuous pain of varying severity associated with palpation, profuse dreaming and insomnia, spontaneous sweating, shortness of breath, and panting that are markedly exacerbated by physical exertion. There is a subjective feeling of heat~effusion, a dry red tongue with scant fur and little liquid, yellow or reddish urine, and a forceless fine or rapid or bound or intermittent pulse.

Medication:  Boost qi and nourish yin. Use Pulse-Engendering Powder (shëng mài sân) or Honey-Fried Licorice Decoction (zhì gän câo täng).

Acupuncture:  To the main points given above, add BL-15 (xïn shü, Heart Transport) , CV-14 (jù què, Great Tower Gate) , BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , KI-6 (zhào hâi, Shining Sea) , and KI-3 (tài xï, Great Ravine) ; needle with supplementation.

Phlegm turbidity obstruction:  (tán zhuó zû è) Chest pain due to phlegm turbidity obstruction is associated with cough and copious phlegm (clear thin phlegm-drool or thick and sticky), and shortness of breath or panting. In severe cases, the pain stretches through to the back and prevents the patient from lying flat. The tongue fur is white and moist or glossy, and the pulse is slippery.

Medication:  Transform phlegm and free yang. Use Trichosanthes, Chinese Chive, and Pinellia Decoction (guä lóu xiè bái bàn xià täng) or Unripe Bitter Orange, Chinese Chive, and Cinnamon Twig Decoction (zhî shí xiè bái guì zhï täng). For phlegm-stasis obstruction use Trichosanthes, Chinese Chive, and Pinellia Decoction (guä lóu xiè bái bàn xià täng) plus Persicae Semen (táo rén), Carthami Flos (hóng huä), Typhae Pollen (pú huáng), and Arcae Concha (wâ léng zî), to transform stasis.

Acupuncture:  To the main points given above, add ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , and ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , to transform phlegm, and BL-17 (gé shü, Diaphragm Transport) , SP-10 (xuè hâi, Sea of Blood) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , to transform stasis. Needle with drainage and add moxa.

Pulmonary welling-abscess:  (fèi yöng) The main characteristics are a dull pain and coughing up of yellow phlegm that may contain pus and blood and that is fishy smelling. There is a dry mouth and thirst with no desire to drink. There may also be vexation and fullness, sweating, and sudden bouts of aversion to cold and heat~effusion. The tongue is red and the pulse is slippery or slippery and rapid.

Medication:  Clear heat and push out pus. Use Thousand Gold Pieces Phragmites Decoction (qiän jïn wêi jïng täng).

xiöng yáng

Synonym:  thoracic yang .

The yang qi of the chest.

qì

qi.

jï xiöng

Synonym:  pigeon chest .

A deformity in infants in which the chest protrudes at the center, giving it the appearance of a chicken's breast; hence the name. This condition is attributed to congenital insufficiency and/or poor nourishment after birth and manifests as spleen-kidney depletion and softness of the bones.

Western Medical Concept:  pectus carinatum* pectus gallinatum* pectus carinatum (pectus gallinatum).

shuî dòu

A contagious disease of children first recorded in On Pox Formulas (dòu zhên fäng lùn)( 1518) by Cai Wei-Fan. It is characterized by heat~effusion, and bursts of macular and papular eruptions, and is attributed to seasonal wind-toxin and brewing internal damp-heat harassing the defense aspect.

Medication:  Course wind, clear heat, and resolve toxin using Lonicera and Forsythia Powder (yín qiào sân) as the main formula. Where pox papules burst and erode, Indigo Powder (qïng dài sân) can be applied topically.

jï zhuâ zhâo fëng

ashen nail.

zhû

See sovereign, minister, assistant, and courier.

zhû fû zuô yîn

See sovereign, minister, assistant, and courier.

niào lái

See enuresis.

rù fëng

Synonym:  wind tetany .

Arched-back rigidity and clenched jaw from wind stroke after childbirth.

Medication:  Use Hua Tuo's Wind-Healing Powder (huá tuó yù fëng sân). See postpartum wind stroke; lockjaw.

fën miân

Synonym:  birth ;

Synonym:  delivery .

The separation of the child from the mother's body, after 28th week of pregnancy.

xiâo ér lì jí in infants and children,

usually resulting from contraction of damp-heat and damage by raw, cold, or unclean food in summer. Child dysentery is characterized by heat~effusion, abdominal pain and, in the initial stage, diarrhea with watery stool, which gives way to the standard signs of dysentery, i.e., stool containing pus and blood with tenesmus and frequent defecation. Distinction is made between cold and heat pattern.

niào lái

Synonym:  child bedwetting .

See enuresis.

xiâo ér gän yân

Synonym:  eye gan ;

Synonym:  gan toxin eye ;

Synonym:  gan disease ascending to the eye .

Dryness, aversion to light, screens on the dark of the eyes (iris and cornea), possibly causing crab's-eye, or, in severe cases, withering of the eyeball and blindness. It is attributed to spleen-stomach depletion with essence-blood depletion depriving the eye of nourishment and liver heat attacking the upper body.

Western Medical Concept:  keratomalacia* keratomalacia.

Medication:  Treat by fortifying the spleen and clearing heat, by killing worms and dispersing gan, and by nourishing the liver and brightening the eyes, or other methods depending on the condition of the patient. Use variations of Chubby Child Pill (féi ér wán) from The Golden Mirror of Medicine (yï zöng jïn jiàn)

Acupuncture:  The above medicinal treatment can also be combined with spine pinching and needling of the , and burning moxa at ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , BL-18 (gän shü, Liver Transport) , and BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) . See gan.

xiâo ér jïng jué

fright reversal.

xiâo ér jïng fëng

fright wind.

xiâo ér zá bìng

Synonym:  infants'

and children's diseases .

Diseases to which infants and children are prone. In general, small children are susceptible to external contractions and disease of the lungs and spleen. See lung is often in insufficiency. A comprehensive list of children's diseases is given under disease.

xiâo ér kè wû

Synonym:  visiting hostility ;

Synonym:  strike-on-person .

Crying, fright, disquietude, or even changes in complexion in infants brought on by seeing a stranger or strange sight, or being exposed to unfamiliar surroundings or circumstances. The condition often involves contention between wind and phlegm and affects the spleen and stomach's functions of intake, movement, and transformation, giving rise to vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and convulsions similar to those of epilepsy.

Medication:  Use Soul-Quieting Decoction (än hún täng), which contains Ziziphi Spinosi Semen (suän zâo rén), Poria cum Pini Radice (fú shén), Polygalae Radix (yuân zhì), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (däng guï), Arisaematis Rhizoma cum Felle Bovis (dân xïng), and Junci Medulla (dëng xïn câo), with variations according to need. For cases of exuberant phlegm, see acute fright wind.

xiâo ér wêi zhèng

Any limpness of the limbs and inability to grasp objects in children. Chinese medicine traditionally had no disease name corresponding to `infantile paralysis' in modern medicine. `Child wilting pattern' is a modern Chinese medical term that corresponds in Western medicine to infantile paralysis as the sequela of poliomyelitis or resulting from other causes such as infantile myodystrophy. mydystrophy* poliomyelitis* Child wilting patterns are attributed to dual depletion of qi and humor and lung heat scorching the lobes after heat (febrile) disease, depriving the skin and sinews of nourishment, or to warm heat sweltering the yang brightness yang2 ming2, with slackness of the ancestral sinews. They may also be attributed to insufficiency of the earlier heaven constitution with depletion of the liver and kidney.

Medication:  See wilting.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on yang brightness channel points. Main points: LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) . For lung heat scorching the lobes, add LU-7 (liè quë, Broken Sequence) , GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) , and KI-6 (zhào hâi, Shining Sea) . needling with drainage. For insufficiency of earlier heaven constitution with depletion of the liver and kidney, add BL-18 (gän shü, Liver Transport) , BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , GB-39 (xuán zhöng, Suspended Bell) , GB-34 (yáng líng quán, Yang Mound Spring) , and KI-3 (tài xï, Great Ravine) , needling with supplementation. Selection of points according to affected area: For difficulty raising the shoulder, add GB-21 (jiän jîng, Shoulder Well) , LI-15 (jiän yú, Shoulder Bone) , TB-14 (jiän liáo, Shoulder Bone-Hole) , LI-16 (jù gû, Great Bone) , and SI-11 (tiän zöng, Celestial Gathering) . For limp wrists, add TB-5 (wài guän, Outer Pass) , SI-5 (yáng gû, Yang Valley) , and . For paralysis of the lower limbs, add GV-4 (mìng mén, Life Gate) , GB-33 (xï yáng guän, Knee Yang Joint) , ST-31 (bì guän, Thigh Joint) , BL-37 (yïn mén, Gate of Abundance) , GB-30 (huán tiào, Jumping Round) , GB-34 (yáng líng quán, Yang Mound Spring) , and GB-39 (xuán zhöng, Suspended Bell) . For paralysis of the abdominal muscles, add CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) and ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) .

zhöng yào

Any medicinal used in the orthodox literary tradition. See medicinal.

zhöng câo yào

Any medicinals of traditional orthodox medicinal therapy and herbs locally used in folk medicine in China. See medicinal.

huò luàn

Synonym:  sudden turmoil .

A disease characterized by simultaneous vomiting and diarrhea, usually followed by severe cramps. Dry cholera is characterized by an ungratified urge to vomit and defecate at the same time. Cholera in Chinese medicine includes what modern Western medicine calls cholera and as well as acute gastroenteritis presenting with the same signs.

Western Medical Concept:  cholera* gastroenteritis*!acute See cold cholera; heat cholera; dry cholera; damp cholera; cholera cramps.

huò luàn zhuân jïn

Synonym:  leg-

hoisting sand .

Cramps occurring when vomiting and diarrhea in cholera (sudden turmoil) causes fulminant loss of fluids and damage to qi and yin, thereby depriving the sinews of nourishment. Contraction of the legs in severe cases may be accompanied by hypertonicity of the abdomen, retracted scrotum and curled tongue.

Medication:  Determine whether the condition is heat cholera or cold cholera. Use formulas such as Chaenomeles Decoction (mù guä täng) or Center-Rectifying Decoction (lî zhöng täng), or administer one (rice) bowl of fresh Lablab Folium (biân dòu yè) juice obtained by crushing and squeezing. Crushed garlic can be applied at the heart of the soles of the feet.

Acupuncture:  Apply treatments for heat or cold cholera, and needle with drainage at GB-34 (yáng líng quán, Yang Mound Spring) , BL-57 (chéng shän, Mountain Support) , GB-38 (yáng fû, Yang Assistance) , SP-3 (tài bái, Supreme White) , SP-2 (dà dü, Great Metropolis) , LR-4 (zhöng fëng, Mound Center) , and BL-60 (kün lún, Kunlun Mountains) ; for severe cases, add moxa.

chóng lèi

Any medicinal product derived from reptiles, arthropods, or shellfish.

màn jïn fëng

A disease of infants and children characterized by intermittent mild convulsions associated with pale yellow facial complexion of mixed blue-green and white facial complexion and in most cases the absence of heat~effusion. Most chronic fright wind patients exhibit signs such as clouding sleep, either with the eyes fully closed or with the eyeballs exposed, as well as fatigue and laziness to speak. Stool may be slightly green-blue in color or there may be clear-food diarrhea. The pulse is sunken and moderate or sunken, slow, and forceless. Chronic fright wind is attributed to insufficiency of qi and blood and exuberance of the liver with vacuity of the spleen, and often occurs in the advanced stages of severe chronic disease when right qi is greatly weakened.

Medication:  Treatment should focus on supporting right and rectifying the liver and spleen, supported by clearing the heart and flushing phlegm. Formulas that can be used include Center-Rectifying Decoction (lî zhöng täng), Clever Powder (xïng xïng sân), Spleen-Arousing Pill (xîng pí wán), and Cinnabar Spirit-Quieting Pill (zhü shä än shén wán).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, ST, and LR, needling with supplementation and moxa at CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , LR-13 (zhäng mén, Camphorwood Gate) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , and ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , and needling with even supplementation and drainage without moxa at GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , and LR-2 (xíng jiän, Moving Between) . Selection of points according to signs: For no thought of food and drink, add BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) and , applying moxa at the former. For clear-food diarrhea, add BL-25 (dà cháng shü, Large Intestine Transport) and , applying moxa at all the points. For rigidity of the nape and neck, add GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) and GV-12 (shën zhù, Body Pillar) . For convulsions, add LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , SI-3 (hòu xï, Back Ravine) , GB-34 (yáng líng quán, Yang Mound Spring) , and BL-57 (chéng shän, Mountain Support) .

màn pí fëng

A disease pattern in young children arising when excessive vomiting or diarrhea weakens right qi, causing closed eyes and shaking head, dark green-blue face and lips, sweating brow, clouded spirit, somnolence, reversal cold of the limbs, and wriggling of the extremities. It is a form of chronic fright wind characterized by spleen yin vacuity and spleen yang debilitation.

Medication:  Warm the center and supplement the spleen; secure the root and restore yang. Administer Ginseng and Aconite Decoction (shën fù täng) in frequent small doses, and later use Aconite Center-Rectifying Decoction (fù zî lî zhöng täng) with additional medicinals.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, ST, and LR. Select BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , LR-13 (zhäng mén, Camphorwood Gate) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , and LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) ; needle with supplementation and a large amount of moxa.

yân dän

A condition in which the eyelid becomes red, swollen, hot, and painful, and which in the later stages may suppurate and rupture and cause pronounced generalized signs. Cinnabar eye can develop from sties or damage to skin, and is traced to brewing accumulation of spleen-stomach heat toxin and externally contracted wind evil, combining to transform into fire, which binds in the eyelid, obstructs the network vessels, and scorches the fluids. At onset, the upper eyelid suddenly becomes red, swollen, and painful. Gradually, the whole of the area of the eyelids is affected by diffuse swelling that prevents full opening of the eye. The skin is red or purplish red in color, and is tender. Other signs include heat~effusion and aversion to cold, headache, and general discomfort. As pus gathers, the skin gradually becomes thinner and turns a yellow white in color, and rippling can be felt under the touch. After rupture, it heals. If pus is excessively abundant and is not discharged easily, the condition may spread.

Western Medical Concept:  cellulitis*!palpebral palpebral cellulitis.

Wind-toxin fettering the outer body:  (fëng dú wài shù) Signs include diffuse swelling soft to the touch, diffuse redness, pain, and itching. These signs are accompanied by aversion to wind, headache, dizziness, general discomfort, pale tongue with yellow fur, and tight floating pulse.

Medication:  Course wind and resolve toxin with variations of Schizonepeta and Ledebouriella Toxin-Vanquishing Powder (jïng fáng bài dú sân).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LI. Select GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , TB-5 (wài guän, Outer Pass) , GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) , and BL-2 (zân zhú, Bamboo Gathering) ; needle with drainage and prick , LU-11 (shào shäng, Lesser Shang) , GV-23 (shàng xïng, Upper Star) , SP-10 (xuè hâi, Sea of Blood) , and BL-40 (wêi zhöng, Bend Center) to bleed.

Heat toxin congesting internally:  (rè dú nèi yùn) Signs include hard diffuse swelling that is red in color as though smeared with cinnabar and with fire-like scorching pain. General signs include thirst and constipation, a red tongue with yellow fur, and large surging pulse.

Medication:  Clear heat and resolve toxin with Immortal Formula Life-Giving Beverage (xiän fäng huó mìng yîn).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LI, ST, and PC. Select LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , needle with drainage and prick BL-40 (wêi zhöng, Bend Center) , SP-10 (xuè hâi, Sea of Blood) , and to bleed.

dän tián

Definition: 

An area three body-inches below the umbilicus, believed by Daoists to be the chamber of essence (semen) in males and the uterus in females.

Definition:  Any of three mustering positions in qi-gong, including the lower cinnabar field located below the umbilicus, the middle cinnabar field located in the pit of the stomach (scrobiculus cordis), and the upper cinnabar field located in the center of the brow.

dän shä

epidemic throat sand.

dän dú

Synonym:  fire cinnabar .

A condition characterized by sudden localized reddening of the skin, giving it the appearance of having been smeared with cinnabar. Cinnabar toxin usually affects the face and lower legs, is most common among children and the elderly, and usually occurs in spring and summer. Cinnabar toxin is known by different names according to form and location. When it affects the head, it is called head fire cinnabar . When it assumes a wandering pattern, it is called wandering cinnabar , as is observed in newborns. Cinnabar toxin of the lower legs is called fire flow or fire cinnabar leg . Cinnabar toxin arises when damaged skin and insecurity of defense qi allow evil toxin to enter the body and gives rise to heat in the blood aspect, which becomes trapped in the skin. If the toxin is accompanied by wind, the face is affected; if accompanied by dampness, the lower legs are affected. Thus the facial type tends to be wind-heat, whereas the lower leg type is damp-heat. The disease develops swiftly. The onset of heat~effusion and aversion to cold is followed by the rapid outbreak of red patches on the skin. These patches are clearly defined, and slightly raised at the edges; they feel painful and are scorching hot to the touch. They quickly spread in all directions, turn from a bright to a darker red, and may scale. In some cases, there are also vesicles that leak yellow fluid on bursting and cause pain and itching. Other signs include vexing thirst, generalized heat~effusion, constipation, reddish urine, and other general heat signs. Development of a vigorous heat~effusion with vomiting, clouded spirit, delirious speech, or even tetanic reversal are signs of the toxin attacking the body's interior.

Western Medical Concept:  Mostly corresponds to erysipelas.

Medication:  Clear heat and resolve toxin; cool the blood and transform stasis. For head fire cinnabar, use Universal Aid Toxin-Dispersing Beverage (pû jì xiäo dú yîn). For fire flow, use Gentian Liver-Draining Decoction (lóng dân xiè gän täng) supplemented with additional medicinals. For wandering cinnabar in newborns, treat by cooling the blood, clearing construction, and resolving toxin. Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Decoction (xï jiâo dì huáng täng) combined with Coptis Toxin-Resolving Decoction (huáng lián jiê dú täng). Four Colors Powder (sì sè sân).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LI and SP. Main points: Apply diffuse pricking at and prick SP-10 (xuè hâi, Sea of Blood) , and BL-40 (wêi zhöng, Bend Center) to bleed with three-edged needle. Needle with drainage at LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) . Selection of points according to causes: For wind-heat transforming into fire, add GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) , TB-5 (wài guän, Outer Pass) , GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) , LU-11 (shào shäng, Lesser Shang) , and LI-1 (shäng yáng, Shang Yang) . For damp-heat, add SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) and SP-5 (shäng qïu, Shang Hill) . For evil toxin attacking the inner body, add PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , prick to bleed. Selection of points according to signs: For headache, add GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) . For vigorous heat~effusion with vexation and agitation, add GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) . For clouded spirit and delirious speech, add GV-26 (rén zhöng, Human Center) , PC-7 (dà líng, Great Mound) and KI-1 (yông quán, Gushing Spring) . For nausea and vomiting, add PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) and ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) .

wén huô

A low flame. When decocting formulas, the water is first brought to the boil, and then the flame is reduced so that the medicinals are decocted slowly. Richly flavored supplementing medicinals in particular require long boiling over a civil flame. Compare martial flame.

cáo zá

A sensation of emptiness and burning in the stomach duct or heart region described as being like hunger but not hunger, and like pain but not pain, and accompanied by belching, nausea, swallowing of upflowing acid, and fullness.

Western Medical Concept:  chronic gastritis* gastritis*!chronic stomach ulcer* ulcer*!gastric Associated with conditions classed in Western medicine as chronic gastritis and ulcers. Distinction is sometimes made between fire clamor, phlegm clamor, water soaking the heart clamor, chest and diaphragm qi depression clamor, and roundworm clamor.

Fire clamor  (rè cáo) is characterized by hunger immediately after eating and insatiety despite eating.

Medication:  Treat by downbearing fire with formulas such as Left-Running Metal Pill (zuô jïn wán).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on ST and LI. Select ST-44 (nèi tíng, Inner Court) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , and LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) ; needle with drainage.

Phlegm clamor  (tán cáo) is characterized by oppressed breath and copious phlegm, a sensation like hunger but not hunger, and no desire for food and drink.

Medication:  Harmonize the stomach and transform phlegm with Medicated Leaven and Atractylodes Pill (qü zhú wán). For phlegm-fire, use Triple Supplementation Pill (sän bû wán) plus Pinelliae Tuber (bàn xià) and Atractylodis Rhizoma (cäng zhú).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on ST, PC, CV, and back transport points. Select ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , BL-17 (gé shü, Diaphragm Transport) , and ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) ; needle with even supplementation and drainage. For phlegm-fire, add ST-44 (nèi tíng, Inner Court) and LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , needling with drainage.

Clamor from sour water soaking the heart  (suän shuî jìn xïn cáo) is usually attributed to spleen-stomach vacuity cold with nontransformation of food.

Medication:  Warm the center and harmonize the stomach. Use Stomach-Warming Beverage (wën wèi yîn) or Six Gentlemen Decoction (lìu jün zî täng). If the yin aspect has been damaged, use Yin-Rectifying Brew (lî yïn jiän) or Six Gentlemen Metal and Water Brew (jïn shuî lìu jün jiän).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on PC, ST, and SP. Main points: PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , and BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) . For spleen-stomach vacuity cold, add CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) and SP-4 (göng sün, Yellow Emperor) ; needle with supplementation and add moxa. For damage to the yin aspect, add SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) and SP-3 (tài bái, Supreme White) .

Chest and diaphragm qi depression clamor  (qì yù xiöng gé cáo) is accompanied by glomus and oppression in the chest and diaphragm and rough sunken pulse.

Medication:  Rectify qi and loosen the chest. Use Qi Depression Decoction (qì yù täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV and PC. Selecting CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , CV-17 (shän zhöng, Chest Center) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , and TB-6 (zhï göu, Branch Ditch) ; needle with drainage.

Roundworm clamor  (huí chóng cáo) is characterized by vomiting and bouts of acute pain, and, in severe cases, vomiting of roundworm.

Medication:  Expel roundworm using formulas such as Mume Pill (wü méi wán) or Worm-Transforming Pill (huà chóng wán).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on SP and ST. Select SP-15 (dà hèng, Great Horizontal) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , and ; needle with drainage.

jù gû

The shoulder bone.

jìng fû

The bladder.

jìng täi

An extremely fine fur with a grainy appearance. It is a normal healthy fur.

qïng

Definition: 

Pure and insubstantial (e.g., clear yang qi) in opposition to turbid.

Definition:  Not properly decomposed. See clear-food diarrhea.

Definition:  That which is clear (usually ``the clear''). See clear yang.

Definition:  To eliminate heat or fire, e.g., clear the heart (eliminate heart heat), clear the lung (eliminate lung heat), and clear qi (eliminate heat from the qi aspect), and specifically to clear heat as opposed to draining fire. See clearing.

Definition:  To excrete (same as qing1).

qïng máng

Gradual blindness that in severe cases can be total. It is attributable to insufficiency of the liver and kidney and depletion of essence blood, combined with spleen-stomach vacuity preventing essential qi from reaching up to the eyes.

Western Medical Concept:  atrophy*!optic optic atrophy* optic atrophy.

Medication:  Enrich the liver and kidney; replenish essence and supplement the marrow; open the orifices and brighten the eyes. Formulas include Lycium Berry, Chrysanthemum, and Rehmannia Pill (qî jú dì huáng wán) or variations of Long Vistas Pill Variant Formula (zhù jîng wán jiä jiân fäng) with the addition of fresh Suis Spinae Medulla (zhü jî suî).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on BL, ST, and back transport points, selecting BL-1 (jïng míng, Bright Eyes) , ST-1 (chéng qì, Tear Container) , BL-18 (gän shü, Liver Transport) , BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , GB-37 (guäng míng, Bright Light) , and GB-1 (tóng zî liáo, Pupil Bone-Hole) . For liver-kidney depletion, add GV-4 (mìng mén, Life Gate) . For spleen-stomach vacuity, add ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , and BL-17 (gé shü, Diaphragm Transport) . Use a weak stimulus for points around the eyes. Other points should be needled with supplementation.

xià lì qïng gû

Diarrhea characterized by watery, light brown stool containing partially digested food and having no malodor. Clear-food diarrhea is accompanied by aversion to cold and cold limbs, and is a sign of kidney and spleen yang vacuity.

Medication:  Warm the center and dissipate cold using Vessel-Freeing Counterflow Cold Decoction (töng mài sì nì täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on back transport points, CV, GV and ST. Select BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , GV-4 (mìng mén, Life Gate) , BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , LR-13 (zhäng mén, Camphorwood Gate) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , and ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) ; needle with supplementation and add moxa. Compare cold diarrhea; swill diarrhea.

qïng

One of the eight methods. See clearing heat.

qïng sù fèi qì

Synonym:  clearing metal ;

Synonym:  clearing metal and downbearing fire .

A method of treatment used to address lung heat with lung qi ascending counterflow. Lung qi normally descends, but when the lung is distressed by fire, there are heat signs such as expectoration of yellow phlegm, dry mouth, heat~effusion without aversion to cold, red tongue, and a rapid floating pulse. Fire also disrupts the normal downward movement of qi, causing counterflow ascent of qi and cough.

Medication:  The method of clearing and depurating the lung makes use of medicinals that clear lung heat and downbear lung qi such as Mori Radicis Cortex (säng bái pí), Houttuyniae Herba cum Radice (yú xïng câo), Phragmititis Rhizoma (lú gën), Isatidis Radix (bân lán gën), Lonicerae Flos (jïn yín huä), Perillae Albae Semen (bái sü zî), Peucedani Radix (qián hú), and Eriobotryae Folium (pí pá yè).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LU, LI, and ST. Select BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , LU-10 (yú jì, Fish Border) , LU-7 (liè quë, Broken Sequence) , LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , and GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) ; needle with drainage.

qïng lì

clearing heat and disinhibiting dampness.

qïng xuè rè

cooling the blood.

qì yíng liâng qïng

A method of treatment used to address febrile disease in which heat evil has entered the qi aspect and the construction aspect, causing high fever, heart vexation, unquiet sleep, thirst, sweating, crimson tongue with dry yellow tongue fur, and a rapid surging pulse.

Medication:  Medicinals that clear qi and construction include Gypsum (shí gäo), Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (zhï mû), Lophatheri Folium Immaturum (zhú yè xïn), Forsythiae Fructus (lián qiào), Scutellariae Radix (huáng qín), Dendrobii Caulis (shí hú), Rehmanniae Radix Exsiccata seu Recens (shëng dì huáng), and Scrophulariae Radix (xuán shën). A representative formula is Scourge-Clearing Toxin-Vanquishing Beverage (qïng wën bài dú yîn).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on HT, PC, and LI. Needle with drainage at GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) , LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , PC-3 (qü zé, Marsh at the Bend) , PC-9 (zhöng chöng, Central Hub) , HT-9 (shào chöng, Lesser Surge) , and prick them to bleed with a three-edged needle if necessary. Pricking the to bleed can also clear construction-aspect heat.

qïng zàng fû rè

Dispelling heat or fire from any of the bowels and viscera. See the entries listed below.

Clearing Bowel and Visceral Heat draining the heartxiè xïn clearing the heart and opening the orificesqïng xïn käi qiào draining the lungxiè fèi clearing and depurating lung qiqïng sù fèi qì clearing the lung and moistening drynessqïng fèi rùn zào clearing dryness and rescuing the lungqïng zào jìu fèi clearing the lung and suppressing coughqïng fèi zhî ké draining the liverxiè gän clearing the intestines and moistening drynessqïng cháng rún zào clearing the stomach and downbearing counterflowqïng wèi jiàng nì

qïng yíng

Synonym:  clearing construction and discharging heat .

A method of treatment used to address heat in the construction aspect characterized by high fever, vexation and agitation, unquiet sleep, dry crimson tongue, a rapid fine pulse, and unpronounced thirst.

Medication:  Clear construction, clear the heart, and resolve toxin. The main formula is Construction-Clearing Decoction (qïng yíng täng) Where there are pericardium signs such as clouded spirit, this formula can be combined with one that opens the orifices, such as Peaceful Palace Bovine Bezoar Pill (än göng níu huáng wán), Spirit-Like Rhinoceros Horn Elixir (shén xï dän), or Purple Snow Elixir (zî xuê dän). When the pattern comprises stirring wind, Construction-Clearing Decoction can be combined with the liver-clearing and wind-extinguishing method by the admixture of medicinals such as Antelopis Cornu (líng yáng jiâo) and Uncariae Ramulus cum Unco (göu téng). If the evil entering the construction aspect is damp-heat, the basic methods must be combined with that of drying dampness and clearing heat with cold bitter medicinals such as Scutellariae Radix (huáng qín) and Coptidis Rhizoma (huáng lián). Initial-stage construction-aspect heat patterns, where qi-aspect signs are still present, can be treated by combining the method of clearing construction and engendering liquid with that of promoting diffusion and outthrust with dissipating acridity to outthrust heat to the qi aspect. The basic formula used for such cases is Black Paste Formula (hëi gäo fäng). Broadly speaking, construction-aspect patterns are treated with cold bitter medicinals combined with cold sweet medicinals to drain heat and resolve toxin as well as to nourish yin and engender liquid. Construction-Clearing Decoction (qïng yíng täng) has both these effects. Cold, sweet medicinals engender liquids. They enrich yin and increase humor. But if used alone, they not only fail to produce this effect, but may prevent elimination of the evil. Similarly, cold bitter medicinals used alone can cause dryness to form and damage yin, thus affecting their fire-draining and toxin-resolving effect.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on HT, PC, and LI, Needle with drainage at PC-8 (láo göng, Palace of Toil) , HT-8 (shào fû, Lesser Mansion) , PC-3 (qü zé, Marsh at the Bend) , PC-9 (zhöng chöng, Central Hub) , HT-9 (shào chöng, Lesser Surge) , and LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , and prick them to bleed with a three-edged needle if necessary. Pricking the to bleed can also clear construction-aspect heat.

qïng yíng liáng xuè

A method of treatment used to address evil heat in the construction-blood aspect using cool-cold medicinals. Clearing construction and cooling the blood treats heat entering construction-blood in warm disease, notably including intense construction heat, heat damaging construction-yin, exuberant heat stirring the blood, and qi and blood (construction) both ablaze. See clearing construction, cooling the blood, cooling and dissipating the blood, clearing both qi and construction, and outthrusting macules.

qïng yíng xiè rè

clearing construction.

qïng shï rè

A method of treatment used to address damp-heat conditions such as liver channel damp-heat, damp-heat jaundice, and persistent damp-heat in externally contracted heat (febrile) diseases. Medicinals that clear damp-heat include: Cold bitter heat-clearing dampness-drying medicinals such as Coptidis Rhizoma (huáng lián), Phellodendri Cortex (huáng bâi), Scutellariae Radix (huáng qín), and Gentianae Radix (lóng dân). Warm bitter dampness-drying medicinals such as Atractylodis Rhizoma (cäng zhú), Magnoliae Cortex (hòu pò), and Pinelliae Tuber (bàn xià). Aromatic dampness-transforming medicinals such as Agastaches seu Pogostemi Herba (huò xiäng), Eupatorii Herba (pèi lán), and Alpiniae Katsumadae Semen (câo dòu kòu). Water-disinhibiting medicinals such as Talcum (huá shí), Tetrapanacis Medulla (töng câo), Poria (fú líng), and Lophatheri Folium (dàn zhú yè). If sign of dampness are more pronounced, warm bitter dampness-drying or aromatic dampness-transforming medicinals are used. An appropriate formula for this is Three Kernels Decoction (sän rén täng). If the heat signs are more pronounced, cold bitter heat-clearing and dampness-drying medicinals are combined in formulas like Sweet Dew Toxin-Dispersing Elixir (gän lù xiäo dú dän). Where damp-heat is severe or leads to fire formation, it is treated with cold bitter medicinals that not only clear heat and transform dampness, but also drain fire and resolve toxin. One commonly used method of clearing damp-heat is ``acrid opening and bitter discharging,'' i.e., opening with acridity and discharging with bitterness, using Pinelliae Tuber (bàn xià) with Scutellariae Radix (huáng qín), and Magnoliae Cortex (hòu pò) with Coptidis Rhizoma (huáng lián), etc., in formulas such as Coptis and Magnolia Bark Beverage (lián pò yîn). Damp-heat skin diseases are frequently treated with Sophorae Flavescentis Radix (kû shën), and Perillae Albae Cortex (bái sü pí). Gentian Liver-Draining Decoction (lóng dân xiè gän täng) treats damp-heat in the liver channel. Capillaris Decoction (yïn chén häo täng) treats damp-heat jaundice.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on ST, LI, and SP. Main points: ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) ; needle with drainage. Selection of points according to pattern: If dampness is predominant, add CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) and BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) . If heat is predominant, add GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) . For liver channel damp-heat, add LR-2 (xíng jiän, Moving Between) , GB-43 (xiá xï, Pinched Ravine) , and GB-34 (yáng líng quán, Yang Mound Spring) . For damp-heat jaundice, add BL-19 (dân shü, Gallbladder Transport) , GB-34 (yáng líng quán, Yang Mound Spring) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , and ST-44 (nèi tíng, Inner Court) . For externally contracted febrile disease, add GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) , TB-5 (wài guän, Outer Pass) , GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) , and LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , and prick LU-11 (shào shäng, Lesser Shang) to bleed.

qïng zào

moistening dryness.

qïng zào jìu fèi

A method of treatment used to address dryness-heat damaging the lung and causing lung wilting. Clearing dryness and rescuing the lung involves clearing lung-stomach heat with cool sweet and slightly acrid medicinals, boosting stomach qi, and enriching kidney water to protect lung-metal. It avoids the use of both cold bitter and warm-hot medicinals. A representative formula is Dryness-Clearing Lung-Rescuing Decoction (qïng zào jìu fèi täng).

qïng xïn huô

clearing the heart.

Clearing Heat clearing qi-aspect heatqïng qì fèn rè clearing construction and cooling the bloodqïng yíng liáng xuè clearing both qi and constructionqì yíng shuäng qïng clearing heat and resolving summerheatqïng rè jiê shû clearing heat and resolving toxinqïng rè jiê dú clearing bowel and visceral heatqïng zàng fû rè clearing vacuity heatqïng xü rè

qïng rè

Synonym:  clearing .

A method of treatment used to address heat using cool and cold medicinals, in accordance with the principle referred to in Elementary Questions (sù wèn) that ``heat is treated with cold.'' Clearing heat is used in the treatment of interior heat patterns such as qi-aspect heat, blood-aspect heat, damp-heat, and yang sore patterns. Clearing heat is a generic term that corresponds to clearing among the eight methods. It includes clearing heat (in a more specific sense), draining fire, and resolving toxin. The distinction between clearing heat and draining fire rests on the distinction between specific senses of the terms heat and fire. Here, fire denotes a form of repletion heat arising from the transformation of other evils and from the transformation of yang qi (see fire). Resolving toxin is the removal of any toxin, and clearing heat and resolving toxin refers to the method of treating severe redness, swelling and pain, and suppuration. Clearing heat and draining fire is poorly distinguished from clearing heat and resolving toxin, and in modern literature either term is used to cover the two. When the word clear is followed by a word denoting a part of the body, the implication is that heat is removed from that part of the body. Thus, clear construction means to clear construction heat. Clearing blood heat is conventionally referred to as cooling the blood. In modern clinical practice, the main methods of clearing heat are listed above. See also clearing damp-heat and clearing heat and resolving the exterior.

qïng rè lì shï

A method of treatment used to address lower burner damp-heat characterized by urgency and distention of the smaller abdomen, murky reddish urine, pain on urination, dribbling urination, and yellow slimy tongue fur.

Medication:  Heat-clearing dampness-disinhibiting formulas include Eight Corrections Powder (bä zhèng sân) and Pyrrosia Powder (shí wéi sân).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV and SP. Needle with drainage at BL-28 (páng guäng shü, Bladder Transport) , CV-3 (zhöng jí, Central Pole) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) .

Comparison:  Clearing and heat and disinhibiting dampness is a specific form of clearing damp-heat used to treat lower burner damp-heat. See clearing damp-heat.

qïng rè qü shï

Any method of treatment used to treat damp-heat. Clearing heat and dispelling dampness is applied to damp warmth, jaundice, cholera, heat strangury, and wilting or impediment due to damp-heat external contractions, exuberant internal damp-heat, or damp-heat pouring downward. Commonly used heat-clearing dampness-dispelling medicinals include Artemisiae Capillaris Herba (yïn chén häo), Coicis Semen (yì yî rén), Talcum (huá shí), and Gardeniae Fructus (shän zhï zî). Formulas include Three Kernels Decoction (sän rén täng) Capillaris Decoction (yïn chén häo täng) and Sweet Dew Toxin-Dispersing Elixir (gän lù xiäo dú dän). See also clearing heat and transforming dampness and clearing heat and disinhibiting dampness.

qïng rè xiè huô

See clearing.

qïng rè xï fëng

draining fire and extinguishing wind.

qïng rè töng lín

A method of treatment used to address painful, burning sensations in the urethra, urinary urgency and frequency, and reddish urine.

Medication:  Heat-clearing strangury-freeing medicinals include Mutong Caulis (mù töng), Plantaginis Semen (chë qián zî) or Plantaginis Herba (chë qián), Polygoni Avicularis Herba (biân xù), Pyrrosiae Folium (shí wéi), Dianthi Herba (qü mài), and Talcum (huá shí). These may be combined with heat-clearing medicinals such as Andrographidis Herba (chuän xïn lián), Taraxaci Herba cum Radice (pú göng yïng), Commelinae Herba (yä zhí câo), Houttuyniae Herba cum Radice (yú xïng câo), Pteridis Multifidi Herba (fèng wêi câo), Lonicerae Flos (jïn yín huä), and Phellodendri Cortex (huáng bâi). A representative heat-clearing strangury-freeing formula is Eight Corrections Powder (bä zhèng sân).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on the three yin channels of the foot and alarm and back transport points of BL (CV-3 and BL-28). Select BL-28 (páng guäng shü, Bladder Transport) , CV-3 (zhöng jí, Central Pole) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , LR-2 (xíng jiän, Moving Between) , KI-3 (tài xï, Great Ravine) , LR-8 (qü quán, Spring at the Bend) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , and TB-5 (wài guän, Outer Pass) ; needle with drainage.

Synonym:  cool opening ;

Synonym:  clearing the heart and opening the orifices .

A method of treatment used to address externally contracted febrile disease patterns, such as heat entering the pericardium, characterized by high fever with clouded spirit and delirious speech, vexation and agitation, parched lips and dry teeth, tetanic reversal, and convulsions, including child fright wind.

Medication:  A representative heart-clearing orifice-opening formula is Peaceful Palace Bovine Bezoar Pill (än göng níu huáng wán), which can be combined with Construction-Clearing Decoction (qïng yíng täng). Others include Purple Snow Elixir (zî xuê dän), Spirit-Like Rhinoceros Horn Elixir (shén xï dän), and Supreme Jewel Elixir (zhì bâo dän). These may be combined with blood-cooling medicinals, heat-clearing medicinals, and toxin-resolving medicinals where necessary. Furthermore, wind stroke can be treated with Supreme Jewel Elixir combined with liver-calming wind-extinguishing medicinals.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on GV, PC, and . Select GV-26 (shuî göu, Water Trough) , Twelve Well Points, PC-8 (láo göng, Palace of Toil) , GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) , and LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) ; needle with drainage or prick to bleed. For convulsions, add GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , GV-16 (fëng fû, Wind Mansion) , and LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) . See opening the orifices.

qïng rè jiê shû

A method of treatment used to address externally contracted summerheat-heat characterized by headache, generalized heat~effusion, sweating, vexation and thirst, short voiding of reddish urine, thin yellow tongue fur, and a rapid floating pulse.

Medication:  Use heat-clearing summerheat-resolving medicinals such as fresh Menthae Herba (bò hé), Lablab Flos (biân dòu huä), Artemisiae Apiaceae seu Annuae Herba (qïng häo), Elsholtziae Herba (xiäng rú), Lonicerae Flos (jïn yín huä), Forsythiae Fructus (lián qiào), Phragmititis Rhizoma (lú gën), and Coptidis Rhizoma (huáng lián). Representative formulas include Network-Clearing Beverage (qïng luò yîn) and Wang's Summerheat-Clearing Qi-Boosting Decoction (wáng shì qïng shû yì qì täng).

Acupuncture:  Needle with drainage at PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , and ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) . For headache, add GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) and GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) . For vexation and thirst, add HT-5 (töng lî, Connecting Li) and KI-6 (zhào hâi, Shining Sea) .

qïng rè jiê biâo

Definition: 

A method of treatment that uses cool acrid exterior-resolving medicinals to treat wind-warmth exterior patterns. A representative formula is Lonicera and Forsythia Powder (yín qiào sân).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LI, LU, and TB. Needle with drainage at LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , TB-5 (wài guän, Outer Pass) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , LU-7 (liè quë, Broken Sequence) , and GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) .

Definition:  One form of resolving both exterior and interior, used to address mild exterior heat with more pronounced interior heat characterized by high fever, vexation and thirst, mild aversion to wind or cold, little or no sweating, constipation, yellow urine, dry white or yellow tongue fur, and a slippery rapid pulse.

Medication:  A representative heat-clearing exterior-resolving formula is Three Yellows and Gypsum Decoction (sän huáng shí gäo täng), in which Gypsum (shí gäo), Coptidis Rhizoma (huáng lián), Scutellariae Radix (huáng qín), and Phellodendri Cortex (huáng bâi) clear interior heat, and Ephedrae Herba (má huáng) and Glycines Semen Fermentatum Insulsum (dàn dòu chî) resolve the exterior evil.

qïng rè jiê dú

A method of treatment used to address any repletion pattern attributed to heat toxin, such as intense heat toxin in externally contracted heat febrile disease, sore (yang patterns), cinnabar toxin, maculopapular eruption, pulmonary welling-abscess , dysentery with blood and pus in the stool, and heat strangury with painful urination and reddish urine. Such patterns are characterized by scorching heat, heat~effusion, swelling and distention, pain, suppuration, and putrefaction. Medicinals used include Isatidis Folium (dà qïng yè), Isatidis Radix (bân lán gën), Taraxaci Herba cum Radice (pú göng yïng), Scutellariae Radix (huáng qín), Coptidis Rhizoma (huáng lián), Phellodendri Cortex (huáng bâi), Moutan Radicis Cortex (mû dän pí), Paeoniae Radix Rubra (chì sháo yào), Lonicerae Flos (jïn yín huä), Forsythiae Fructus (lián qiào), Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (shëng jiäng), and Gardeniae Fructus (shän zhï zî). A commonly used heat-clearing toxin-resolving formula is Coptis Toxin-Resolving Decoction (huáng lián jiê dú täng).

Acupuncture:  Select BL-40 (wêi zhöng, Bend Center) , PC-3 (qü zé, Marsh at the Bend) , , as the main points and, for sores etc., prick to bleed.

qïng rè zhî xuè

A method of treatment used to address frenetic movement of hot blood, as observed in stomach heat blood ejection with bright colored blood, dry mouth and throat, crimson red tongue, yellow tongue fur, and a surging rapid pulse.

Medication:  Use medicinals such as Rubiae Radix (qiàn câo gën), Asini Corii Gelatinum (ë jiäo), Scutellariae Radix (huáng qín), Biotae Folium (cè bâi yè), Rehmanniae Radix Exsiccata seu Recens (shëng dì huáng), and Cephalanoploris Herba seu Radix (xiâo jì).

Acupuncture:  Select points such as PC-7 (dà líng, Great Mound) , PC-4 (xï mén, Cleft Gate) , LU-6 (kông zuì, Collection Hole) , LU-9 (tài yuän, Great Abyss) , KI-3 (tài xï, Great Ravine) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , and ST-44 (nèi tíng, Inner Court) , and needle with drainage.

qïng rè huà shï

A method of treatment used to address dampness and heat binding in the upper or middle burner characterized by oppression in the chest, abdominal distention, poor appetite, bitter taste in the mouth, sometimes sore throat, yellow or reddish urine, slimy yellow tongue fur, and soggy rapid pulse.

Medication:  Use formulas such as Sweet Dew Toxin-Dispersing Elixir (gän lù xiäo dú dän) and Capillaris Decoction (yïn chén häo täng).

Acupuncture:  Needle with drainage at PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , ST-37 (shàng jù xü, Upper Great Hollow) , and ST-44 (nèi tíng, Inner Court) .

qïng rè huà tán

Synonym:  clearing and transforming heat phlegm .

A method of treatment used to address heat phlegm, which arises when heat congests the lung and manifests as inhibited cough, expectoration of thick yellow phlegm, red facial complexion, heat vexation, red tongue with yellow fur, etc.

Medication:  Heat-clearing phlegm-transforming medicinals include Descurainiae seu Lepidii Semen (tíng lì zî), Scutellariae Radix (huáng qín), Mori Radicis Cortex (säng bái pí), Trichosanthis Pericarpium (guä lóu pí), Fritillariae Verticillatae Bulbus (zhè bèi mû), and Phragmititis Rhizoma (lú gën). Formulas include Qi-Clearing Phlegm-Transforming Pill (qïng qì huà tán wán) and Gallbladder-Warming Decoction (wën dân täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on back transport points, LU, LI, and ST. Needle with drainage at BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , LU-5 (chî zé, Cubit Marsh) , LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , LU-10 (yú jì, Fish Border) , LU-9 (tài yuän, Great Abyss) , SP-3 (tài bái, Supreme White) , and ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) .

qïng rè xiè huô jiê dú <

clearing heat, draining fire> See clearing.

<

clearing heat, transforming phlegm> A method of treatment used to address phlegm heat congestion in children, causing heat~effusion and clouded spirit, rough breathing, fright reversal, and convulsions of the limbs (an acute fright wind repletion pattern).

Medication:  Heat-clearing phlegm-transforming and orifice-opening formulas include Dragon-Embracing Pill (bào lóng wán).

Acupuncture:  Use the points given under clearing heat and transforming phlegm. In addition, drain GV-26 (shuî göu, Water Trough) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , PC-5 (jiän shî, Intermediary Courier) , and GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) , and prick the twelve well points or the ten diffusing points to bleed. For convulsions of the limbs, drain GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , GV-16 (fëng fû, Wind Mansion) , and LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) .

qïng gän huô

draining the liver.

qïng jïn

clearing and depurating lung qi.

qïng jïn jiàng huô

clearing and depurating lung qi.

qïng zàng fû rè

clearing bowel and visceral heat.

qïng qì

clearing qi-aspect heat.

qïng qì fèn rè

Synonym:  clearing qi heat ;

Synonym:  clearing qi .

A method of treatment used to address qi-aspect heat patterns with vigorous (surfaced) heat~effusion, thirst, dry tongue, and surging pulse. Commonly used medicinals include Gypsum (shí gäo), Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (zhï mû), and Gardeniae Fructus (shän zhï zî). White Tiger Decoction (bái hû täng) and Gardenia and Fermented Soybean Decoction (zhï zî chî täng) are representative qi-heat-clearing formulas.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LI and ST. Select LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , ST-44 (nèi tíng, Inner Court) , and PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , needle with drainage.

qïng qì rè

clearing qi-aspect heat.

kû hán qïng qì

A method of treatment used to address qi-aspect heat with cold bitter medicinals in the treatment of warm disease of spring with heat~effusion, no (or slight) aversion to cold, joint pain, thirst, scant sweating, yellow urine, red tongue with yellow tongue fur, and a rapid pulse.

Medication:  Scutellaria Decoction (huáng qín täng) is an example of a cold bitter qi-clearing formula.

qïng shû yì qì

A method of treatment used to address summerheat in the treatment of contraction of summerheat with damage to liquid characterized by heat~effusion, heart vexation, dry mouth, and inhibited urination, principally by boosting qi to engender liquid and secondarily by clearing summerheat.

Medication:  Use Summerheat-Clearing Qi-Boosting Decoction (qïng shû yì qì täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on PC, LI, ST, KI, and CV. Needle LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , HT-5 (töng lî, Connecting Li) , and KI-6 (zhào hâi, Shining Sea) , with drainage, and CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , and CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) with supplementation or with even supplemenation and drainage; if necessary, add moxa.

qïng shû lì shï <

clearing summerheat> A method of treatment used to address summerheat-damp characterized by heat~effusion, vexation, thirst, inhibited urination.

Medication:  A commonly used summerheat-clearing dampness-disinhibiting formula is Six-to-One Powder (lìu yï sân).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on PC, LI, ST, KI, and CV. Select LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , HT-5 (töng lî, Connecting Li) , KI-6 (zhào hâi, Shining Sea) , CV-3 (zhöng jí, Central Pole) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , and SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , and needle with drainage.

qïng xïn

Synonym:  clearing the palace .

A method of treatment used to address heat entering the pericardium characterized by high fever, clouded spirit, vexation and agitation, delirious speech, crimson tongue, and a rapid fine pulse.

Medication:  A representative heart-clearing formula is Palace-Clearing Decoction (qïng göng täng).

qïng xïn yì shèn

A method of treatment that involves clearing heart fire and supplement kidney water and that is used to address noninteraction of the heart and kidney characterized by dizziness, heart palpitations, fearful throbbing, sleeplessness, limp aching lumbus and legs, and dream emissions in males, and dreaming of intercourse in women. See promote interaction of the heart and kidney.

qïng xïn xiè huô

clearing the heart.

qïng xïn dí rè

clearing the heart.

See clearing heat and opening the orifices.

qïng cháng rùn zào <

clearing the intestines> A method of treatment used to address large intestine heat marked by constipation, bad breath, lip sores, red facial complexion, short voidings of reddish urine, dry yellow tongue fur, and a replete slippery pulse.

Medication:  A representative intestine-clearing dryness-moistening formula is Hemp Seed Pill (má rén wán), which contains Cannabis Semen (huô má rén), Paeoniae Radix (sháo yào), Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (zhî shí), Rhei Rhizoma (dà huáng), Magnoliae Cortex (hòu pò), and Armeniacae Semen (xìng rén).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on ST and on back transport, alarm, and lower uniting points of LI. Select BL-25 (dà cháng shü, Large Intestine Transport) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , ST-37 (shàng jù xü, Upper Great Hollow) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , ST-44 (nèi tíng, Inner Court) , SP-14 (fù jié, Abdominal Bind) , and KI-6 (zhào hâi, Shining Sea) ; needle with drainage.

qïng gän xiè huô

draining the liver.

qïng fèi rùn zào

A method of treatment used to address damage to the lung by warm dryness or heat.

Medication:  Use formulas such as Dryness-Clearing Lung-Rescuing Decoction (qïng zào jìu fèi täng) or Adenophora/Glehnia and Ophiopogon Decoction (shä shën mài döng täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on back transport points, LU, and KI. Select BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , BL-43 (gäo huäng shü, Gao-Huang Transport) , LU-5 (chî zé, Cubit Marsh) , and KI-6 (zhào hâi, Shining Sea) ; needle with even supplementation and drainage.

qïng fèi zhî ké

A method of treatment used to address cough due to lung heat.

Medication:  Use formulas like White-Draining Powder (xiè bái sân).

qïng göng

clearing the heart. See palace.

qïng wèi jiàng nì

A method of treatment used to address hiccough due to stomach heat.

Medication:  Use New Tangerine Peel and Bamboo Shavings Decoction (xïn zhì jú pí zhú rú täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on ST, PC, and LR. Select BL-17 (gé shü, Diaphragm Transport) , CV-17 (shän zhöng, Chest Center) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , ST-44 (nèi tíng, Inner Court) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , and LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) ; needle with drainage.

qïng xü rè

A method of treatment used to address advanced-stage externally contracted heat (febrile) diseases or chronic diseases such as pulmonary consumption presenting with signs such as steaming bone or tidal heat~effusion, night sweating, persistent low fever, reddening of the cheeks, emaciation, and red or crimson tongue with little fur, which indicate that yin humor is damaged and evil heat is lodged in the yin aspect.

Medication:  Commonly used vacuity-heat--clearing medicinals include Amydae Carapax (bië jiâ), Artemisiae Apiaceae seu Annuae Herba (qïng häo), Lycii Radicis Cortex (dì gû pí), Stellariae Lanceolatae Radix (yín chái hú), Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix (qín jiäo), and Cynanchi Baiwei Radix (bái wëi). Representative formulas include Sweet Wormwood and Turtle Shell Decoction (qïng häo bië jiâ täng) and Bone-Clearing Powder (qïng gû sân).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on KI. Select KI-6 (zhào hâi, Shining Sea) , KI-3 (tài xï, Great Ravine) , KI-2 (rán gû, Blazing Valley) , and LR-2 (xíng jiän, Moving Between) . Needle with even supplementation and drainage. For advanced-stage febrile disease, add LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , and TB-5 (wài guän, Outer Pass) , needling with drainage. For pulmonary consumption, add BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , BL-43 (gäo huäng shü, Gao-Huang Transport) , and LU-9 (tài yuän, Great Abyss) , needling with supplementation. Selection of points according to signs: For tidal heat~effusion, add LU-5 (chî zé, Cubit Marsh) and LU-10 (yú jì, Fish Border) . For night sweating, add HT-6 (yïn xï, Yin Cleft) . Compare enriching yin and clearing heat.

qïng qiào

Any of the upper orifices (eyes, ears, nostrils, and mouth), usually referred to collectively. The clear orifices are sometimes called the seven orifices. They are described as clear in contradistinction to the lower orifices, usually referred to as the two yin, i.e., the anal and genital orifices, through which turbid waste is discharged from the body.

qïng qì

The clear, light part of the essence of grain and water. The Magic Pivot (líng shü) states, ``The stomach is the sea of the five viscera and six bowels; its clear qi pours upward into the lung.'' Compare clear yang.

qïng qì bù shëng

clear yang failing to bear upward.

biàn niào qïng lì

Clean stool composed of improperly digested food with clear urine; a sign of cold.

qïng yáng

Yang qi as a clean, light, insubstantial qi that moves upward and outward. It stands in complementary opposition to turbid yin, which is the unclean, heavy, substantial qi (solid waste products). See turbid yin. Compare

Synonym:  clear qi .

qïng yáng bù shëng

Synonym:  clear qi failing to bear upward .

The inability of yang qi to warm and nourish the head, flesh, limbs, etc. The main signs are dizzy head and vision, shortness of breath and laziness to speak, fatigue and lack of strength, abdominal distention and diarrhea. Other signs my be reduced hearing acuity, somnolence, and poor appetite. The tongue is pale with white fur, and the pulse is weak or vacuous.

Medication:  Boost qi and upbear yang. Use Center-Supplementing Qi-Boosting Decoction (bû zhöng yì qì täng) or Yang-Upbearing Stomach-Boosting Decoction (shëng yáng yì wèi täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on GV and CV. Select GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , BL-21 (wèi shü, Stomach Transport) , and ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , needle with supplementation and large amounts of moxa. Selection of points according to signs: For dizziness, add ST-8 (tóu wéi, Head Corner) and LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) . For poor food intake and sloppy stool, add ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) or moxa . For abdominal distention, add PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) and ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) .

Any of a group of points located one on each of the twelve channels and four of the eight extraordinary vessels (the yin springing, yang springing, yin linking, and yang linking vessels) at the site of a small cleft or indentation at which qi and blood accumulate.

Application:  The cleft can reflect repletion or vacuity in the channel on which they are located. Sharp or intense pain on pressure, or redness and swelling indicate repletion, whereas dull or mild pain or a depression at the point indicates vacuity. Cleft points are commonly employed in the treatment of either stubborn or acute ailments involving the organs and channels. The effectiveness of cleft points in relieving pain is evidenced by their frequent use in acupuncture anesthesia. The cleft points are often used in combination with the meeting points. For example, the cleft point of the lung, LU-6 (kông zuì, Collection Hole) , is combined with the meeting point of the blood, BL-17 (gé shü, Diaphragm Transport) , to treat coughing of blood, whereas the cleft point of the stomach, ST-34 (liáng qïu, Beam Hill) , is combined with the meeting point of the bowels, CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , to treat acute stomach pain.

kôu jìn

Inability to open the mouth. A sign of tetanic disease, wind stroke, and fright wind. When accompanied by foaming at the mouth, clenched jaw is generally a sign of epilepsy. When associated with a phlegm rale in the throat and deviation of the eyes or mouth, it indicates wind stroke.

Western Medical Concept:  trismus* trismus.

Externally contracted wind-cold:  (fëng hán) Clenched jaw due to wind-cold results when externally contracted wind, cold, or dampness evils enter the three yang channels causing hypertonicity of the sinews. It appears in patients suffering from heat~effusion, aversion to cold, headache, stiff nape and back, either absence of sweating or sweating, white tongue fur, and a tight floating pulse.

Medication:  Diffuse external evil with Pueraria Decoction (gé gën täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment for all clenched jaw patterns mainly on ST and LI. Main points: ST-6 (jiá chë, Cheek CarriageJawbone) , ST-4 (dì cäng, Earth Granary) , ST-7 (xià guän, Below the Joint) , and LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) . For externally contracted wind-cold, add GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) TB-5 (wài guän, Outer Pass) , LU-7 (liè quë, Broken Sequence) , and TB-17 (yì fëng, Wind Screen) ; needle with drainage and add moxa.

Exuberant internal heat:  (lî rè) Clenched jaw due to internal heat results when wind-cold enters the exterior and transforms into heat or when warm heat enters the interior causing congestion in the qi aspect or stirring liver wind. It is associated with stiff neck, arched-back rigidity, hypertonicity of the limbs, vigorous heat~effusion, yellow face and eyes, parched lips, constipation and rough urination, red tongue with yellow fur and a stringlike rapid or forceful rapid sunken pulse.

Medication:  Clear and drain internal heat. Exuberant yang brightness heat is treated with White Tiger Decoction (bái hû täng) or Major Qi-Coordinating Decoction (dà chéng qì täng). If heat toxin scorches qi and blood or congests the throat, use variations of Scourge-Clearing Toxin-Vanquishing Beverage (qïng wën bài dú yîn), which clears heat and resolves toxin as well as clearing the blood and draining fire. Exuberant liver channel heat stirring wind with convulsions and arched-back rigidity can be treated by clearing heat, draining fire, and extinguishing wind, using variations of Gentian Liver-Draining Decoction (lóng dân xiè gän täng) or Antelope Horn and Uncaria Decoction (líng jiâo göu téng täng). Clouded spirit and coma can be treated by clearing the heart and opening the orifices using Peaceful Palace Bovine Bezoar Pill (än göng níu huáng wán).

Acupuncture:  For exuberant yang brightness heat is treated with adding to above main points LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , ST-44 (nèi tíng, Inner Court) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , and ST-37 (shàng jù xü, Upper Great Hollow) ; needle with drainage. If heat toxin scorches qi and blood or congests the throat, adding LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , TB-5 (wài guän, Outer Pass) , BL-40 (wêi zhöng, Bend Center) , and ST-43 (xiàn gû, Sunken Valley) ; needle with drainage. and pricking LU-11 (shào shäng, Lesser Shang) , PC-9 (zhöng chöng, Central Hub) , and HT-9 (shào chöng, Lesser Surge) to bleed. For exuberant liver channel heat stirring wind with convulsions and arched-back rigidity, add LR-2 (xíng jiän, Moving Between) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) , GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) , and GV-16 (fëng fû, Wind Mansion) ; needle with drainage. and pricking to bleed. For clouded spirit and coma, add PC-8 (láo göng, Palace of Toil) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , HT-8 (shào fû, Lesser Mansion) , and GV-26 (shuî göu, Water Trough) ; needle with drainage and prick to bleed.

Yin depletion and blood vacuity:  (yïn kuï xuè xü) Clenched jaw due to yin depletion and blood vacuity mostly occurs in the advanced stages of warm disease when heat evil has damaged yin-liquid, or after sweating or precipitation has damaged yin and the evil has abated. It is accompanied by dizzy head and flowery vision, convulsions of the limbs or hypertonicity of the limbs, emaciation, red tongue without fur, and a rapid fine sunken pulse. There may be heat~effusion. Enrich yin, nourish the blood, and extinguish wind with Major Wind-Stabilizing Pill (dà dìng fëng zhü).

Acupuncture:  To the main points given above add ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , KI-1 (yông quán, Gushing Spring) , LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) , GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , GV-8 (jïn suö, Sinew Contraction) , and GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) ; needle with supplementation.

Direct strike by cold evil:  (hán xié zhí zhòng) Clenched jaw preventing speech due to direct strike by cold evil is accompanied by shivering limbs, hypertonicity, reversal cold of the extremities, abdominal pain and diarrhea, blue-green or purple facial complexion, dark tongue with white fur, and a sunken stringlike and rough pulse.

Medication:  Warm the center and dispel cold. Use variations of Counterflow Cold Decoction (sì nì täng) or Great Rectifying Powder (dà shùn sân).

Acupuncture:  To the main points given above add ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , and CV-8 (shén què, Spirit Gate Tower) ; needle with drainage and large amounts of moxa.

Qi depression and phlegm congestion:  (qì yù tán yöng) Clenched jaw due to qi depression and phlegm congestion is observed in miscellaneous disease when phlegm and qi become depressed and bound, block the clear orifices, and, as happens in some cases, carry wind through the channels and network vessels. It may occur with clouding reversal and convulsions of the limbs, or with physical collapse, phlegm congestion in the throat, hasty panting, thin white or slimy white tongue fur and a sunken stringlike or slippery stringlike pulse.

Medication:  Rectify qi, open the orifices, and sweep phlegm. Use Saussurea Qi-Regulating Powder (mù xiäng tiáo qì sân). For unclear spirit-mind, first use Liquid Storax Pill (sü hé xiäng wán) to open the orifices.

Acupuncture:  To the main points given above add SI-3 (hòu xï, Back Ravine) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , and LR-3 (tài chöng, Supreme Surge) ; needle with drainage, and add GV-26 (shuî göu, Water Trough) and PC-5 (jiän shî, Intermediary Courier) for clouded spirit.

External wind toxin damage:  (wài shäng fëng dú) Clenched jaw can arise when wind toxin enters through an open wound or sore. In such cases, it is associated with stiff neck, hypertonicity of the limbs, and even arched-back rigidity, as well as with alternating heat~effusion and aversion to cold, a white slimy tongue fur, and a stringlike pulse.

Medication:  Settle tetany and dispel wind. Make use of chong products such as Buthus (quán xië), Scolopendra (wú göng), Bombyx Batryticatus (bái jiäng cán), and Lumbricus (dì lóng). Use formulas such as True Jade Powder (yù zhën sân) or Five-Tigers-Chasing-the-Wind Powder (wû hû zhuï fëng sân).

Acupuncture:  To the main points add GV-20 (bâi huì, Hundred Convergences) , GB-20 (fëng chí, Wind Pool) , GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) , GV-12 (shën zhù, Body Pillar) , GV-26 (shuî göu, Water Trough) , GV-1 (cháng qiáng, Long Strong) , and SI-3 (hòu xï, Back Ravine) ; needle with drainage, and add GV-26 (shuî göu, Water Trough) and KI-1 (yông quán, Gushing Spring) , and prick to bleed for clouded spirit or arched-back rigidity.

xuè kuài

A lump of coagulated blood, such as may be observed in the menstrual flow in blood stasis patterns.

jïng lái chéng kuài

Menstrual flow containing dark purple lumps of coagulated blood. It is a sign of blood stasis, or of cold or heat causing blood stasis. See blood stasis scant menstruation; blood stasis menstrual pain; blood stasis infertility; blood stasis delayed menstruation; congealing cold-damp menstrual pain; blood cold delayed menstruation; blood heat advanced menstruation; menstruation at irregular intervals; dispelling stasis and stanching bleeding.

méng

To cover, cloud, obscure; describes the effect of phlegm turbidity, such as in the term phlegm clouding the pericardium, a pattern characterized by oppression in the chest, confusion, and, in severe cases, coma. See exuberance and debilitation.

hün

Describes severe lack of clarity (of vision or consciousness).

shén hün

Stupor or complete loss of consciousness. Occurs in many diseases and may be of sudden or gradual onset. In bowel heat patterns, for example, it develops gradually, and, in severe cases, is associated with delirious speech and picking at bedclothes. See coma.

shén zhì hün hú

Stupor. See clouded spirit.

mù hün

Blurred, unclear vision; attributable to the following possible causes: dual depletion of qi and blood in enduring sickness; liver-kidney insufficiency and wearing of essence-blood; depletion of heart construction and vacuity of spirit qi; spleen-stomach vacuity and disturbance of movement and transformation; constrained emotions and disturbance of liver free coursing; qi stagnation and blood stasis; wind, fire, phlegm, or dampness harassing the clear orifices of the upper body; external injury.

hün jué

Sudden loss of consciousness and collapse, sometimes accompanied by reversal cold of the limbs. Clouding reversal is usually of short duration as in various reversal patterns; the patient returns to consciousness without hemiplegia or deviation of the eyes and mouth as occurs in wind stroke. In rare cases, it continues, as in deathlike reversal. Causes include qi vacuity, blood vacuity, phlegm turbidity harassing the upper body, ascendant liver yang, summerheat stroke, and tetanic diseases such as child fright wind and epilepsy.

hün shuì

Synonym:  hypersomnia .

A pronounced somnolence that occurs in heat entering the pericardium, whose other signs include generalized heat~effusion that is most pronounced at night, a crimson tongue, rapid pulse, and sometimes maculopapular eruptions.

dïng chuäng

A small, hard sore with a deep root like a clove or nail, appearing most commonly on the face and ends of the fingers. A clove sore arises when fire toxin enters the body through a wound, and then heat brews and binds in the skin and flesh. It may also arise when anger, anxiety, and preoccupation or excessive indulgence in rich food or alcohol lead to accumulated heat in the organs, which effuses outward to the skin. Sometimes, a clove sore may have a single red threadlike line stretching from the sore toward the trunk. This is known as a red-thread clove sore. Severe forms are known as toxin clove sores, whose toxin can spread to penetrate the blood aspect and attack the organs, causing clouded spirit. This is called a running yellow.

Medication:  Clear heat and resolve toxin. Use Five-Ingredient Toxin-Dispersing Beverage (wû wèi xiäo dú yîn) or Coptis Toxin-Resolving Decoction (huáng lián jiê dú täng) for oral medication, and apply Thoroughly Pounded Paste (qiän chuí gäo). Clove sores of the limbs can be lanced to allow pus to drain. However, clove sores that are lanced and squeezed too early can cause running.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on GV and LI. Select GV-12 (shën zhù, Body Pillar) , GV-10 (líng tái, Spirit Tower) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , and BL-40 (wêi zhöng, Bend Center) ; needle with drainage or pricking to bleed with a three-edged needle. Selection of points according to affected area: When lying on the large intestine channel pathway on the face, add LI-1 (shäng yáng, Shang Yang) and LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) . When lying on the gallbladder channel pathway on the face, add GB-34 (yáng líng quán, Yang Mound Spring) , GB-41 (zú lín qì, Foot Overlooking Tears) , and GB-44 (zú qiào yïn, Foot Orifice Yin) . Affecting the end of the index finger, add LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) and LI-20 (yíng xiäng, Welcome Fragrance) . Affecting the end of the little toe and second toe, add GB-34 (yáng líng quán, Yang Mound Spring) , and GB-2 (tïng huì, Auditory Convergence) . When growing on the lower limbs, add KI-9 (zhú bïn, Guest House) and SP-10 (xuè hâi, Sea of Blood) . Selection of points according to signs: For high fever, add LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) and GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) . For clove toxin attacking the inner body and clouding the spirit, add GV-26 (shuî göu, Water Trough) , SI-8 (xiâo hâi, Small Sea) , and HT-7 (shén mén, Spirit Gate) , and prick to bleed.

dïng chuäng zôu huáng

Synonym:  running yellow .

A clove sore from which the toxin spreads and falls inward (see inward fall) to penetrate the blood aspect. The clove sore is characterized by broad swelling, and is accompanied by high fever, shiver sweating, headache, vexation and agitation, distention and oppression in the chest and abdomen, lack of strength in the limbs, a red or crimson tongue, a rough yellow tongue fur, and a surging rapid or slippery stringlike pulse. There may also be nausea, vomiting, stiffening of the tongue with dry mouth, constipation or diarrhea, and, in severe cases, clouded spirit, delirious speech, and tetanic reversal, stasis speckles or macules. In some cases, the whole body turns yellow (which explains the origin of the Chinese term), and the spread of pus toxin can cause pulmonary welling-abscess or bone flat-abscess . Running yellow occurs when intense heat toxin is spread by inappropriate squeezing, premature lancing, or accidental rupture of the clove sore.

Western Medical Concept:  septicemia* septicemia.

Medication:  Clear heat, resolve toxin, and cool the blood with formulas such as Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Decoction (xï jiâo dì huáng täng), Coptis Toxin-Resolving Decoction (huáng lián jiê dú täng), and Five-Ingredient Toxin-Dispersing Beverage (wû wèi xiäo dú yîn). For topical treatment, see clove sore.

Acupuncture:  Use the point given under clove sore, and prick , GV-14 (dà zhuï, Great Hammer) , and LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) to bleed with a three-edged needle. Clove sore running yellow is a critical condition that should be treated vigorously treated with all possible methods (acupuncture and medicinals), or with Chinese-Western integrated methods.

cóng zhì

paradoxical treatment.

jiân chún

A disease of the mouth that starts with a bean-like hard lump on the lip (usually the lower lip), which gradually grows larger and whose skin becomes white and fissured, giving it the appearance of a cocoon, an everted flower, ganoderma or other fungus. It can rupture to exude bloody fluid, leaving an ulceration with an uneven surface that forms scabs. In the final stages, there is dry mouth and throat, and emaciation. Patterns include intense internal spleen fire, spleen-stomach repletion heat, and intense yin vacuity fire.

Western Medical Concept:  cancer of the lip* cancer of the lip.

Intense internal spleen fire:  (pí huô nèi chì) The swelling is elevated and hard, and may be ulcerated and painful. It is accompanied by thirst, yellow urine, red tongue with yellow fur, and a rapid fine pulse.

Medication:  Clear fire and resolve toxin; nourish yin and engender liquid. Use variations of Cool Clearing Sweet Dew Beverage (qïng liáng gän lù yîn).

Spleen-stomach repletion heat:  (pí wèi shí rè) The swelling is scorching and painful, and the lips are dry and cracked. There is thirst, constipation, yellow urine, and a dry yellow fur, and forceful slippery rapid pulse.

Medication:  Free the bowels and discharge heat; resolve toxin and transform phlegm. Use Diaphragm-Cooling Powder (liáng gé sân) plus Bombyx Batryticatus (bái jiäng cán) and Scutellariae Barbatae Herba (bàn zhï lián).

Intense yin vacuity fire:  (yïn xü huô chì) The lesion is painful and burns like fire. It is deep dull purple in color and periodically exudes blood water. Other signs include reddening of the checks, heat in the hearts of the palms and soles, a red tongue without fur, and a rapid fine pulse.

Medication:  Nourish yin and downbear fire with Anemarrhena, Phellodendron, and Rehmannia Pill (zhï bâi dì huáng wán).

jïn qián xiân

A condition characterized by clearly circumscribed red macules that often heal from the center (Chinese coins traditionally had holes in them), sometimes with papules, vesicles, or pustules at the periphery which crust and scale. It may be observed on the face, neck, trunk, or limbs.

Western Medical Concept:  tinea corporis* tinea corporis.

Medication:  Treat by topical application of 3~g of borax blended with 100 ml of vinegar.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on SP, ST, and LI. Needle with even supplementation and drainage at ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , and KI-2 (rán gû, Blazing Valley) , and with drainage at LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , and LI-11 (qü chí, Pool at the Bend) . Apply moxa at .

yuán yì

Synonym:  silvery internal obstruction .

An internal obstruction of the eye. A round white opacity blocking the pupil. It is usually attributed to insufficiency of the liver and kidney with yin vacuity damp-heat or liver channel wind-heat attacking the upper body. It may affect either or both eyes.

Western Medical Concept:  cataract* cataract.

Medication:  Enrich the liver and kidney or nourish yin, clear heat, and eliminate dampness.

hán

Definition: 

The opposite of heat.

Definition:  One of the six qi; cold weather, normally occurring in winter.

Definition:  One of the six excesses, i.e., cold weather as a cause of disease.

Definition:  Cold in the body causing disease and classified as ``cold'' among the eight principles. The nature of cold as an evil and its clinical manifestations are similar to those of cold in the natural environment, e.g., low temperature, deceleration of activity, and congealing. Diseases caused by cold evil result from severe or sudden exposure to cold, e.g., catching cold, excessive consumption of cold fluids, or exposure to frost. They bear the following features: Generalized or local signs of cold, such as aversion to cold, desire for warmth, pronounced lack of warmth in the extremities, and cold and pain in the lower abdomen. Cold, thin, clear excreta; for example, a runny nose with clear mucus, clear phlegm, watery vomitus, long voidings of clear urine, or clear watery diarrhea. Elementary Questions (sù wèn) states, ``All disease with water humors that are clear, pure, and cold are ascribed to cold.'' (See nineteen pathomechanisms.) Tendency to develop qi stagnation and blood stasis, characterized by severe pain. It has been said, ``When cold prevails, there is pain.'' Contracture and hypertonicity of the sinews, indicating invasion of the channels by the evil; hence it is said, ``Cold is associated with contracture and tautness.'' Cold may arise in the body not only as a result of invasion by cold evil, but also as a result of debilitation of yang qi. This is called vacuity cold, and is characterized by curled-up lying posture, long voidings of clear urine, clear-food diarrhea, counterflow cold of the limbs, and a slow pulse. See also cold pattern.

Definition:  One of the four qi (heat, cold, warmth, coolness).

Definition:  Of or pertaining to the quality cold. Of a nature tending to reduce heat, e.g., cold medicinal. See four qi. See also common cold.

lêng

Pronounced, overt, or palpable cold. See cold.

hán lêng fù tòng

cold qi abdominal pain.

hán jï fù tòng that arises when spleen-

stomach yang vacuity, damage from eating raw and cold foods, and contraction of cold evil cause an accumulation of congealing stagnant cold. It is characterized by continual pain that likes heat and refuses warmth. Bouts of pain are accompanied by diarrhea. The pulse is usually sunken and slow or sunken and tight.

Medication:  Warm and move spleen yang; dissipate cold and move qi. Use formulas such as Center-Ordering Decoction (zhì zhöng täng) or Tsaoko Pill (dòu kòu wán). Compare the milder cold qi abdominal pain.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, ST, SP, and LI. Select CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , CV-8 (shén què, Spirit Gate Tower) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , BL-25 (dà cháng shü, Large Intestine Transport) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , SP-15 (dà hèng, Great Horizontal) , SP-4 (göng sün, Yellow Emperor) , and LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) ; needle with drainage and add moxa. Moxibustion on ginger can be performed at CV-8 (shén què, Spirit Gate Tower) .

yäo xï suän lêng

Aching pain and palpable cold in the lumbus and knees attributable to kidney yang vacuity. See lumbar pain.

A lump in the rib-side that feels like a taut cord, associated with pain on exposure to cold, and a large stringlike pulse. Cold aggregation is attributable to cold evil contending with water-rheum.

Medication:  Use Sal Ammoniac Decocted Pill (náo shä jiän wán). See strings and aggregations.

hán rè

Definition: 

Cold and heat in the eight-principle sense. Cold and heat represent the yin and yang of bodily functions. Cold results from contraction of cold evil or insufficiency of yang qi; heat results from contraction of heat evil or yin vacuity.

Definition:  Heat~effusion and aversion to cold.

Definition:  Alternating heat~effusion and aversion to cold.

bèi hán

Palpable cold or a feeling of cold in the back. Cold back may be observed in a)~external contraction of wind-cold with heat~effusion, generalized pain, and a tight floating pulse, b)~in yang vacuity with yin exuberance, attended by bland taste in the mouth, somber complexion, counterflow cold of the extremities, long voidings of clear urine, sloppy stool, pale tongue with glossy moist tongue fur, and slow sunken pulse, and c) phlegm-rheum with cough or panting, copious thin white phlegm, dizziness, no desire for fluid or desire for warm drinks in small quantities, abdominal distention, reduced food intake, general fatigue and lack of strength, swelling of the limbs, white glossy tongue fur, and slippery sunken pulse. Compare hot back.

hán jié

cold constipation.

hán zé shöu yîn

See cold causes qi to contract.

hán zé qì shöu

Synonym:  cold causes contracture and tension .

From Elementary Questions (sù wèn) When cold qi damages the skin and flesh, the pores close, yang qi contracts, and sweat ceases to flow; when it damages the sinews, the sinews become contracted and tense (hypertonic) and painful.

hán jié xiöng

cold repletion chest bind.

hán huò luàn

Cholera due to consumption of raw or cold foods or contraction of cold-damp in patients with yang qi. Cold cholera is characterized by simultaneous vomiting and diarrhea, with vomitus and stool that is normally without foul smell and that is like clear water or like water in which rice has been washed. Other signs include mild abdominal pain, aversion to cold, cold limbs, green-blue or purple lips and nails, and sunken tight or sunken hidden pulse.

Western Medical Concept:  enteritis*!acute acute enteritis* paracholera* cholera* acute enteritis, cholera, and paracholera.

Medication:  Warm the center, dissipate cold, and transform dampness. Use Agastache/Patchouli Qi-Righting Powder (huò xiäng zhèng qì sân) for mild cases and Center-Rectifying Decoction (lî zhöng täng) or Counterflow Cold Decoction (sì nì täng) for severe cases.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, LI, ST, and SP. Select CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , ST-37 (shàng jù xü, Upper Great Hollow) , PC-6 (nèi guän, Inner Pass) , and ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) ; needle with supplementation and large amounts of moxa. Moxibustion on ginger can be performed at CV-8 (shén què, Spirit Gate Tower) . For yang vacuity constitution, add CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) and CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) . For internal damage by raw cold foods, add BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) and LR-13 (zhäng mén, Camphorwood Gate) . For external cold-damp contraction, needle with drainage and moxa at BL-12 (fëng mén, Wind Gate) , LU-7 (liè quë, Broken Sequence) , and SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) . See cholera.

hán níng gän mài

See cold stagnating in the liver vessel.

lêng bì

Synonym:  yin bind ;

Synonym:  cold bind .

Constipation arising when spleen-kidney yang vacuity causes yin cold to congeal and bind, reducing warmth and movement of food. Cold constipation is associated with pale lips, harmony of mouth, lack of warmth in the limbs, cold sensation in the lumbus and abdomen, or cold pain in the abdomen, desire for heat and aversion to cold, long voidings of clear urine, an enlarged tongue with white fur, and a forceless fine pulse.

Medication:  Supplement the kidney and warm yang. Use Pinellia and Sulfur Pill (bàn líu wán) plus Cistanches Caulis (ròu cöng róng) and Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix (níu xï).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment on the alarm, back transport, and lower uniting points of LI, and on CV, SP, and KI. Select BL-25 (dà cháng shü, Large Intestine Transport) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , ST-37 (shàng jù xü, Upper Great Hollow) , CV-6 (qì hâi, Sea of Qi) , KI-6 (zhào hâi, Shining Sea) , KI-18 (shí guän, Stone Pass) , BL-23 (shèn shü, Kidney Transport) , and CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) ; needle with supplementation and add moxa. Apply moxa on salt or ginger at CV-8 (shén què, Spirit Gate Tower) .

hán sòu

Cough due to damage to the lung by externally contracted cold or damage to the spleen by eating raw and cold foodstuffs. Cold cough is associated with white foamy phlegm, white face, tight pulse, and fine stringlike pulse. In the winter, contraction of cold may also cause aversion to cold and heat~effusion, absence of sweating, and nasal congestion.

Medication:  Warm the lung and resolve the exterior using formulas like Minor Green-Blue Dragon Decoction (xiâo qïng lóng täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on LU, LI, and ST. Select BL-13 (fèi shü, Lung Transport) , LU-7 (liè quë, Broken Sequence) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , BL-12 (fëng mén, Wind Gate) , BL-11 (dà zhù, Great Shuttle) , ST-25 (tiän shü, Celestial Pivot) , and ST-40 (fëng lóng, Bountiful Bulge) . Needle with drainage and add moxa. See cough.

shäng hán

Definition: 

Externally contracted heat (febrile) diseases. Elementary Questions (sù wèn) states, ``Heat (febrile) diseases are all of the cold damage kind.'' It also states, ``When a person is damaged by cold, the disease is febrile (one of heat).''

Definition:  A specific form of externally contracted heat (febrile) disease, The Classic of Difficult Issues (nàn jïng) states, ``Cold damage has five forms: cold damage, wind stroke, damp warmth, heat disease, and warm disease.'' This specific form of febrile disease is elaborated on in On Cold Damage (shäng hán lùn) i.e., a greater yang pattern of externally contracted heat (febrile) disease with absence of sweating, stiff neck, and a tight floating pulse.

Definition:  A disease caused by catching cold in the winter.

shäng hán xù xuè zhèng

A greater yang bowel pattern arising when stasis heat binds in the lower burner causing lesser-abdominal tension or lower abdominal hardness and fullness, mania-like or manic states, forgetfulness, sloppy stool that is black and slimy like lacquer. The bladder is the greater yang bowel, and when greater yang evil heat passes through the channels into the bowel, it causes stasis heat to bind in the lower burner. Because the evil is in the blood aspect rather than in the qi aspect, urination is uninhibited.

Medication:  For mild cases, use Peach Kernel Qi-Coordinating Decoction (táo hé chéng qì täng) to discharge heat and move stasis; for severe cases, use Dead-On Decoction (dî dàng täng) or Dead-On Pill (dî dàng wán).

Comparison:  Cold damage blood amassment, water amassment, and yang brightness bowel repletion patterns are similar, and care must be taken to differentiate. Lower abdominal fullness that is not painful when pressed and inhibited urination indicate water amassment; pain around the umbilicus that refuses pressure, short rough urination, and fecal stoppage constitutes a yang brightness bowel repletion pattern; lesser-abdominal hardness and black stool like lacquer, mania-like or manic states, and uninhibited urination constitutes a blood amassment pattern. See cold damage; greater yang disease.

shäng hán biâo zhèng

Any disease pattern resulting from the presence of cold damage disease evil in the exterior, referred to in the doctrine of cold damage greater yang exterior pattern. See cold damage; greater yang disease.

shäng hán lî zhèng

Any cold damage disease pattern resulting when external evils pass from the exterior to the interior. Evils in the yang channels are in the interior when in the yang brightness . For example, yang brightness disease with a slow pulse, heavy body, shortness of breath, abdominal fullness and panting, and tidal heat~effusion can be treated by attacking the interior with one of the Qi-Coordinating Decoctions (chéng qì täng); yang brightness with sweating from the head only (absence of generalized sweating), inhibited urination, and thirst with intake of fluid is a sign of stasis heat in the interior that is invariably accompanied by yellowing, and is treated with Capillaris Decoction (yïn chén häo täng). If the evils pass from the yang to the yin channels, or make a direct strike on the lesser yin , the resulting patterns are of interior vacuity cold. For example, lesser yin disease with sunken rapid fine pulse indicates disease of the interior for which the method of sweating is contraindicated; lesser yin disease with clear-food diarrhea, interior cold and external heat, reverse-flow of the extremities, and faint pulse verging on expiration should be treated with Vessel-Freeing Counterflow Cold Decoction (töng mài sì nì täng). Yang brightness disease and triple-yin disease are both interior patterns that are quite different in terms of cold, heat, vacuity, and repletion, so care must be taken in pattern identification and treatment. See cold damage.

hán shäng xíng

Cold evil can cause injury to the body. Cold is a yin evil, and by nature causes congealing, stagnation, and contracture. External contraction of cold prevents the normal diffusion of yang qi, causing headache, aversion to cold, absence of sweating, generalized pain, and a tight floating pulse. When cold evil lodges in the sinews, it causes tension in the network vessels, which restricts the movement of qi and blood, thereby causing spasm, pain, and numbness.

shäng hán xù shuî zhèng

A greater yang bowel pattern arising when greater yang disease fails to resolve, and evil heat passes through the channel into the bowel (the bladder) and binds with water, hampering qi transformation. Signs include floating pulse, heat~effusion, thirst, inhibited urination, lesser-abdominal fullness, and in some cases the immediate vomiting of water ingested.

Medication:  Free yang and promote qi transformation; disinhibit water and resolve the exterior. Use Poria (Hoelen) Five Powder (wû líng sân). See greater yang disease.

hán shï

Definition: 

Cold and dampness combining to create stagnation of yang qi and inhibit the flow of blood, causing cold in the flesh and inhibited bending and stretching.

Definition:  A disease pattern in which dampness encumbers the stomach and spleen and damages spleen yang or in which water-rheum collects as a result of spleen-kidney yang vacuity. It is characterized by cold limbs, abdominal distention, diarrhea, and in some cases water swelling.

hán shï xuàn yün

See summerheat-damp dizziness.

hán shï kùn pí

Synonym:  cold-

damp obstructing the center .

Impairment of splenic movement arising when excessive consumption of cold food and drinks or of gourds and fruits, or spleen-yang vacuity allows dampness to invade. Signs include distention and fullness in the stomach duct and abdomen, heavy-headedness, fatigue, torpid intake, upflow nausea and desire to vomit, bland taste in the mouth without thirst, sloppy stool, inhibited urination, a gray-white glossy tongue fur, and a slow or moderate, or soggy pulse. In women, there may be a thin white fishy-smelling vaginal discharge.

Medication:  Treat by warming the center and dispelling cold combined with the method of moving the spleen. Use variations of Center-Rectifying Decoction (lî zhöng täng) combined with Stomach-Calming Poria (Hoelen) Five Decoction (wèi líng täng). Compare spleen vacuity with damp encumbrance.

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on CV, GV, SP, and ST. Select BL-20 (pí shü, Spleen Transport) , CV-12 (zhöng wân, Center Stomach Duct) , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , LR-13 (zhäng mén, Camphorwood Gate) , SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) , CV-4 (guän yuán, Pass Head) , and SP-6 (sän yïn jiäo, Three Yin Intersection) ; needle with supplementation and large amounts of moxa.

hán shï jîu bì

A chronic impediment pattern arising when cold-damp invades the body. Cold evil causes qi and blood to congeal, whereas dampness causes stagnation and fixity. The two evils combined cause persistent morbid states of pain in the flesh and skin, stiffness in the joints, pain of fixed location.

hán shï tóu tòng due to cold-

damp clouding clear yang in the upper body, congealing the blood, and causing hypertonicity of the network vessels. It tends to occur in wet or dull (yin-type) weather and is associated with oppression in the chest, heavy cumbersome limbs, a white slimy tongue fur, and a moderate pulse.

Medication:  Dissipate cold and dispel dampness using formulas such as Notopterygium Dampness-Overcoming Decoction (qiäng huó shèng shï täng) or Ligusticum and Asarum Decoction (xiöng xïn täng).

Acupuncture:  Base treatment mainly on SP, ST, and LI. Select ST-8 (tóu wéi, Head Corner) , , ST-36 (zú sän lî, Leg Three Li) , LI-4 (hé gû, Union Valley) , and SP-9 (yïn líng quán, Yin Mound Spring) ; needle with drainage and use large amounts of moxa. For selection of points according to affected area, see headache.